Macroalgae suspensions prepared by physical treatments: Effect of polysaccharide composition and microstructure on the rheological properties

The use of macroalgae in food products is growing due to their techno-functionality and nutritional properties. In this context, an increased understanding of the rheological properties which are relevant for manufacturing and texture is needed. Here we investigated the impact of thermal and mechanical treatments, including high pressure homogenisation (HPH), on the polysaccharide composition, microstructure, and rheological properties of brown algae Laminaria digitata suspensions (5 wt %). Monosaccharide analysis and immunolabeling of alginate in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, revealed a sequential release of different polysaccharides as result of the applied shear. Results showed that thermal treatment (70 \ub0C 1 h) and mild shear lead to suspensions of clusters of cells and release of fucoidan and laminarin into the liquid phase, conferring shear thinning properties to the suspensions. High pressure homogenisation was able to completely break the macroalgae cells, reducing particle size and releasing other soluble polysaccharides, in particular alginate, conferring gel properties (G\u27>G\u27\u27) to the suspensions. This study contributes to the knowledge of how to design sustainable, innovative and nutritious liquid/semiliquid food products containing macroalgae biomass

Debugging of Web Applications with Web-TLR

Web-TLR is a Web verification engine that is based on the well-established Rewriting Logic--Maude/LTLR tandem for Web system specification and model-checking. In Web-TLR, Web applications are expressed as rewrite theories that can be formally verified by using the Maude built-in LTLR model-checker. Whenever a property is refuted, a counterexample trace is delivered that reveals an undesired, erroneous navigation sequence. Unfortunately, the analysis (or even the simple inspection) of such counterexamples may be unfeasible because of the size and complexity of the traces under examination. In this paper, we endow Web-TLR with a new Web debugging facility that supports the efficient manipulation of counterexample traces. This facility is based on a backward trace-slicing technique for rewriting logic theories that allows the pieces of information that we are interested to be traced back through inverse rewrite sequences. The slicing process drastically simplifies the computation trace by dropping useless data that do not influence the final result. By using this facility, the Web engineer can focus on the relevant fragments of the failing application, which greatly reduces the manual debugging effort and also decreases the number of iterative verifications.Comment: In Proceedings WWV 2011, arXiv:1108.208

Ratification vote on taxonomic proposals to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (2016)

This article lists the changes to virus taxonomy approved and ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) in April 2016. Changes to virus taxonomy (the Universal Scheme of Virus Classification of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [ICTV]) now take place annually and are the result of a multi-stage process. In accordance with the ICTV Statutes (http://​www.​ictvonline.​org/​statutes.​asp), proposals submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) undergo a review process that involves input from the ICTV Study Groups (SGs) and Subcommittees (SCs), other interested virologists, and the EC. After final approval by the EC, proposals are then presented for ratification to the full ICTV membership by publication on an ICTV web site (http://​www.​ictvonline.​org/​) followed by an electronic vote. The latest set of proposals approved by the EC was made available on the ICTV website by January 2016 (https://​talk.​ictvonline.​org/​files/​proposals/​). A list of these proposals was then emailed on 28 March 2016 to the 148 members of ICTV, namely the EC Members, Life Members, ICTV Subcommittee Members (including the SG chairs) and ICTV National Representatives. Members were then requested to vote on whether to ratify the taxonomic proposals (voting closed on 29 April 2016)

Social and Emotional Learning in Preschool Settings: A Systematic Map of Systematic Reviews

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cytotoxic Acetogenins from the Roots of Annona purpurea

Annona purpurea, known in Mexico as "cabeza de negro" or "ilama", belongs to the Annonaceae family. Its roots are employed in folk medicine in several regions of Mexico. Taking that information into account, a chemical and biological analysis of the components present in the roots of this species was proposed. Our results demonstrated that the dichloromethane (DCM) extract was exclusively constituted by a mixture of five new acetogenins named annopurpuricins A-E (1-5). These compounds have an aliphatic chain of 37 carbons with a terminal \u3b1,\u3b2 unsaturated \u3b3-lactone. Compounds 1 and 2 belong to the adjacent bis-THF (tetrahydrofuran) \u3b1-monohydroxylated type, while compounds 3 and 4 belong to the adjacent bis-THF \u3b1,\u3b1'-dihydroxylated type; only compound 5 possesses a bis-epoxide system. Complete structure analysis was carried out by spectroscopy and chemical methods. All compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on three human tumor cell lines (MSTO-211H, HeLa and HepG2). Compounds 1-4 inhibited significantly the growth of HeLa and HepG2 cells, showing GI50 values in the low/subnanomolar range, while 5 was completely ineffective under the tested conditions. The investigation of the mechanism of action responsible for cytotoxicity revealed for the most interesting compound 1 the ability to block the complex I activity on isolated rat liver mitochondria (RLM)

Deciphering Adipose Tissue Extracellular Vesicles Protein Cargo and Its Role in Obesity

The extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players in metabolic disorders rising as an alternative way of paracrine/endocrine communication. In particular, in relation to adipose tissue (AT) secreted EVs, the current knowledge about its composition and function is still very limited. Nevertheless, those vesicles have been lately suggested as key players in AT communication at local level, and also with other metabolic peripheral and central organs participating in physiological homoeostasis, and also contributing to the metabolic deregulation related to obesity, diabetes, and associated comorbidities. The aim of this review is to summarize the most relevant data around the EVs secreted by adipose tissue, and especially in the context of obesity, focusing in its protein cargo. The description of the most frequent proteins identified in EVs shed by AT and its components, including their changes under pathological status, will give the reader a whole picture about the membrane/antigens, and intracellular proteins known so far, in an attempt to elucidate functional roles, and also suggesting biomarkers and new paths of therapeutic action

Neural network language models to select the best translation

The quality of translations produced by statistical machine translation (SMT) systems crucially depends on the generalization ability provided by the statistical models involved in the process. While most modern SMT systems use n-gram models to predict the next element in a sequence of tokens, our system uses a continuous space language model (LM) based on neural networks (NN). In contrast to works in which the NN LM is only used to estimate the probabilities of shortlist words (Schwenk 2010), we calculate the posterior probabilities of out-of-shortlist words using an additional neuron and unigram probabilities. Experimental results on a small Italian- to-English and a large Arabic-to-English translation task, which take into account different word history lengths (n-gram order), show that the NN LMs are scalable to small and large data and can improve an n-gram-based SMT system. For the most part, this approach aims to improve translation quality for tasks that lack translation data, but we also demonstrate its scalability to large-vocabulary tasks.Khalilov, M.; Fonollosa, JA.; Zamora-Mart Nez, F.; Castro Bleda, MJ.; España Boquera, S. (2013). Neural network language models to select the best translation. Computational Linguistics in the Netherlands Journal. (3):217-233. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/46629S217233

Callus culture development of two varieties of Tagetes erecta and carotenoid production

Background: The properties of natural pigments, such as antioxidants, functional,medical, and nutraceutical, have demonstrated the advantages of these natural compounds over synthetic ones. Some products are accepted only when they are pigmented with natural, food-quality colorants: for example poultry products (manly marigold flower extracts). Carotenoids such as \u3b2-carotene, \u3b2-criptoxanthin and lutein are very attractive as natural food colorants due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activities which provide additional value to the target products. Marigold ( Tagetes erecta ) is an Asteraceous ornamental plant native to Mexico, and it is also important as a carotenoid source for industrial and medicinal purposes but nowadays its production is destined mainly for ornamental purposes. Results: Friable callus of T. erecta yellow flower (YF) and white flower (WF) varieties was induced from leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 9.0 \u3bcM 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.8 \u3bcM benzyladenine (BA). Calluses developed from both varieties were different in pigmentation. Extract characterization from callus cultures was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This analytical process detected several carotenoids; the main pigments in extracts from YF callus were lutein and zeaxanthin, whereas in the extracts of the WF callus the main pigmentswere lutein, zeaxanthin, \u3b2-cryptoxanthin and \u3b2-carotene. Callus cultures of T. erecta accumulated pigments even after several rounds of subculture. Conclusions: WF callus appeared to be a suitable candidate as a source of different carotenoids, and tested varieties could represent an alternative for further studies about in vitro pigment production

Propuesta de innovaci?n de la actividad administrativa de fiscalizaci?n orientada a mejorar la competitividad del pa?s: el caso del Organismo de Supervisi?n de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre - OSINFOR

Seg?n el World Economic Forum (WEF) y el Institute of Management Development (IMD), el pa?s muestra poco desarrollo de la competitividad. Este aspecto involucra entre otros, al sector forestal y de fauna silvestre. El Organismo de Supervisi?n de los Recursos Forestales y de Fauna Silvestre (OSINFOR) ejerce la potestad fiscalizadora, determina si el aprovechamiento del recurso se realiza conforme a los t?tulos habilitantes y si el producto o esp?cimen es de origen legal. De esta manera, coadyuva a la trazabilidad y seguridad jur?dica en la cadena productiva. A fin de aportar a la gesti?n de la actividad administrativa de fiscalizaci?n del OSINFOR se plantea la presente tesis, cuyo objetivo general es ?Proponer un modelo de gesti?n de la actividad administrativa de fiscalizaci?n del OSINFOR, para contribuir a la mejora de la competitividad del pa?s?. Se realiz? un estudio cualitativo, revisi?n de la normativa nacional e internacional y acad?mica, entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a expertos en el sector, planteamiento de un nuevo modelo de gesti?n, estudio de viabilidad, estimaci?n de los cos tos para la fase previa a la implementaci?n de la propuesta y estimaci?n de su impacto sobre el PBI. Se concluye que la propuesta constituye una innovaci?n en la gesti?n p?blica