The Vehicle, Fall 1993

Table of Contents 7/10ths SynthesisPeter F. Essigpage 5 Aug 1992 (My Small Catechism)Jon Montgomerypage 6 Chaos Is-J. Dylan McNeillpage 7 UntouchedTraci Williamspage 8 The JustificationJohn C. Carminepage 8 LincolnJon Montgomerypage 9 Untitled (Photo)Nicole Niemanpage 10 Park PoemJohn Brillhartpage 11 SmokeJulia Ann Canhampage 12 Warming the BenchAnn Moutraypage 12 Cereal KillerJay Harnackpage 13 The Dutiful SonsTom McGrathpage 14 UntitledCatherine DeGraafpage 17 7-up bottleWalt Howardpage 17 BreedDan Trutterpage 18 An Argument Against LoveTony Martinezpage 19 UntitledT. Scott Laniganpage 19 Glassblowers BallStephanie Franzenpage 20 Portrait of a Young GirlJohn C. Carminepage 20 Untitled (artwork)Dan Trutterpage 21 Death of a FriendLizabeth Kulkapage 22 Submission BluesMartin Paul Brittpage 23 To the Fourteen Year Old SuicideScott Langenpage 23 The Flabby PilgrimTom McGrathpage 24 The Fall of ImmortalityBrian Wheelerpage 25 Merging with AirThom Schnarrepage 26 UntitledCatherine DeGraafpage 27 Tree FishSandra Beauchamppage 28 Country SlumberJ. Dylan McNeillpage 29 Untitled (artwork)Dan Trutterpage 33 Authors\u27 Pagepage 34https://thekeep.eiu.edu/vehicle/1060/thumbnail.jp

A nucleosome assembly protein-like polypeptide binds to chloroplast group II intron RNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the chloroplast-encoded tscA RNA is part of a tripartite group IIB intron, which is involved in trans-splicing of precursor mRNAs. We have used the yeast three-hybrid system to identify chloroplast group II intron RNA-binding proteins, capable of interacting with the tscA RNA. Of 14 candidate cDNAs, 13 encode identical polypeptides with significant homology to members of the nuclear nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. The RNA-binding property of the identified polypeptide was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using different domains of the tripartite group II intron as well as further chloroplast transcripts. Because of its binding to chloroplast RNA it was designated as NAP-like (cNAPL). In silico analysis revealed that the derived polypeptide carries a 46 amino acid chloroplast leader peptide, in contrast to nuclear NAPs. The chloroplast localization of cNAPL was demonstrated by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy using different chimeric cGFP fusion proteins. Phylogenetic analysis shows that no homologues of cNAPL and its related nuclear counterparts are present in prokaryotic genomes. These data indicate that the chloroplast protein described here is a novel member of the NAP family and most probably has not been acquired from a prokaryotic endosymbiont

A nucleosome assembly protein-like polypeptide binds to chloroplast group II intron RNA in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the chloroplast-encoded tscA RNA is part of a tripartite group IIB intron, which is involved in trans-splicing of precursor mRNAs. We have used the yeast three-hybrid system to identify chloroplast group II intron RNA-binding proteins, capable of interacting with the tscA RNA. Of 14 candidate cDNAs, 13 encode identical polypeptides with significant homology to members of the nuclear nucleosome assembly protein (NAP) family. The RNA-binding property of the identified polypeptide was demonstrated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays using different domains of the tripartite group II intron as well as further chloroplast transcripts. Because of its binding to chloroplast RNA it was designated as NAP-like (cNAPL). In silico analysis revealed that the derived polypeptide carries a 46 amino acid chloroplast leader peptide, in contrast to nuclear NAPs. The chloroplast localization of cNAPL was demonstrated by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy using different chimeric cGFP fusion proteins. Phylogenetic analysis shows that no homologues of cNAPL and its related nuclear counterparts are present in prokaryotic genomes. These data indicate that the chloroplast protein described here is a novel member of the NAP family and most probably has not been acquired from a prokaryotic endosymbiont

Evidence for a Grooming Claw in a North American Adapiform Primate: Implications for Anthropoid Origins

Among fossil primates, the Eocene adapiforms have been suggested as the closest relatives of living anthropoids (monkeys, apes, and humans). Central to this argument is the form of the second pedal digit. Extant strepsirrhines and tarsiers possess a grooming claw on this digit, while most anthropoids have a nail. While controversial, the possible presence of a nail in certain European adapiforms has been considered evidence for anthropoid affinities. Skeletons preserved well enough to test this idea have been lacking for North American adapiforms. Here, we document and quantitatively analyze, for the first time, a dentally associated skeleton of Notharctus tenebrosus from the early Eocene of Wyoming that preserves the complete bones of digit II in semi-articulation. Utilizing twelve shape variables, we compare the distal phalanges of Notharctus tenebrosus to those of extant primates that bear nails (n = 21), tegulae (n = 4), and grooming claws (n = 10), and those of non-primates that bear claws (n = 7). Quantitative analyses demonstrate that Notharctus tenebrosus possessed a grooming claw with a surprisingly well-developed apical tuft on its second pedal digit. The presence of a wide apical tuft on the pedal digit II of Notharctus tenebrosus may reflect intermediate morphology between a typical grooming claw and a nail, which is consistent with the recent hypothesis that loss of a grooming claw occurred in a clade containing adapiforms (e.g. Darwinius masillae) and anthropoids. However, a cladistic analysis including newly documented morphologies and thorough representation of characters acknowledged to have states constituting strepsirrhine, haplorhine, and anthropoid synapomorphies groups Notharctus tenebrosus and Darwinius masillae with extant strepsirrhines rather than haplorhines suggesting that the form of pedal digit II reflects substantial homoplasy during the course of early primate evolution

