28 research outputs found

    Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

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    Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

    WTROPIC : um gerador automático de macro células CMOS acessível via WWW

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    Este trabalho apresenta a pesquisa e o desenvolvimento da ferramenta para geração automática de leiautes WTROPIC. O WTROPIC é uma ferramenta para a geração remota, acessível via WWW, de leiautes para circuitos CMOS adequada ao projeto FUCAS e ao ambiente CAVE. O WTROPIC foi concebido a partir de otimizações realizadas na versão 3 da ferramenta TROPIC. É mostrado também, como as otimizações no leiaute do TROPIC foram implementadas e como essas otimizações permitem ao WTROPIC cerca de 10% de redução da largura dos circuitos gerados em comparação ao TROPIC. Como o TROPIC, o WTROPIC é um gerador de macro células CMOS independente de biblioteca. Apresenta-se também, como a ferramenta WTROPIC foi integrada ao ambiente de concepção de circuitos CAVE, as mudanças propostas para metodologia de integração de ferramentas do CAVE que conduzem a uma melhora na qualidade de integração e a padronização das interfaces de usuário e como a síntese física de um leiaute pode ser então realizada remotamente. Dessa maneira, obteve-se uma ferramenta para a concepção de leiautes disponível a qualquer usuário com acesso a internet, mesmo que esse usuário não disponha de uma máquina com elevada capacidade de processamento, normalmente exigido por ferramentas de CAD

    Specification and design of an ethernet interface soft ip

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    The IP (Intellectual Property) for Ethernet Interface is a hardware module designed to execute the MAC (media access control) service on the Ethernet standard. The goal of this IP module is to provide an easy way to develop new devices with connection to an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network). The standard protocols used make this IP module reusable for different designs with an interface to Ethernet LANs. The Ethernet Interface IP is described and simulated in VHDL
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