Coastal landslide reactivation caused by the urban development in the coastal fringe of Granada (Spain). DInSAR monitoring and damage inventory

The Marina del Este and Los Cármenes del Mar resorts, in the municipality of Almuñécar (Granada) were developed onto areas with large-dormant landslides, as they generally present a more gentle slope than adjacent stable zones. Consequently, landslides have been reactivated, as DInSAR results confirm. During the rainy winter 2009-2010, movements were accelerated. Severe damages in dwellings have been reported and some houses have been evacuated, causing a great social alarm. The present work shows the great requirement to take into account natural hazards in land-use planning and urban policy in hazardous areas in Spain, which is highly significant to protect the public from geological risksLas urbanizaciones de Marina del Este y Los Cármenes del Mar, en el municipio granadino de Almuñécar, se construyeron sobre antiguos deslizamientos costeros, aprovechando la topografía más suave que dejan las masas deslizadas. El urbanismo ha desencadenado la reactivación de los movimientos, cuyas tasas de velocidad han sido cuantificadas con técnicas DInSAR, registrando una importante aceleración durante el invierno lluvioso 2009-2010. Se han reconocido importantes daños en las viviendas, algunas de ellas ya desalojadas al presentar graves daños estructurales, lo que ha despertado una gran alarma social. El presente trabajo pone de manifiesto la imperiosa necesidad de incorporar los estudios de riesgos geológicos en la planificación urbanística y en la ordenación del territorio, asignatura pendiente de la legislación español

Nivel y relación de sedentarismo y estado nutricional de una muestra de alumnos/as de 2° a 5° básico que asisten a colegios particulares pagados en las comunas de Las Condes, Vitacura, Providencia y Lo Barnechea en el segundo semestre escolar, año 2014

Tesis (Profesor de Educación física, Licenciado en Educación)El objetivo de la presente investigación es comparar el nivel de sedentarismo, respecto al estado nutricional de una muestra de alumnos y alumnas de segundo, tercero, cuarto y quinto básico que asisten a colegios particulares pagados de las comunas de Las Condes, Vitacura, Providencia y Lo Barnechea. Esto, porque hoy en dia se sabe que los niños y niñas de Chile, Latinoamérica y a nivel mundial prefieren más los juegos de video, la televisión, computador, celulares y poca actividad fisica, independiente de si es a un nivel recreativo o competitivo. Por lo que las palabras claves, Sedentarismo y Estado Nutricional, están completamente relacionadas, ya que cualquiera que se presente, la otra estará de alguna manera influyendo en aquellos efectos que de alguna u otra forma afectan la salud y bienestar de los menores de edad. El procedimiento se dividió en dos partes. Primero: se midió y peso a los alumnos de 2º a 5º Básico y con los datos obtenidos se estimó el IMC (Indice de Masa Corporal). Los niños debían dirigirse a la enfermería en compañía de una profesora. Lugar en donde se llevó a cabo la evaluación. De esta manera se logrará saber el Estado Nutricional a nivel general en el que se encuentran los alumnos. La Segunda parte se trató de entregarles un cuestionario a los mismos niños, en donde debían responder para determinar la cantidad de veces que realizan actividad física en la semana y cuanto tiempo le dedican. Esto, para establecer el nivel de Sedentarismo

The combined use of PSInSAR and UAV photogrammetry techniques for the analysis of the kinematics of a coastal landslide affecting an urban area (SE Spain)

In the present work, the case of the Cármenes del Mar resort (Granada, Spain) is shown. It can be considered one of the most extreme examples on the Mediterranean coast of severe pathologies associated with urban development on coastal landslides. The resort, with 416 dwellings, was partially built on a deep-seated landslide which affects a soft formation composed of dark graphite schists. In November 2015, the City Council officially declared a state of emergency in the resort and 24 dwellings have already been evacuated. We have used two remote sensing techniques to monitor the landslide with the aim of identifying and measuring a wide range of displacements rates (from mm/year to m/year): (1) PSInSAR, exploiting 25 ENVISAT SAR images acquired from May 2003 to December 2009, and (2) photogrammetry, considering the output from two Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) flights made in June 2015 and January 2016 and the outdated photos from a conventional flight in 2008. The relationship between the geology of the site, data from PS deformation measurements, building displacements, rainfall and damage observed and their temporal occurrence allows a better understanding of the landslide kinematics and both the spatial and temporal evolution of the instability. Results indicate building displacements of up to 1.92 m in 8 years, a clear lithological control in the spatial distribution of damage and a close relationship between the most damaging events and water recharge episodes (rainy events and leaks from swimming pools and the water supply network). This work emphasises the need to incorporate geohazards into urban planning, including policies to predict, prepare for and prevent this type of phenomenon.Unidad de Granada, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaDepartamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada, EspañaDepartamento de Ingeniería Cartográfica, Geodesia y Fotogrametría, Universidad de Jaén, EspañaGeomatics Division, Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, EspañaDepartamento de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad de Granada, Españ

Multiband PSInSAR and long-period monitoring of land subsidence in a strategic detrital aquifer (Vega de Granada, SE Spain): An approach to support management decisions

