The Validity of Rector’s Circular Letter on the Covid-19 Pandemic

This study aims to analyze the relevance of the ‘health emergency’ status to the existing legal theory and condition as well as to identify the validity of the Circular Letter of the Rector of State Universities. To this end, this study applied the statute and conceptual approach. The study was conducted by inventorying primary and secondary legal materials to obtain a proper and critical review of the legal issues under study. The results showed that the determination of the ‘health emergency’ status by the government was inappropriate due to the uncertainty of the regulations issued by the government to determine the current condition. Thus, the status of the COVID-19 pandemic is a ‘legal emergency’ status. Further, the Rector’s policy through the Circular Letter is valid judicially, sociologically, and philosophically. The determination of the ‘legal emergency’ status can be done by issuing a Perppu without a ‘state of emergency’ from the President. Finally, it is suggested to firstly get an approval from the Ministry of Education and Culture regarding the issuance of the Rector’s Circular Letter. Besides, further study is needed as this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keabsahan Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi dalam Pandemi Covid-19Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa relevansi status ‘darurat kesehatan’ dengan teori hukum dan kondisi yang ada dan keabsahan atas Surat Edaran Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah statute approach dan conseptual approach. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, guna mendapatkan kajian yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penetapan status darurat kesehatan oleh pemerintah kurang tepat, dikarenakan tidak menentu-nya peraturan yang dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah untuk menetapkan kondisi saat ini. Sehingga, status pandemi COVID-19 merupakan status darurat hukum. Kebijakan rektor melalui Surat Edaran adalah absah secara aspek yuridis, sosiologis, dan filosofis. Penetapan darurat hukum cukup dilakukan dengan menerbitkan Perppu tanpa pernyataan darurat dari Presiden. Saran peneliti adalah di perlukan persetujuan pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan terkait terbitnya Surat Edaran Rektor, dan dibutuhkan penelitian lebih lanjut dikarenakan penelitian ini dilakukan pada masa COVID-19 yang bersifat temporal.

The Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) of Islamic Defenders Front (FPI): Quo Vadis The Rule of Law and Human Rights?

The freedom of association is one of the fundamental rights of a country.  However, in Indonesia, the problems regarding of the legitimacy and recognition of the right to freedom of association have become stronger after the issuance of a The Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) regarding the dissolution of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). This research is a legal research. This research uses statutory and conceptual approaches by using primary and secondary legal materials. The two legal materials are inventoried in order to obtain a prescriptive legal analysis; as well as providing a holistic conceptual study of the legal issues discussed. The research result states that the dissolution of FPI by the government is an act that violates human rights, particularly the right to freedom of association. The government uses the doctrine of the militant democracy to dissolve FPI. Then, the dissolution of FPI by SKB contradicts by the principle of the rule of law. Therefore, the dissolution of FPI was not carried out through to the court. Therefore, it is necessary to follow up on the action against 'radical mass organizations' in the form of presidential regulations or government regulations as a derivative renewal of the regulations concerning mass organizations

Konsep Pluralisme Hukum Khas Indonesia sebagai Strategi Menghadapi Era Modernisasi Hukum

The purpose of this legal research is to describe the concept of Indonesian legal pluralism or Indonesian legal pluralism in facing the era of legal modernization; as well as describing the Indonesian legal pluralism strategy in integrating customary courts into the national legal system. This legal research uses a statute approach and a conceptual approach. In this legal research, the primary and secondary legal materials used are inventoried in order to obtain proper legal review; and provides a conceptual analysis of the legal issues discussed. The results of the study stated that as a novelty concept; The concept of typical Indonesian legal pluralism provides equality for the enactment of state law, transnational law and customary law so that they can run together based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in the era of legal modernization. Then, the concept of typical Indonesian legal pluralism can be used as a strategy to integrate customary justice into the national legal system through aspects of legal development. Thus, this research is expected to be useful theoretically; namely as a scientific development of customary law, and practical benefits; namely as a reference for drafting regulations on customary villages by local governments. Therefore, researchers recommend that the Indigenous Peoples Bill be a priority in the 2021 National Legislation Program (Prolegnas)

PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN BERMARTABAT DALAM PARADOKS ETIKA DAN HUKUM

  The law and ethics have a relationship between the two. However, there are often conflicts between law and ethics. This phenomenon is as happened in the case of cancellation by the State Administrative Court (PTUN) of the Presidential Decree as a follow-up to the ethical decision that is final and binding from the Election Organizing Honorary Council (DKPP). This study uses a statutory and conceptual approach by using primary and secondary legal materials. The two legal materials are inventoried to obtain a prescriptive legal analysis and provide a holistic conceptual study of the legal issues discussed. This legal research aims to analyze the position of ethics in legal instruments in Indonesia concerning infrastructure and ethical decisions and to investigate the enigma between law and ethics in one case in the perspective of a dignified justice theory. The study results show that the DKPP decision's position is equivalent to a legal court decision. On the other hand, the role of ethics in legal instruments in Indonesia is equal; and is based on the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Based on the perspective of the theory of dignified justice, the cancellation of the Presidential Decree as a follow-up to the ethical judgment of the DKPP has ‘abused’ the three legal functions. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish between Presidential Decrees, which are products of administrative law and the Presidential Decree, which is a follow-up to the decision of the DKPP ethical court. Keywords: Law and Ethics, Dignified Justice, DKPP, Ethics Court.  Hukum dan etika memiliki keterkaitan diantara keduanya. Namun, tak jarang terjadi pertentangan antara hukum dengan etika. Fenomena tersebut sebagaimana terjadi pada kasus pembatalan oleh Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) terhadap Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan etik yang bersifat final dan mengikat dari Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu (DKPP). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Kedua bahan hukum tersebut diinventarisasi untuk memperoleh analisis hukum yang bersifat preskriptif; serta memberikan studi konseptual holistik tentang masalah hukum yang dibahas. Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kedudukan etika dalam instrumen hukum di Indonesia berkenaan dengan infrastrukturisasi dan putusan etik; serta menganalisa enigma antara hukum dan etika pada suatu kasus dalam perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedudukan putusan DKPP adalah sederajat dengan putusan peradilan hukum. Di sisi lain, kedudukan norma etika dan hukum di Indonesia adalah sederajat; dan bersumber pada Undang Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia (UUD NRI) 1945. Berdasarkan perspektif teori keadilan bermartabat, pembatalan Keputusan Presiden sebagai tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik dari DKPP sejatinya telah menciderai tiga fungsi hukum. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya pembedaan antara Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan produk hukum administratif; serta Keputusan Presiden yang merupakan tindak lanjut putusan peradilan etik DKPP. Kata kunci: Hukum dan Etika, Keadilan Bermartabat, DKPP, Peradilan Etik

THE LARGE SCALE SOCIAL RESTRICTIONS POLICY FOR HANDLING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

This legal research uses a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. This research was carried out by inventorying primary and secondary materials, so as to obtain an appropriate analysis and critical review of published legal issues. The purpose of the study was to analyze the dynamics of Large Scale Social Restrictions Policies, especially regarding the Regulation of Minister of Health Number 9 of 2020and analyze various problematic PSBB policies during the pandemic. This study states that the PSBB is different from regional quarantine. On the other hand, the PSBB regulation in the Regulation of Minister of Health Number 9 of 2020  also raises doubts.Then,the Chief of Police's Declaration Mak/2/III/2020 provided strong legitimacy to strengthen the PSBB policy in terms of public compliance.The PSBB policy by the Central and Regional Governments has left various problems. Starting from material errors, contradiction of the article in the Governor's Regulation, and the Governor's Regulation which is not based on the Law above. The solution that can be done is to revise the Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 and conduct executive review of the Governor's Regulation.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIPLOMATIC LEGAL PRINCIPLES: GERMAN EMBASSY STAFF VISITING ISLAMIC DEFENDERS FRONT (FPI) HEADQUARTERS CASE

This legal research uses a conceptual approach and statue approach; by using primary and secondary legal materials. The purpose of this legal research is to describe the principles of diplomatic law and their application to the case of actions of German Embassy staff who have visited the headquarters of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). The results of this study indicate that diplomatic law is a system containing various principles of international law to regulate diplomatic relations between countries with universal approvement. Then, the development of diplomatic law is very progressive; marked by various conventions and codifications to create holistic norms. Furthermore, the actions of German Embassy staff visiting FPI headquarters cannot be justified by diplomatic law. This is because the potential acts of espionage by German Embassy staff also target the violation of the principle of non-intervention. Hence, on diplomatic law; violation of the principle of non-intervention creates persona non grata consequences

The Construction Law System and Purification of Limitation from Bawaslu’s Authority

The aim of this research is analize Article 1 number 17 of Act No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections on the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) as an election supervisory agency oriented towards monitoring the 'validity of the people's voice' and despite gaining strong legitimacy based on existing regulations. However, Bawaslu has several obstacles, including the issue of the enigma of Bawaslu's authority to give decisions related to the post-constitutional election decision from the Constitutional Court. This research methods was legal research using a conceptual approach and legislation based on three types of legal materials, namely primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and non-legal materials. The results of this legal research show that when viewed from the aspect of structure, substance, and legal culture; the expansion of Bawaslu's authority has the potential to make Bawaslu less than optimal as well as to create overlapping powers between law enforcers; therefore, the aspects of professionalism and leadership must support it. In addition, the purification of the authority of Bawaslu is essential to optimize the duties and authorities of Bawaslu so that Bawaslu does not need to focus on expanding its authority

