Problem-Based Learning to Improve 21st Century Collaborative Skills in Physical Education

Objective. This research delves into the implementation of a problem-based learning (PBL) model that aims to improve collaborative skills pertinent to the 21st century in the realm of physical education. The investigation measures the effectiveness of this approach in developing essential collaborative skills that are relevant to modern-day scenarios. The study assesses the impact of PBL on students' collaborative capabilities, providing valuable insights into the potential advantages of this pedagogical technique for nurturing vital skills crucial for success in the 21st century. Materials and methods. This study utilized a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, following the Kemmis and McTaggart methodology. The Participatory Action Research method consisted of four main stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research involved 25 students from Rumah Tahfidz Pelita Hati Klaten school. Results. According to the findings of the study, a mere 20%, or five students out of the total number of students evaluated, were able to meet the minimum competency standards (KKM) during the pre-cycle phase. However, this figure rose to 36% or nine students in cycle I, and in cycle II, the percentage of students who achieved the MCS stood at an impressive 92%, which amounts to 23 students. These results indicate a significant improvement in the academic performance of the students from pre-cycle to cycle II. Conclusions. The results obtained from the study indicate a significant improvement in the performance of students from cycle I to cycle II, thus providing evidence for the effectiveness of problem-based learning in the domain of physical education. The findings further imply that this approach fosters better teamwork and collaboration among students, thereby contributing to their overall growth and development.Objective. This research delves into the implementation of a problem-based learning (PBL) model that aims to improve collaborative skills pertinent to the 21st century in the realm of physical education. The investigation measures the effectiveness of this approach in developing essential collaborative skills that are relevant to modern-day scenarios. The study assesses the impact of PBL on students' collaborative capabilities, providing valuable insights into the potential advantages of this pedagogical technique for nurturing vital skills crucial for success in the 21st century. Materials and methods. This study utilized a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach, following the Kemmis and McTaggart methodology. The Participatory Action Research method consisted of four main stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The research involved 25 students from Rumah Tahfidz Pelita Hati Klaten school. Results. According to the findings of the study, a mere 20%, or five students out of the total number of students evaluated, were able to meet the minimum competency standards (KKM) during the pre-cycle phase. However, this figure rose to 36% or nine students in cycle I, and in cycle II, the percentage of students who achieved the MCS stood at an impressive 92%, which amounts to 23 students. These results indicate a significant improvement in the academic performance of the students from pre-cycle to cycle II. Conclusions. The results obtained from the study indicate a significant improvement in the performance of students from cycle I to cycle II, thus providing evidence for the effectiveness of problem-based learning in the domain of physical education. The findings further imply that this approach fosters better teamwork and collaboration among students, thereby contributing to their overall growth and development

A Level of Excellence of Simmental Cow Liquid Semen with Storage Media Using Ice Cube Thermos Temperature

Semen cair membutuhkan pengencer yang mampu mempertahankan kualitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas semen cair sapi Simental menggunakan pengencer CEP-3 (Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) dalam pengencer CEP-2 diganti dengan 0,4% putih telur) dan tris aminomethan kuning telur tanpa raffinosa yang disimpan dalam termos isi es batu. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Peternakan dan Perikanan Universitas Islam Lamongan. Materi penelitian adalah semen sapi simental. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen yaitu 2 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan terdiri dari P1 (CEP-3 + 20% kuning telur) dan P2 (tris aminomethan tanpa raffinosa + 30% kuning telur). Variabel yang diamati adalah motilitas, integritas membran spermatozoa dan total spermatozoa motil. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan, total spermatozoa motil diuji menggunakan Pearson’s Chi Square dengan nilai harapan 40 juta spermatozoa motil/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pengencer P1 dan P2 tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05) terhadap motilitas spermatozoa, namun berbeda nyata (p<0,05) pada lama simpan jam ke-4 dan 6 terhadap integritas membran spermatozoa yang disimpan dalam media termos isi es batu. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pengencer CEP-3 dan tris aminomethan kuning telur tanpa raffinosa mempunyai kemampuan sama dalam mempertahankan kualitas semen cair sapi simental yang disimpan dalam media termos isi es batu

Literature Review on Traditional Games' Impact on Gross Motor Skill Development In 5-6-Year-Old Children