This work integrates detailed geological and hydrogeological information with PSI data to obtain a better understanding of subsidence processes detected in the detrital aquifer of the Vega de Granada (SE Spain) during the past 13 years. Ground motion was monitored by exploiting SAR images from the ENVISAT (2003–2009), Cosmo-SkyMed (2011–2014) and Sentinel-1A (2015–2016) satellites. PSInSAR results show an inelastic deformation in the aquifer and small land surface displacements (up to −55 mm). The most widespread land subsidence is detected during the ENVISAT period (2003–2009), which coincided with a long, dry period in the region. The highest displacement rates recorded during this period (up to 10 mm/yr) were detected in the central part of the aquifer, where many villages are located. For this period, there is a good correlation between groundwater level depletion and the augmentation of the average subsidence velocity and slight hydraulic head changes (<2 m) have a rapid ground motion response. The Cosmo-SkyMed period (2011–2014) coincided with a rainy period, and the land subsidence is only concentrated in some points. Rates of average subsidence up to 11.5 mm/yr are obtained for this period and are anthropogenic in origin, being related to earthmoving works. During the Sentinel-1A monitoring period (2015–2016) most of the region showed no deformation, except for some points of unknown origin in the NE sector. A general conclusion is that there is a clear lithological control in the spatial distribution of ground subsidence; all the subsiding areas detected are located where a higher clay content was identified. Although the SE sector of the aquifer had more intense groundwater exploitation, no land subsidence processes were detected, as coarse-grained sediments predominate in the substratum. This research will contribute to the drawing-up of a management plan for the sustainable use of this strategic aquifer, taking into account critical levels of groundwater depletion to avoid land subsidence in the areas identified as vulnerable. The European Space Agency satellite Sentinel-1A could be an effective decision-making tool in the near future.Unidad de Granada, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaGeohazards InSAR Laboratory and Modeling Group, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaDepartamento de Geodinámica, Universidad de Granada, EspañaCentre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya, Españ

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Iberoamerican Reviews

Reseñas iberoamericanasIberoamerican Review

Contribución al conocimiento hidrogeológico de una depresión interna en clima Mediterráneo semiárido (Cabecera del Guadiana Menor, Cordillera Bética)

Capítulo 3 y Conclusiones escritos en inglésTesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Geodinámica. Leída el 6 de mayo de 200

Analysis of the historical precipitation in the South East Iberian Peninsula at different spatio-temporal scale: study of the meteorological drought

European Geosciences Union General Assembly (2017. Viena, Austria)Precipitation is a fundamental climate variable that has a pronounced spatial and temporal variability on a global scale, as well as at regional and sub-regional scales. Due to its orographic complexity and its latitude the Iberian Peninsula (IP), located to the west of the Mediterranean Basin between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, has a complex climate. Over the peninsula there are strong north-south and east-west gradients, as a consequence of the different low-frequency atmospheric patterns, and he overlap of these over the year will be determinants in the variability of climatic variables. In the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula dominates a dry Mediterranean climate, the precipitation is characterized as being an intermittent and discontinuous variable.Unidad de Granada, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Españ

Procesos climáticos que influyen en la recarga de acuíferos: caso de la provincia de Granada

Congress on Groundwater and Global Change in the Western Mediterranean (2017. Granada)El análisis de series hidrológicas permite determinar aspectos tan importantes en la investigación de los recursos hídricos como la ciclicidad, las tendencias o posibles alteraciones en el comportamiento observado en los registros históricos. En este contexto, el análisis espectral aporta el marco teórico adecuado para alcanzar los objetivos mencionados. El análisis espectral tiene como objetivo la identificación de componentes cíclicos en series temporales. Para ello se utiliza un modelo estructural que consiste en considerar a la serie temporal como una combinación lineal de funciones sinusoidales de periodo conocido pero de amplitud y fase desconocidas. El análisis espectral calcula la amplitud y la fase de cada onda sinusoidal en la serie temporal analizada. La amplitud está relacionada con la varianza de la serie temporal de modo que la varianza total se descompone en la varianza explicada por cada una de las ondas sinusoidales existentes. Cuando dicha varianza se representa frente a la frecuencia de los armónicos, se obtiene una representación gráfica conocida como densidad espectral. Entre las diferentes técnicas existentes, se ha empleado la de Blackman-Tukey por ser más robusta.Unidad de Granada, Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaInstituto Geológico y Minero de España, EspañaPeer reviewe

Cuantifícation of vertical flow by flowmeter in wells located in Motril-Salobreña aquifer (Granada, Southern Spain)

En el acuífero detrítico Motril-Salobreña se ha identificado y cuantificado el flujo vertical en sondeos situados en las proximidades del río Guadalfeo y los resultados se han comparado con los perfiles de temperatura obtenidos en varias campañas. El sentido de movimiento del agua que indican los perfiles de flujo obtenidos muestran una manifiesta coherencia con los múltiples registros de temperatura estudiados. Se considera que el método empleado es de interés en el estudio de sistemas río-acuífero de gran espesor como el investigadoVertical flow has been identified and quantified in surveys near the Guadalfeo River in the detrital aquifer Motril-Salobreña and the results have been compared with the temperature profiles obtained in several campaigns. The sense of water movement indicated by the obtained flow profiles shows a clear coherence with the multiple temperature loggings studied. The method used is considered of interest in the study of river-aquifer systems of great thickness as investigate