THE DIGNIFIED JUSTICE PERSPECTIVES ON THE ENIGMA OF HEALTH PROTOCOLS COVID-19 AS A CODE OF ETHICS

Ethics and law are often related to politics, not least in the Regional Head Election (Pemilukada). However, the implementation of legal and ethical relations in political dynamics is often a matter of debate, not a code of ethics. The purpose of this study is to examine aspects of the relationship between ethics and politics in terms of legal compliance, providing a study of the validity of the COVID-19 Health protocol as a code of ethics at regional head elections from the perspective of dignified justice. This legal research uses primary and secondary legal materials with a conceptual and statutory approach. The results of the study stated that from the point of view of legal compliance, the code of ethics is an element that should be applied in political life; because the code of ethics will encourage the participants of the Pemilukada to have three main characteristics, namely compliance, identification, and internalization. Then, the perspective of dignified justice assesses the position of the COVID-19 health protocol as a code of ethics as valid and relevant to legal practice, the concept of legal reform, and the general idea of the theory of dignified justice

Imunitas Hukum Dalam Peraturan Penanggulangan Corona Virus Disease 2019

Abstrak Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerbitkan berbagai aturan sebagai upaya memberikan dasar hukum yang sah atas penanganan teknis COVID-19, antara lain Keputusan Presiden (Keppres) No. 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Penetapan Kedaruratan Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti undang-undang (Perppu) No. 1 Tahun 2020 tentang Kebijakan Keuangan Negara Dan Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan Negara Untuk Penanganan Pandemi Covid 19 Dan/Atau Dalam Rangka Menghadapi Ancaman Yang Membahayakan Perekonomian Nasional Dan/Atau Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan. Dengan adanya Keppres No. 11 Tahun 2020, Pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan status darurat kesehatan masyarakat. Namun, hal ini menimbulkan problematik, terkait status hukum yang tepat dalam masa pandemi COVID-19. Di samping itu, rumusan Pasal 27 Perppu No. 1 tahun 2020 juga meninggalkan problem, dengan Pasal 27 tersebut yang sejatinya memberikan aspek imunitas yang kuat bagi para pelaksana peraturan tersebut. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum. Penelitian hukum ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa relevansi antara penetapan status darurat kesehatan masyarakat dengan konsep hukum tata negara darurat, dan mengidentifikasi aspek imunitas dalam rumusan Pasal 27 Perppu Nomor 1 Tahun 2020. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan statute approach dan conseptual approach, dengan menginventarisasi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder agar mendapatkan analisa yang seyogianya dan telaah kritis terkait isu hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status hukum yang tepat dalam masa pandemi COVID-19 adalah darurat hukum negara, dan aspek imunitas dalam rumusan Pasal 27 Perppu bertentangan dengan sejumlah Pasal dalam UUD NRI 1945. Untuk itu, Mahkamah Konstitusi seyogyanya membatalkan Pasal 27 Perppu No. 1 Tahun 2020  The Government of Indonesia has issued various regulations in an effort to provide a legal basis for the technical handling of COVID-19, including Presidential Decree (Keppres) No. 11 of 2020 concerning Stipulation of Public Health Emergency and President Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2020 (Perppu) No. 1 of 2020 concerning State Financial Policy and Stability of the State Financial System for Handling Covid Pandemic 19 And / Or In Order To Face Threats That Harm National Economy And / Or Financial System Stability. With the Presidential Decree No. 11 of 2020, the Government of Indonesia establishes a public health emergency status. However, this raises problems, related to the proper legal status in the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the formulation of Article 27 of Perppu No. 1 of 2020 also left a problem, with Article 27 which actually provides a strong aspect of immunity for the implementers of the regulation. This type of research is legal research. This legal research aims to analyze the relevance of determining the state of public health emergency with the concept of an emergency state administration law, and identifying aspects of immunity in the formulation of Article 27 Perppu Number 1 of 2020. In this study a statute approach and conceptual approach are used, with an inventory of primary legal materials and secondary in order to get a proper analysis and critical analysis related to legal issues. The results showed that the proper legal status during the COVID-19 pandemic was state legal emergency, and the immunity aspect in the formulation of Article 27 of the Perppu contradicted with some Articles in the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945. So, The Constitutional Court must cancel the Article 27 of Perppu No. 1 of 202

The Little Vatican: Optimalisisasi DWIPA (Desa Wisata Pancasila) sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan Harmonisasi Sosial dan Toleransi

Gereja Stasi Santa Maria yang berada di Desa Kolong, Kecamatan Ngasem, Bojonegoro menjadi salah satu gereja yang unik karena selain digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah juga digunakan sebagai pusat kebudayaan masyarakat.Dengan demikian, integrasi antara agama dan budaya bisa menjadi salah suatu inisiasi dalam mewujudkan toleransi.Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan strategi integrasi agama dan budaya di masyarakat Desa Kolong, Kecamatan Ngasem, Bojonegoro dengan Gereja Stasi Santa Maria.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yuridis-normatif yang melihat berbagai peraturan hukum mengenai hak beragama dikaitkan dengan perilaku hukum masyarakat.Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini lebih menekankan pada aspek penelitian kepustakaan (library research).Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa praktik toleransi dapat dioptimalkan dengan adanya integrasi nilai-nilai budaya dengan agama serta perlunya optimalisasi Desa Wisata Pancasila sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan toleransi dan harmonisasi social di masyarakat