Treatment of sentence production in German agrammatism: a multiple single case study

This multiple single case intervention study focusses on the production of non-canonical sentences with seven agrammatic participants. Cross-over training involved the production of object relative clauses, i.e. syntactically complex sentences and relying on higher nodes in the syntactic tree and object derived who-questions, i.e. less complex sentences and relying on lower nodes. The investigation evaluates individual structure specific effects, generalized effects for sentence structures of the same movement type and different movement type. Individual results, unambiguously attributable to the intervention are reported and discussed within two accounts of treatment of agrammatic sentence production, the Tree-Pruning-Hypotheses (TPH) and the Complexity-Account-Treatment-Efficacy (CATE)

Neue Technologien und ihre Auswirkungen auf den Arbeitsmarkt technologisch bedingte Arbeitslosigkeit oder Wiedererlangung der Vollbeschaeftigung? Ein Vergleich der verschiedenen juengeren Prognosen und Einschaetzungen zur Arbeitsmarktentwicklung bis zum Jahr 2000

IAB-32113 AN 918 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

Soziale Auswirkungen spezifischer Organisationsformen und -vorschlaege der Deutschen Bundespost ein Ueberblick ueber die ordnungspolitische Debatte um die Reorganisation der DBP unter besonderer Beruecksichtigung der sozialen Konsequenzen

UuStB Koeln(38)-890107152 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEDEGerman

C/C-SiC Materials Based on High Performance C Fibres with Tailored Fibre-Matrix Bonding

The Liquid Silicon Infiltration (LSI) process is used to manufacture carbon fiber based C/C-SiC composites. A CFRP-preform (carbon fibre reinforced polymer) is manufactured by infiltrating C fibre rovings with a phenolic resin, wet filament winding and warm pressing. After curing, the polymer matrix is converted to carbon by a high temperature treatment. Due to matrix shrinkage, the resulting C/C preform is characterized by a high amount of porosity. The pore morphology includes fine, closed pores as well as open porosity in form of segmentation microcracks (SMC), fragmenting the fibre tows into discrete C/C bundles and forming a 3D-network of interconnected microchannels. Depending on the fibre matrix bonding (FMB) and interaction, also shrinkage cracks between individual filaments and matrix (FMC) are observed in the C/C bundles all over the composite. During siliconization, the molten silicon is infiltrating the open pores and microcracks and SiC matrix is built up by a chemical reaction of Si and C. In order to obtain damage tolerant C/C-SiC materials, the fibres have to be protected from Si contact and conversion to SiC. Therefore, FMI has to be tailored to form dense C/C bundles and to avoid shrinkage cracks between filaments and matrix. In the current work, the formation of SMC and FMC is studied on CFRP-preforms based on standard high tenacity as well as on intermediate and ultrahigh modulus C fibres and is simulated in a FE-model. The influence of fibre surface treatment on FMB and microstructure development as well as on the material processing and, finally, on the mechanical properties of the resulting C/C-SiC materials is presented

Multiple Antibody Targets on Herpes B Glycoproteins B and D Identified by Screening Sera of Infected Rhesus Macaques with Peptide Microarrays

Herpes B virus (or Herpesvirus simiae or Macacine herpesvirus 1) is endemic in many populations of macaques, both in the wild and in captivity. The virus elicits only mild clinical symptoms (if any) in monkeys, but can be transmitted by various routes, most commonly via bites, to humans where it causes viral encephalitis with a high mortality rate. Hence, herpes B constitutes a considerable occupational hazard for animal caretakers, veterinarians and laboratory personnel. Efforts are therefore being made to reduce the risk of zoonotic infection and to improve prognosis after accidental exposure. Among the measures envisaged are serological surveillance of monkey colonies and specific diagnosis of herpes B zoonosis against a background of antibodies recognizing the closely related human herpes simplex virus (HSV). 422 pentadecapeptides covering, in an overlapping fashion, the entire amino acid sequences of herpes B proteins gB and gD were synthesized and immobilized on glass slides. Antibodies present in monkey sera that bind to subsets of the peptide collection were detected by microserological techniques. With 42 different rhesus macaque sera, 114 individual responses to 18 different antibody target regions (ATRs) were recorded, 17 of which had not been described earlier. This finding may pave the way for a peptide-based, herpes B specific serological diagnostic test.peerReviewe

Análisis de la endotoxemia en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca

Desde el inicio de la cirugía cardiaca, el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas, los avances en los métodos de circulación extracorpórea (CEC) y los tratamientos en cuidados intensivos hacen que la mortalidad de estos pacientes haya disminuido de casi el 100% hasta un 5-6% en la actualidad. No obstante, estas cifras se mantienen estables durante los últimos años. La respuesta inflamatoria asociada a la CEC es un proceso que puede llegar a desarrollar complicaciones mayores incluyendo insuficiencia respiratoria, shock, fracaso renal e incluso fracaso multiorgánico. La cirugía con CEC provoca cambios sistémicos importantes que inician el proceso de SIRS. Entre ellos se encuentra la hipoperfusión esplénica, que podría producir daños en la mucosa intestinal alterando la permeabilidad de la barrera favoreciendo así la traslocación bacteriana y la endotoxemia. La endotoxina es un lipopolisacárido de la pared celular de las BGN y es reconocido como un importante estímulo para el desarrollo del SIRS. Su presencia en pacientes sometidos a CEC ha sido ampliamente reconocida, pero la magnitud de la endotoxemia así como su correlación con la evolución clínica y la aparición de complicaciones varía ampliamente entre los estudios. Según algunos estudios, la concentración sistémica de endotoxinas se correlaciona estrechamente con el grado de disfunción cardiovascular, duración de la cirugía, tiempo de CEC, tiempo de isquemia y necesidad de aminas vasoactivas, lo que se podría resumir en todas aquellas situaciones que potencialmente podrían favorecer una situación de hipopefusión esplácnica. Existen diferentes técnicas para detectar la presencia de la endotoxemia. Tradicionalmente, se había cuantificado la cantidad de endotoxina mediante un análisis in vitro denominado lisado de Amebocitos del Limulus Polyphemus (LAL), pero este test nunca ha sido aprobado por la FDA pasa su uso en sangre. Esto ha motivado el descubrimiento de un nuevo test llamado ensayo de actividad de endotoxina (EAA) (Spectral Diagnostics, Toronto, ON, Canadá), que consta de un kit de prueba rápida de quimioluminiscencia inmunodiagnóstica que se puede realizar en menos de 1 hora, aprobado por la FDA para su realización en líquidos biológicos como es la sangre. Los objetivos marcados del estudio fueron detectar la presencia de endotoxemia en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca utilizando un nuevo método diagnóstico así como establecer los factores de riesgo de presentar endotoxemia y establecer la implicación pronóstica de esta. El estudio se ha realizado en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Germans Trías i Pujol, Badalona. Incluimos un total de 107 pacientes, la mayoría varones (69%), con una edad media de 66 años (36-87). El 38% tenían DM, 71% HTA y un 12% vasculopatía periférica. La mediana del EuroSCORE I fue de 7 (0-16). Solo 24 pacientes presentaron endotoxemia alta (≥0,4EA). La duración mediana de la CEC fue de 95 min (24-300) con un tiempo de isquemia (ClAo) de 72 min (17-175). El 37% de los pacientes requirieron transfusión de concentrados de hematíes. Los resultados de nuestro estudio indican que en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardiaca existe endotoxemia al menos en grado moderado y que esta puede tener utilidad en la detección de aquellos pacientes que pueden presentar infección postoperatoria precoz. Como factor de riesgo de endotoxemia, hemos observado que aquellos pacientes con vasculopatía periférica y los que requieren trasfusión de mayor cantidad de concentrados de hematíes durante la intervención son los que presentan mayor riesgo de presentar endotoxemia en el postoperatorio inmediato.Since the beginning of cardiac surgery, development of new surgical techniques, advances in methods of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and intensive care treatments, mortality has decreased from almost 100% to 5- 6% today. However, these figures have remained stable in recent years. The inflammatory response to CPB has been implicated in many of the postoperative clinical problems that often occur in these patients including respiratory failure, postoperative shock states, renal failure and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. These systemic changes may be due to many different mechanisms. One mechanism, is attributed to splanchnic hypoperfusion that might cause harm to the intestinal mucosa by altering the barrier's permeability, thus favouring bacterial translocation and endotoxemia. Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccharide in the membrane of GNB and is known to be one of the most potent activators known of innate immunity and the inflammatory response in humans. In patients subjected to cardiac surgery, transient endotoxemia has been shown in many occasions, which seems to be closely related to extracorporeal circulation, but the magnitude of endotoxemia and their correlation with clinical evolution and the development of complications vary widely between studies. According to some studies, systemic endotoxin concentration is closely correlated with the degree of cardiovascular dysfunction, duration of CPB, ischemic time and need for vasoactive amines, which can be summarized in all situations that could potentially favor a situation of splanchnic hypoperfusion. There are different techniques to detect the presence of endotoxemia. The amount of endotoxin has traditionally been quantified by the analysis known as "Limulus amebocyte lysate" (LAL), but this test has never been approved by the FDA for clinical use in humans. This has led to the discovery of a new test called endotoxin activity assay (EAA) (Spectral Diagnostics, Toronto, ON, Canada), comprising a rapid chemiluminiscent immunodiagnostic test kit that can be performed in less than 1 hour, approved by the FDA for its realization in biological fluids such as it is blood. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of endotoxemia related to CPB in a cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, using the EAA test. There was also investigated the criteria for high risk of endotoxemia and the association between endotoxemia and the development of adverse clinical events including length of stay and mortality. The study was performed in the Intensive Care Unit of Germans Trias i Pujol Hospital, in Badalona. A total of 107 patients were enrolled. Of these 107 patients, the median age was 66 years (36-87), most were males (69%), 38% had DM, 71% HTA and 12% peripheral vascular disease. Median EuroSCORE I was 7 (0-6). Only 23 patients had EAA ≥0,4 EA. Median CBP time was 95 (24-300) and isquemic time 68 (17-175) minutes. 37% required blood transfusion. The results of the study indicate that in postoperative cardiac surgery there is endotoxemia at least in moderate degree, and that the presence of endotoxemia is significantly related to early postoperative infection. As a risk factor, we found that patients with peripheral vascular disease and transfused more than 2 during surgery are those with increased risk of endotoxemia