Energy of Water : An Empirical Study into the Human Connection to Water

This book is an exploration into how our thoughts and emotions can change our built environment. It will focus on water as the bridge connecting our experiences with our physical environment. By focusing on our earth’s water and how its mysterious properties have left us entranced for thousands of years, this book will seek to explore those mysteries more deeply. What draws a small child to walk to the edge of a lake and proceed to throw a stone into it? What is it about the sound of rushing water, or waves crashing along a beach that relaxes us into a calm and tranquil state? What is it about moving water that catches our attention the same way that gazing at a dancing flame does? These are all questions that I intend to explore more deeply through the science behind what we are seeing and feeling when encountered by water

Pre-treatment with the angiotensin receptor 1 blocker losartan protects renal blood flow and oxygen delivery after propofol-induced hypotension in pigs

Hypotensive events are strongly correlated to the occurrence of perioperative acute kidney injury, but the underlying mechanisms for this are not completely elucidated. We hypothesised that anaesthesia-induced hypotension causes renal vasoconstriction and decreased oxygen delivery via angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction. Pigs were anaesthetised, surgically prepared and randomised to vehicle/losartan treatment (0.15 mg*kg(-1)). A deliberate reduction in arterial blood pressure was caused by infusion of propofol (30 mg*kg(-1)) for 10 min. Renal function and haemodynamics were recorded 60 min before and after hypotension. Propofol induced hypotension in all animals (p<0.001). Renal blood flow (RBF) and renal oxygen delivery (RDO2) decreased significantly regardless of treatment but more so in vehicle-treated compared to losartan-treated (p=0.001, p=0.02, respectively). During recovery RBF and RDO2 improved to a greater extent in the losartan-treated compared to vehicle-treated (+28 ml*min(-1), 95%CI 8-50 ml*min(-1), p=0.01 and+3.1 ml*min(-1), 95%CI 0.3-5.8 ml*min(-1), p=0.03, respectively). Sixty minutes after hypotension RBF and RDO2 remained depressed in vehicle-treated, as renal vascular resistance was still increased (p<0.001). In losartan-treated animals RBF and RDO2 had normalised. Pre-treatment with losartan improved recovery of renal blood flow and renal oxygen delivery after propofol-induced hypotension, suggesting pronounced angiotensin II-mediated renal vasoconstriction during blood pressure reductions caused by anaesthesia

Oxygen saturation in intraosseous sternal blood measured by CO-oximetry and evaluated non-invasively during hypovolaemia and hypoxia - a porcine experimental study

Purpose: This study intended to determine, and non-invasively evaluate, sternal intraosseous oxygen saturation (SsO(2)) and study its variation during provoked hypoxia or hypovolaemia. Furthermore, the relation between SsO(2) and arterial (SaO(2)) or mixed venous oxygen saturation (SvO(2)) was investigated. Methods: Sixteen anaesthetised male pigs underwent exsanguination to a mean arterial pressure of 50 mmHg. After resuscitation and stabilisation, hypoxia was induced with hypoxic gas mixtures (air/N-2). Repeated blood samples from sternal intraosseous cannulation were compared to arterial and pulmonary artery blood samples. Reflection spectrophotometry measurements by a non-invasive sternal probe were performed continuously. Results: At baseline SaO(2) was 97.0% (IQR 0.2), SsO(2) 73.2% (IQR 19.6) and SvO(2) 52.3% (IQR 12.4). During hypovolaemia, SsO(2) and SvO(2) decreased to 58.9% (IQR 16.9) and 38.1% (IQR 12.5), respectively, p < 0.05 for both, whereas SaO(2) remained unaltered (p = 0.44). During hypoxia all saturations decreased; SaO(2) 71.5% (IQR 5.2), SsO(2) 39.0% (IQR 6.9) and SvO(2) 22.6% (IQR 11.4) (p < 0.01), respectively. For hypovolaemia, the sternal probe red/infrared absorption ratio (SQV) increased significantly from baseline (indicating a reduction in oxygen saturation) + 5.1% (IQR 7.4), p < 0.001 and for hypoxia + 19.9% (IQR 14.8), p = 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: Sternal blood has an oxygen saturation suggesting a mixture of venous and arterial blood. Changes in SsO(2) relate well with changes in SvO(2) during hypovolaemia or hypoxia. Further studies on the feasibility of using non-invasive measurement of changes in SsO(2) to estimate changes in SvO(2) are warranted