Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques de la population de l’aire de santé SAMBWA en rapport avec le traitement de l’onchocercose à l’ivermectine sous directives communautaires

Introduction: l'onchocercose constitue un problème majeur de santé publique et l'on a noté environ 13 millions de personnes affectées et 26 millions exposées au cours de l'année 2012 en RDC. L'objectif de notre étude est fournir les données sur le niveau de connaissance, d'attitudes et des pratiques de la communauté huit ans après le lancement de la distribution de l'ivermectine sous directives communautaires. Méthodes: il s'agit d'une étude descriptive transversale dans la communauté de l'aire de santé SAMBWA de la zone de santé de KAFUBU. La population cible de l'étude est toute personne de la communauté âgée de 15 à 65 ans. Les paramètres étudiés sont: âge, niveau d'instruction, connaissance de la maladie en langue locale et des signes, attitudes devant les personnes atteintes, perception de la maladie, utilisation des pratiques traditionnelles, association entre le niveau d'instruction et la connaissance de savoir si l'on peut suivre un traitement. Résultats: la moyenne d'âge des répondants était de 38±14 ans et 67,54% des enquêtés étaient de niveau primaire. L'étude a montré que 99,53 % des répondants connaissaient le terme onchocercose en langue locale (UBUMFUKU) et un niveau moyen de connaissance en ce qui concerne les lésions de la peau (66,9%) était noté. 1,9% des répondants craignaient les personnes atteintes et 42,2% des répondants percevaient l'onchocercose comme une maladie. Une proportion de 55% qui prenaient les plantes comme médicament. Il y avait association significative entre le niveau d'instruction et la connaissance de suivre un traitement contre l'onchocercose (p: 0,008). Conclusion: ces résultats interpellent en ce qui concerne la sensibilisation de la communauté sur l'onchocercose. Les stratégies de lutte contre l'onchocercose devraient prendre en compte ces différentes insuffisances de la communauté pour améliorer le traitement des masses par l'ivermectine tant au niveau du ménage que des coordinations de programme de lutte

IgE detection in allergic patient's serum by absorption analysis of biofunctionalised microparticles

International audienceAllergic diseases have increased its incidence worldwide, increasing the significance of research in diagnostics to offer more precise immunotherapy options. Most current lines of work revolve around single-protein detection, which relies mostly on faint fluorescence signals and large expensive detectors. In this context, we propose a procedure based on visible light absorption by polymeric microparticles. The beads acting as supports react with the serum of an allergic patient and perform a magnetically-assisted competitive immunoassay, similar to indirect ELISA. Firstly, protein binding on surface and antibody recognition was evaluated by SEM imaging. Then, the procedure sensitivity was determined, were the lowest detected IgE concentration is comparable to commercial standards. Finally, the effects of cross-reactive allergen specimens were assessed, yielding difficulties in detection at antibody concentrations close to the limit of detection. Consequently, we have provided a proof-ofconcept of a microparticle-based competitive immunoassay by visible light absorption analysis

Insights into the Allergenic Potential of the Edible Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor)

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Changes in the Proteome in the Development of Chronic Human Papillomavirus Infection—A Prospective Study in HIV Positive and HIV Negative Rwandan Women

Background: Effects on the proteome when a high risk (HR)-HPV infection occurs, when it is cleared and when it becomes chronic were investigated. Moreover, biomarker panels that could identify cervical risk lesions were assessed. Methods: Cytology, HPV screening and proteomics were performed on cervical samples from Rwandan HIV+ and HIV- women at baseline, at 9 months, at 18 months and at 24 months. Biological pathways were identified using the String database. Results: The most significantly affected pathway when an incident HR-HPV infection occurred was neutrophil degranulation, and vesicle-mediated transport was the most significantly affected pathway when an HR-HPV infection was cleared; protein insertion into membrane in chronic HR-HPV lesions and in lesions where HR-HPVs were cleared were compared; and cellular catabolic process in high-grade lesions was compared to that in negative lesions. A four-biomarker panel (EIF1; BLOC1S5; LIMCH1; SGTA) was identified, which was able to distinguish chronic HR-HPV lesions from cleared HR-HPV/negative lesions (sensitivity 100% and specificity 91%). Another four-biomarker panel (ERH; IGKV2-30; TMEM97; DNAJA4) was identified, which was able to distinguish high-grade lesions from low-grade/negative lesions (sensitivity 100% and specificity 81%). Conclusions: We have identified the biological pathways triggered in HR-HPV infection, when HR-HPV becomes chronic and when cervical risk lesions develop. Moreover, we have identified potential biomarkers that may help to identify women with cervical risk lesions

Antigen 5-spiked Vespula and Polistes venom extracts for Vespid allergy diagnostics: A French multicenter study

International audienceVespula and Polistes spp venom extracts (VEs) for ImmunoCAP (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Uppsala, Sweden) platforms have beenspiked, that is, enriched, with group 5 allergens since 2012. Limited information was available from the manufacturer, but small cohortshave reported altered performance for in vitro diagnostics.1,2 Herein we present the results of a French multicenter study onantigen 5–spiked Vespula and Polistes VEs compared with nonspiked VE

Performance of Repeated Measures of (1–3)-β-D-Glucan, Mannan Antigen, and Antimannan Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in ICU Patients: A Preplanned Ancillary Analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial

International audienceBackground. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of repeated measurements of serum (1-3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), mannanantigen (mannan-Ag), and antimannan antibodies (antimannan-Ab) for the occurrence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in a high-risk nonimmunocompromised population. Methods. This was a preplanned ancillary analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial, including nonimmunocompromised critically ill patients with intensive care unit-acquired sepsis, multiple Candida colonization, and multiple organ failure who were exposed to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. BDG (>80 and >250 pg/mL), mannan-Ag (>125 pg/ mL), and antimannan-Ab (>10 AU) were collected repeatedly. We used cause-specific hazard models. Biomarkers were assessed at baseline in the whole cohort (cohort 1). Baseline covariates and/or repeated measurements and/or increased biomarkers were then studied in the subgroup of patients who were still alive at day 3 and free of IC (cohort 2). Results. Two hundred thirty-four patients were included, and 215 were still alive and free of IC at day 3. IC developed in 27 patients (11.5%), and day 28 mortality was 29.1%. Finally, BDG >80 pg/mL at inclusion was associated with an increased risk of IC (CSHR[IC], 4.67; 95% CI, 1.61-13.5) but not death (CSHR[death], 1.20; 95% CI, 0.71-2.02). Conclusions. Among high-risk patients, a first measurement of BDG >80 pg/mL was strongly associated with the occurrence of IC. Neither a cutoff of 250 pg/mL nor repeated measurements of fungal biomarkers seemed to be useful to predict the occurrence of IC. The cumulative risk of IC in the placebo group if BDG >80 pg/mL was 25.39%, which calls into question the efficacy of empirical therapy in this subgroup

Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial

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