13 research outputs found
Localization, analysis and evolution of transposed human immunoglobulin VK genes
The localization of Vκ gene regions to chromosome 2, on which the κ locus is located, and to other chromosomes is described. The Vκ genes that have been transposed to other chromosomes are called orphons. The finding of two new Vκ genes on chromosome 22 is reported. A Vκ II gene of this region and two Vκ I genes of the Chr 1 and the cos 118 regions were sequenced. The two Vκ I orphon sequences and two others that had been determined previously were 97.5% identical, indicating that they may have evolved from a common ancestor by amplification. A model of the evolution of the human Vκ orphons is discussed.
Author Keywords: Human-rodent cell hybrids; cosmids; restriction maps; ligation artifacts; orphon; recombinant DNA
Abbreviations: aa, amino acid(s); bp, base pair(s); Chr1, Vκ gene-containing regions of chromosomes 1; Chr22, Vκ gene-containing regions of chromosomes 22; FR, framework regions; CDR, complementary determining regions; kb, kilo-base(s) or 1000 bp; L, L′, parts of a leader gene segment; m219-1, the first subclone of the cosmid clone cos 219; orphon, Vκ gene outside the κ locus on chromosome 2pl2; SSC, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.015 M Na3-citrate, pH 7.6; V, variable gene segments; J, joining gene segments; C, constant gene segments; Vκ I to Vκ IV, variable gene segments of immunoglobulin light chains of the κ type belonging to subgroups I to IV; for reasons of simplicity Vκ gene segments are generally called Vκ gene
Modulation of (§H) DPCPX binding to membrane-bound ans solubilized A1 adenosine receptors by guanine nucleotides
No abstract availabl
Recent Decisions of the European Court of Justice of the European Union on Supplementary Protection Certificates: A Few Answers—Many Questions
Agrarrelevante Extremwetterlagen und Moeglichkeiten von Risikomanagementsystemen
Zusammenfassung
Das Verbundforschungsvorhaben untersuchte regional differenzierte Änderungen agrarrelevanter
Extremwetterlagen in Deutschland und deren Auswirkungen auf die Landwirtschaft einschließlich
Sonderkulturen und Forstwirtschaft. Auswertungen der Stationsdaten von 1961 bis
2013 des Deutschen Wetterdienstes sowie Daten aus 21 Klimamodellläufen bis zum Jahr 2100
zeigten unter anderem einen Anstieg extremer Hitzetage, die auch in Zukunft häufiger werden
sollen. Ferner wurde in den letzten 20 Jahren eine Zunahme der Tage ohne Niederschlag im März
und April sowie eine Zunahme extrem trockener Tage im Sommer beobachtet, wobei letztere
zukünftig weiter zunehmen sollen. Zunehmende Hitze und Trockenheit beeinträchtigen vor allem
die Ertragsbildung bei einigen Ackerkulturen, wie z.B. beim Weizen. Im Wald ist die Verjüngungsfähigkeit
vor allem unter Fichte und Kiefer gefährdet. Bei einigen Extremwetterlagen, die insbesondere
im Acker- und Sonderkulturanbau hohe Schäden verursachen, wie z. B. Hagel, Starkniederschläge
und Spätfröste, besteht wegen fehlender Beobachtungsdaten bzw. nicht eindeutiger
Wechselwirkungen weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Nach den Ergebnissen besteht angesichts vielfältiger
Anpassungsoptionen in der Land- und Forstwirtschaft keine unmittelbare Notwendigkeit,
Risikomanagementsysteme staatlich verstärkt zu unterstützen///////////////////////Summary
The collaborative project analysed regional differentiated changes of extreme weather events in
Germany and their impacts on agriculture including specialised crops and forestry. Analyses of
weather station data from 1961 to 2013 of the German Weather Service as well as results of 21
climate model runs until 2100 show i. a. an increase of days with extreme heat which are expected
to become more frequent in the future. Furthermore, an increase of days without precipitation
in March and April as well as an increase of days with extreme drought in summer were
observed. The latter are expected to increase in the future. Increasing heat and drought adversely
affect in particular growth and crop harvest of arable cultures e. g. winter wheat. Extreme
drought impairs especially the regeneration capacity in spruce and pine forests. For some extreme
weather events that cause severe damages in particular in arable and specialised crops
such as hail, extreme precipitation and late frosts further research need was identified due to
missing observation data or unclear interactions between weather and vegetation. According to
the results and in the light of various adaptation options there is currently no further necessity
for governmental support of risk management systems