The link between vulnerability and social exclusion and criminal trajectories. An association study

Este estudio tiene por objeto identificar la relación existente entre las trayectorias delictivas y los factores de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley. Para ello se analizan 281 expedientes de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley de la ciudad de València y se generan 3 trayectorias delictivas: inicial, moderada y consolidada, que se asocian a indicadores de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social. Se muestran evidencias empíricas de su relación. Las trayectorias delictivas y los factores de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social se hallan plenamente conectados, entrelazados y superpuestos. La acumulación de factores de vulnerabilidad y exclusión social en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley funciona de forma que a mayor acumulación e intensidad, mayor probabilidad de desarrollar una trayectoria delictiva consolidada. La demostración de su vinculación es fundamental para modificar la intervención psicosocial en estos adolescentes, ya sea antes del inicio de la trayectoria delictiva, como prevención, o posteriormente, para evitar el desarrollo de una trayectoria consolidada.The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between criminal trajectories and factors involving vulnerability and social exclusion in adolescents in conflict with the law. To this end we analysed 281 case files of these adolescents in the city of Valencia and produced 3 types of criminal trajectory —initial, moderate and consolidated— associated with vulnerability and social exclusion indicators. Empirical evidence of the relationship is provided. Criminal trajectories and factors involving vulnerability and social exclusion are found to be closely connected, intertwined and overlapping. The accumulation of vulnerability and social exclusion factors in adolescents in conflict with the law works in such a way that the greater the accumulation and intensity, the greater the probability of developing a consolidated criminal trajectory. Demonstrating the link between them is essential in order to modify psychosocial intervention with these adolescents, whether this happens before the start of the criminal trajectory or later so as to prevent it from becoming consolidated

Prevención e intervención primaria en la infancia en la Comunitat Valenciana

En el informe se hace un diagnóstico de la situación de los recursos de prevención e intervención en la Comunitat Valenciana. Para ello los autores realizan un análisis de documentos y entrevistas cualitativas. Se concluye que la Comunitat Valenciana no dispone de un programa de prevención e intervención en la infancia sólido, estable y eficaz

Servicios Sociales en la Comunitat Valenciana: el actual `modelo valenciano´y una nueva agenda de construcción de un modelo de derechos sociales

La aprobación de la LRSAL* presenta un panorama de cambio para los Sistemas de Servicios Sociales de España, sobre todo en lo atingente a lo local. Un grupo de expertos/as de la Comunitat Valenciana ha trabajado esta circunstancia como una oportunidad positiva. Material y Métodos: Mediante el análisis documental y el debate de la realidad del sector realizado por este grupo de expertos/as, se ha desgranado el modelo actual de los servicios sociales municipales valencianos, se ha reflexionado en sus diferencias con los modelos basados en leyes de tercera generación, y a partir de ello, se atreve a proponer las bases para la construcción de un nuevo modelo del Sistema Valenciano de Servicios Sociales. Resultados: Los resultados nos han llevado a indicar que el modelo actual de los servicios sociales valencianos se caracteriza por haberse desarrollado de forma centralizada, desordenada, con escasa calidad y al margen del territorio. La comparativa en legislación nos indica que no se asienta sobre derechos subjetivos, tiene desestructurados e invisibilizados sus recursos, y sobre todo carece por completo de planificación en todos los ámbitos del sistema, siendo especialmente grave en el ámbito de la organización funcional y territorial. Discusión y conclusiones: El nuevo modelo se debe asentar en la planificación estratégica, la proximidad, la prevención, la calidad, la colaboración de y entre todos sus actores, y sobre todo en la primacía de las personas sobre el sistem

