1,666 research outputs found
Simulating Radiative Magnetohydrodynamical Flows with AstroBEAR: Implementation and Applications of Non-equilibrium Cooling
Radiative cooling plays a crucial role in the dynamics of many astrophysical
flows, and is particularly important in the dense shocked gas within
Herbig-Haro (HH) objects and stellar jets. Simulating cooling processes
accurately is necessary to compare numerical simulations with existing and
planned observations of HH objects, such as those from the Hubble Space
Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper we discuss a new,
non-equilibrium cooling scheme we have implemented into the 3-D
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code AstroBEAR. The new cooling function includes
ionization, recombination, and excitation of all the important atomic species
that cool below 10000 K. We tested the routine by comparing its predictions
with those from the well-tested 1-D Cox-Raymond shock code (Raymond 1979). The
results show thatAstroBEAR accurately tracks the ionization fraction,
temperature, and other MHD variables for all low-velocity (.90 km/s) magnetized
radiative shock waves. The new routine allows us to predict synthetic emission
maps in all the bright forbidden and permitted lines observed in stellar jets,
including H{\alpha}, [NII], [OI], and [SII]. We present an example as to how
these synthetic maps facilitate a direct comparison with narrowband images of
HH objects.Comment: 8 figure
World News
Since an explosion on November 13, 2005 at Jilin Petrochemical Corporationâs benzene factory in the northeastern city of Harbin, 45 other pollution accidents were reported to Chinaâs State Environmental Protection Administration [âSEPAâ], including six âmajor disasters.â The Harbin explosion poured one hundred tons of the carcinogenic benzene and nitrobenzene into the Songhua River in a plume of contaminated water 150 kilometers long. Ten thousand people were evacuated and four million people had no public water services for several days. On February 14, 2006, another major spill in the Yuexi River left 20,000 residents of the Sichuan village of Guanyin without water when high concentrations of fluorine, amine-nitrate, and phenol were discovered in the river
How good are the Garvey-Kelson predictions of nuclear masses?
The Garvey-Kelson relations are used in an iterative process to predict
nuclear masses in the neighborhood of nuclei with measured masses. Average
errors in the predicted masses for the first three iteration shells are smaller
than those obtained with the best nuclear mass models. Their quality is
comparable with the Audi-Wapstra extrapolations, offering a simple and
reproducible procedure for short range mass predictions. A systematic study of
the way the error grows as a function of the iteration and the distance to the
known masses region, shows that a correlation exists between the error and the
residual neutron-proton interaction, produced mainly by the implicit assumption
that varies smoothly along the nuclear landscape.Comment: 10 pages, 18 figure
OpenJDK's Java.utils.Collection.sort() Is Broken: The Good, the Bad and the Worst Case
We investigate the correctness of TimSort, which is the main sorting algorithm provided by the Java standard library. The goal is functional verification with mechanical proofs. During our verification attempt we discovered a bug which causes the implementation to crash. We characterize the conditions under which the bug occurs, and from this we derive a bug-free version that does not compromise the performance. We formally specify the new version and mechanically verify the absence of this bug with KeY, a state-of-the-art verification tool for Java
Optical Imaging and Spectroscopic Observation of the Galactic Supernova Remnant G85.9-0.6
Optical CCD imaging with H and [SII] filters and spectroscopic
observations of the galactic supernova remnant G85.9-0.6 have been performed
for the first time. The CCD image data are taken with the 1.5m Russian-Turkish
Telescope (RTT150) at TUBITAK National Observatory (TUG) and spectral data are
taken with the Bok 2.3 m telescope on Kitt Peak, AZ.
The images are taken with narrow-band interference filters H, [SII]
and their continuum. [SII]/H ratio image is performed. The ratio
obtained from [SII]/H is found to be 0.42, indicating that the
remnant interacts with HII regions. G85.9-0.6 shows diffuse-shell morphology.
[SII] average flux ratio is calculated from the
spectra, and the electron density is obtained to be 395 . From
[OIII]/H ratio, shock velocity has been estimated, pre-shock density of
, explosion energy of ergs,
interstellar extinction of , and neutral hydrogen column density
of are reported.Comment: 20 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in
Astrophysics & Space Scienc
Nuclear masses and the number of valence nucleons
An improved version of the liquid drop model is presented. The addition of two terms, linear and quadratic in the total number of valence nucleons (particles or holes), improves the description of atomic masses, which can be fitted with an r.m.s. error of 1.2 MeV. Predictions are analysed an compared with those of established models. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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