Objectives. This study seeks to explore the potential benefits of incorporating traditional games into the routine of 5-6-year-old children, with a focus on improving their gross motor skills. By analyzing the impact of such games on their physical development, the study aims to shed light on how traditional games can be used as a tool to enhance children's overall health and well-being. Through careful observation and analysis, this study hopes to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of traditional games in promoting healthy physical activity among young children. Materials and methods. This study follows a literature review method and utilizes a Google Scholar database, with inclusion criteria such as research article type, publication within the last 5 years, and a sample consisting of 5-6-year-old children. The research data is supplemented by previous studies in the same area and the PRISMA methodology is employed for data collection. Results. The results of the study indicate that playing traditional games had a substantial influence on the enhancement of gross motor abilities in children between the ages of 5 and 6. This implies that such games may play a vital role in helping children develop their physical coordination and control, which are crucial skills for their overall growth and development. Conclusion. Empirical evidence from 10 peer-reviewed articles suggests that traditional games are an effective means of enhancing the gross motor skills of children aged 5-6 years. These games, which have been designed to cater to this age group, have proven to be instrumental in the development of motor skills in young children.Objectives. This study seeks to explore the potential benefits of incorporating traditional games into the routine of 5-6-year-old children, with a focus on improving their gross motor skills. By analyzing the impact of such games on their physical development, the study aims to shed light on how traditional games can be used as a tool to enhance children's overall health and well-being. Through careful observation and analysis, this study hopes to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of traditional games in promoting healthy physical activity among young children. Materials and methods. This study follows a literature review method and utilizes a Google Scholar database, with inclusion criteria such as research article type, publication within the last 5 years, and a sample consisting of 5-6-year-old children. The research data is supplemented by previous studies in the same area and the PRISMA methodology is employed for data collection. Results. The results of the study indicate that playing traditional games had a substantial influence on the enhancement of gross motor abilities in children between the ages of 5 and 6. This implies that such games may play a vital role in helping children develop their physical coordination and control, which are crucial skills for their overall growth and development. Conclusion. Empirical evidence from 10 peer-reviewed articles suggests that traditional games are an effective means of enhancing the gross motor skills of children aged 5-6 years. These games, which have been designed to cater to this age group, have proven to be instrumental in the development of motor skills in young children

Rancang Bangun Alat Pengupas Kulit Biji Kopi Robusta Basah dengan Sistem Penggerak Manual (Hand Pulper) untuk Industri Rumah Tangga

This research focuses on the Design and Development of a Wet Robusta Coffee Bean Peeler with a Manual Drive System (Hand Pulper) for the Home Industry. This study aimed to design a wet coffee bean skin peeler with a driving force using a manual system (hand pulper), to obtain the production capacity of a wet coffee bean skin peeler and to determine the efficiency of wet coffee skin peeling. The method used is the design method of a wet coffee peeler. Then it tests a series of engineered tools to determine the tool’s performance and identification of problems that occur to farmers when stripping coffee pods. The results of testing the tool using 1 kg of wet coffee beans take 1 minute, using a maximum diameter of wet coffee beans Ø14.38 mm, obtaining an average effective capacity of 56.14 kg/hour and a maximum fruit diameter of Ø 12.16 mm, obtained an average total effective capacity of 58.16 kg/hour and results of tool efficiency based on the maximum fruit diameter size of Ø14.38 mm obtained a presentation of an average efficiency result of 93.57% and maximum fruit diameter size of Ø12.16 mm, obtain the percentage of results of an average efficiency of 96.93%.Penelitian ini berfokus pada rancang bangun alat pengupas kulit biji kopi Robusta basah dengan sistem penggerak manual (Hand Pulper) Industri Rumah Tangga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mendesain dan merancang alat pengupas kulit biji kopi basah dengan tenaga penggerak menggunakan sistem manual (hand Pulper), mendapatkan kapasitas produksi alat pengupas kulit kopi basah, mengetahui efisiensi pengupasan kulit kopi basah. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode rancang bangun alat pengupas kulit kopi basah kemudian menguji rangkaian alat yang telah direkayasa untuk mengetahui kinerja alat tersebut, identifikasi masalah yang terjadi pada petani saat pengupasan kulit buah kopi. Hasil pengujian alat menggunakan 1 kg biji kopi basah dibutuhkan waktu 1 menit, dengan menggunakan ukuran diameter biji kopi basah maksimal Ø14.38 mm, memperoleh jumlah rata – rata kapasitas efektif sebesar 56.14 kg/jam dan ukuran diameter buah maksimal Ø 12.16 mm, memperoleh jumlah rata – rata kapasitas efektif sebesar 58.6 kg/jam dan hasil efisiensi alat berdasarkan ukuran diameter buah maksimal Ø14.38 mm memperoleh presentasi hasil efisiensi rata – rata 93.57% dan ukuran diameter buah maksimal Ø12.16 mm, memperoleh presentase hasil efisiensi rata-rata 96.93%