Producciones cerámicas islámicas procedentes de Madīnat Saraqusta

In the present work we expose the new data obtained in the archaeological excavations carried out in 2022 at number 2 of Conde de Aranda street and at the back of the plot of number 9 of Coso street in Zaragoza. The scarce stratigraphic diachrony obtained, due to the destructions of modern and contemporary times, reduces the interest of the data obtained to a study of the material collected in the fillings of various wells and few deposits. We present the most representative furniture materials ordered in stratigraphic units.En el presente trabajo exponemos los nuevos datos obtenidos en las excavaciones arqueológicas llevadas a cabo en 2022 en la capital zaragozana, realizadas en el número 2 de la calle Conde de Aranda 2 yen la parte trasera del solar del número 9 de la calle del Coso. La escasa diacronía estratigráfica obtenida debido a las destrucciones de época moderna y contemporánea reduce el interés de los datos obtenidos a un estudio del material recogido en los rellenos de diversos pozos y escasos depósitos. Se presentan los materiales muebles más representativos por unidades estratigráficas

Study of the Dependence of Solar Radiation Regarding Design Variables in Photovoltaic Solar Installations with Optimal Dual-Axis Tracking

Solar tracking is an efficient strategy to increase the radiative capture of photovoltaic collectors. Within the multiple efforts made in recent decades to improve the production of these facilities, various works have studied solutions to optimize the number of rotation axes (single or dual rotation axes), the degree of collector coverage, the distances between trackers, the geometric arrangement of trackers or the minimization of shading between collectors. However, although in this type of installation it is common to find collectors with geometric shapes other than rectangles, no studies on the influence of the shape of the collectors on the radiative incidence are found in the literature. In this connection, the present work systematically addresses the study of incident solar radiation in photovoltaic installations with dual-axis trackers with collectors of different geometric shapes. By means of the exhaustive study, the conclusion is drawn that, for dual-axis photovoltaic installations with an optimal tracking strategy, the main variables that influence the annual radiative incidence are the spacing between collectors, the coverage ratio (GCR), and the collector surface, while the type of arrangement of collectors and the shape of these do not show predictive values

New Omnidirectional Sensor Based on Open-Source Software and Hardware for Tracking and Backtracking of Dual-Axis Solar Trackers in Photovoltaic Plants

In this work, an omnidirectional sensor that enables identification of the direction of the celestial sphere with maximum solar irradiance is presented. The sensor, based on instantaneous measurements, functions as a position server for dual-axis solar trackers in photovoltaic plants. The proposed device has been developed with free software and hardware, which makes it a pioneering solution because it is open and accessible as well as capable of being improved by the scientific community, thereby contributing to the rapid advancement of technology. In addition, the device includes an algorithm developed ex professo that makes it possible to predetermine the regions of the celestial sphere for which, according to the geometric characteristics of the PV plant, there would be shading between the panels. In this way, solar trackers do not have to locate the Sun’s position at all times according to astronomical models, while taking into account factors such as shadows or cloudiness that also affect levels of incident irradiance on solar collectors. Therefore, with this device, it is possible to provide photovoltaic plants with dual-axis solar tracking with a low-cost device that helps to optimise the trajectory of the trackers and, consequently, their radiative capture and energy production

Estudio de las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los concretos elaborados con cementos I. C. O., M. S. y U. G., Trujillo 2018