Literature Review on Effort-Based Development of Kinesthetic Intelligence through Learning Motion Implementation

Objectives. Kinesthetic intelligence is the cognitive ability to coordinate bodily movements with mental states in a purposeful, meaningful, and aesthetically pleasing manner. This ability can significantly influence the learning process, especially in young children, by incorporating movement into the learning model to enhance cognitive development. This research seeks to investigate the impact of implementing a movement-based learning model on the intelligence of early childhood and the process of implementing this model to improve cognitive performance. Materials and methods. Enhancing kinesthetic intelligence development in children under eight years of age requires a systematic approach. Experts recommend conducting a thorough study of relevant literature from authoritative sources such as Google Scholar, books, and web science. By using specific keywords related to the implementation and learning of motion, experts can identify research that meets specific requirements. Adhering to these recommendations can help ensure that children receive the necessary early development to enhance their kinesthetic intelligence. Results. The results of the first research group showed that implementing motion-based learning techniques is an effective way to stimulate the development of kinesthetic intelligence in very young children. Similarly, the second group found that this approach has a positive impact on the learning process. To achieve the best results, it is recommended to provide children with stimuli such as listening to songs or practicing gymnastics movements, which can provide valuable kinesthetic feedback. Conclusion. The use of measurement instruments in data collection during the learning process has been found to have a positive impact on the development of kinesthetic intelligence in young children. Providing such stimuli as listening to songs or engaging in gymnastic movements can effectively stimulate the learning process and enhance overall development.  Objectives. Kinesthetic intelligence is the cognitive ability to coordinate bodily movements with mental states in a purposeful, meaningful, and aesthetically pleasing manner. This ability can significantly influence the learning process, especially in young children, by incorporating movement into the learning model to enhance cognitive development. This research seeks to investigate the impact of implementing a movement-based learning model on the intelligence of early childhood and the process of implementing this model to improve cognitive performance. Materials and methods. Enhancing kinesthetic intelligence development in children under eight years of age requires a systematic approach. Experts recommend conducting a thorough study of relevant literature from authoritative sources such as Google Scholar, books, and web science. By using specific keywords related to the implementation and learning of motion, experts can identify research that meets specific requirements. Adhering to these recommendations can help ensure that children receive the necessary early development to enhance their kinesthetic intelligence. Results. The results of the first research group showed that implementing motion-based learning techniques is an effective way to stimulate the development of kinesthetic intelligence in very young children. Similarly, the second group found that this approach has a positive impact on the learning process. To achieve the best results, it is recommended to provide children with stimuli such as listening to songs or practicing gymnastics movements, which can provide valuable kinesthetic feedback. Conclusion. The use of measurement instruments in data collection during the learning process has been found to have a positive impact on the development of kinesthetic intelligence in young children. Providing such stimuli as listening to songs or engaging in gymnastic movements can effectively stimulate the learning process and enhance overall development. &nbsp

A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of FITT Principle In Increasing VO2 Max

Objectives. This study utilized students from the University of PGRI Semarang who were majoring in physical education and health recreation. The study aimed to apply the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) training method to design and manage physical exercise programs that would help achieve specific fitness or sports objectives. The primary focus of the study was to increase VO2 max by utilizing the FITT principle. Materials and method. The study employed a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design, specifically a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest. The research involved 160 participants and utilized the Multi Fitness Test (MFT) to measure lung capacity endurance or VO2 max. The implementation of the FITT principal treatment led to improved aerobic endurance, as evidenced by the results of the pretest and posttest. Result. The results of the paired samples test showed that the significance level is less than 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This suggests that there is a considerable impact of the FITT method on enhancing the VO2 max capacity of respondents. The study revealed an 18% increase in VO2 max capacity from the pretest to the post-test. Conclusion. The study conducted has demonstrated that implementing FITT principles in an exercise program in a systematic manner has resulted in a remarkable enhancement of VO2 max capacity. Furthermore, this model can serve as a substitute method for instructors and educators to impart knowledge and training.Objectives. This study utilized students from the University of PGRI Semarang who were majoring in physical education and health recreation. The study aimed to apply the Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type (FITT) training method to design and manage physical exercise programs that would help achieve specific fitness or sports objectives. The primary focus of the study was to increase VO2 max by utilizing the FITT principle. Materials and method. The study employed a quantitative research method with a pre-experimental design, specifically a randomized controlled trial with a pretest-posttest. The research involved 160 participants and utilized the Multi Fitness Test (MFT) to measure lung capacity endurance or VO2 max. The implementation of the FITT principal treatment led to improved aerobic endurance, as evidenced by the results of the pretest and posttest. Result. The results of the paired samples test showed that the significance level is less than 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. This suggests that there is a considerable impact of the FITT method on enhancing the VO2 max capacity of respondents. The study revealed an 18% increase in VO2 max capacity from the pretest to the post-test. Conclusion. The study conducted has demonstrated that implementing FITT principles in an exercise program in a systematic manner has resulted in a remarkable enhancement of VO2 max capacity. Furthermore, this model can serve as a substitute method for instructors and educators to impart knowledge and training