La presente investigación fue realizada en la ciudad de Trujillo durante el periodo de los meses de mayo a octubre del año 2018, la cual tuvo como finalidad determinar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas de los concretos elaborados con cementos tipo ICO, MS y UG, para lo cual se utilizó el mismo agregado para todos los diseños de mezcla, el cual provino de la cantera Chichinga; se realizaron los ensayos de asentamiento, temperatura, peso unitario, rendimiento y contenido de aire para el concreto en estado fresco, mientras que para el concreto en estado endurecido se realizó el ensayo de resistencia a la compresión. Esta tesis según su propósito es una investigación aplicada y según su diseño es una investigación no experimental transversal descriptiva, que tiene como población a todos los concretos elaborados con las 8 marcas de cementos seleccionadas, una muestra de 240 probetas cilíndricas de concreto en total y como unidad de estudio las 30 probetas elaboradas por marca de cemento, como técnica de recolección de datos se eligió la observación y para ello se utilizó la guía de observación, y como técnica de análisis de datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, la cual fue representada con los gráficos estadísticos correspondientes; obteniendo como resultado al cemento INKA con una resistencia a la compresión promedio de 228.44 kg/cm² como el cemento de mejor desempeño en el grupo ICO, al cemento MOCHICA con una resistencia a la compresión promedio de 278.75 kg/cm² como el cemento de mejor desempeño en el grupo MS y al cemento QUISQUEYA con una resistencia a la compresión promedio de 297.61 kg/cm² como el cemento de mejor desempeño en el grupo UG.The present investigation was carried out in the city of Trujillo during May to October of 2018, which had the purpose of determining the physical and mechanical properties of concrete made with type ICO, MS and UG cements, for which was used the same aggregate for all the mixture designs, which came from the Chichinga quarry; we tested slump, temperature, specific weight, yield and air content for the fresh concrete were carried out, while for the hardened concrete, the compression resistance test was carried out. This thesis according to its purpose is an applied research and according to its design is a descriptive cross-sectional non-experimental research, which has as a population all the concrete made with the 8 brands of selected cements, a sample of 240 cylindrical concrete specimens in total and as study unit the 30 test tubes prepared by each cement brand, as a data collection technique the observation was chosen and for this the observation guide was used, and as a data analysis technique descriptive statistics was used, which was represented with the corresponding statistical graphs; obtaining as a result the INKA cement with an average compressive strength of 228.44 kg / cm² as the best performance cement in the ICO group, the MOCHICA cement with an average compressive strength of 278.75 kg / cm² as the best performing cement in the MS group and the QUISQUEYA cement with an average compressive strength of 297.61 kg / cm² as the cement with the best performance in the UG group

Properties of Non-Structural Concrete Made with Mixed Recycled Aggregates and Low Cement Content

In spite of not being legally accepted in most countries, mixed recycled aggregates (MRA) could be a suitable raw material for concrete manufacturing. The aims of this research were as follows: (i) to analyze the effect of the replacement ratio of natural coarse aggregates with MRA, the amount of ceramic particles in MRA, and the amount of cement, on the mechanical and physical properties of a non-structural concrete made with a low cement content; and (ii) to verify if it is possible to achieve a low-strength concrete that replaces a greater amount of natural aggregate with MRA and that has a low cement content. Two series of concrete mixes were manufactured using 180 and 200 kg/m3 of CEM II/A-V 42.5 R type Portland cement. Each series included seven concrete mixes: one with natural aggregates; two MRA with different ceramic particle contents; and one for each coarse aggregate replacement ratio (20%, 40%, and 100%). To study their properties, compressive and splitting tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, density, porosity, water penetration, and sorptivity, tests were performed. The results confirmed that the main factors affecting the properties analyzed in this research are the amount of cement and the replacement ratio; the two MRAs used in this work presented a similar influence on the properties. A non-structural, low-strength concrete (15 MPa) with an MRA replacement ratio of up to 100% for 200 kg/m3 of cement was obtained. This type of concrete could be applied in the construction of ditches, sidewalks, and other similar civil works

Analysis of the Influence of Terrain Orientation on the Design of PV Facilities with Single-Axis Trackers

This paper investigates how to optimally orient the photovoltaic solar trackers of an axis parallel to the terrain, applying the sky model of Hay–Davies. This problem has been widely studied. However, the number of studies that consider the orientation (inclination and azimuth of the terrain) is very limited. This paper provides an examination of incident solar irradiance that can be extended to terrain with variable orientation and in consideration of different azimuths of the axis of rotation. Furthermore, a case study of the south of Spain is provided, considering different inclination and orientation terrain values. The results obtained in this study indicate, as a novelty, that for lands that are not south facing, the rotation axis azimuth of solar trackers should be different from zero and adjusted to the same direction as the land azimuth in order to maximize energy production. Annual energy production is sensitive to changes in the rotation axis azimuths of solar trackers (an influence of around 3% of annual energy production)