Android-Based Mobile Learning for Sports Physiology Courses at Universitas Negeri Medan

Objective. This particular research focuses on development, to enhance the learning outcomes of sports physiology courses through mobile learning. This research is primarily aimed at the field of sports science and aims to explore and implement new ways of incorporating mobile technology to improve learning outcomes. Materials and methods. The media being developed is a cutting-edge application designed to aid students in their study of sports physiology courses, both online and offline. This teaching material encompasses a range of lecture materials, including videos of learning variations, quizzes, and other instructions to support the learning process. The application is designed to function in both online and offline modes and is expected to become a viable alternative to traditional learning methods during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of application-based teaching materials for sports physiology courses. The objective is to provide online or offline access to lecture material, such as video tutorials, videos, learning variations, quizzes, and other supporting materials in exercise physiology. This approach addresses the need for learning even when face-to-face interactions are not possible. In particular, lecturers teaching futsal courses can benefit from this application, which contains all the necessary material for their students. The application is expected to enhance the learning experience and make it easier for students to access online lecture material. Conclusion. The Android-based mobile learning product was developed as a teaching aid for the sports physiology courses at the Health and Recreation Physical Education (PJKR) Study Program, at Medan State University. The product underwent a comprehensive evaluation covering the software, learning media, and visual communication. The assessment concluded that the product was highly suitable for enhancing the learning experience in sports physiology courses.Objective. This particular research focuses on development, to enhance the learning outcomes of sports physiology courses through mobile learning. This research is primarily aimed at the field of sports science and aims to explore and implement new ways of incorporating mobile technology to improve learning outcomes. Materials and methods. The media being developed is a cutting-edge application designed to aid students in their study of sports physiology courses, both online and offline. This teaching material encompasses a range of lecture materials, including videos of learning variations, quizzes, and other instructions to support the learning process. The application is designed to function in both online and offline modes and is expected to become a viable alternative to traditional learning methods during the Covid-19 pandemic. Results. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the development of application-based teaching materials for sports physiology courses. The objective is to provide online or offline access to lecture material, such as video tutorials, videos, learning variations, quizzes, and other supporting materials in exercise physiology. This approach addresses the need for learning even when face-to-face interactions are not possible. In particular, lecturers teaching futsal courses can benefit from this application, which contains all the necessary material for their students. The application is expected to enhance the learning experience and make it easier for students to access online lecture material. Conclusion. The Android-based mobile learning product was developed as a teaching aid for the sports physiology courses at the Health and Recreation Physical Education (PJKR) Study Program, at Medan State University. The product underwent a comprehensive evaluation covering the software, learning media, and visual communication. The assessment concluded that the product was highly suitable for enhancing the learning experience in sports physiology courses

Implementasi Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Narapidana Pada Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Di Tinjau Dalam Prespektif Hak Asasi Manusia

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana penerapan hak-hak narapidana sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip HAM di Lapas kelas II B Merauke. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris, dengan teknik pengumpulan data secara kepustakaan dan lapangan serta menganalisis data secara kualitatif-deskriptif. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa penerapan hak narapidana yang ada di Lapas Kelas II B Merauke dilakukan berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 1995 tentang pemasyarakatan  yang apabila ditinjau dari prespektif Hak Asasi Manusia secara garis besar telah telah terpenuhi seperti: 1) Hak Menjalankan Ibadah Sesuai Agama atau Kepercayaannya; 2) Hak Mendapat Perawatan, Baik Perawatan Rohani maupun Jasmani; 3) Hak Mendapatkan Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran; 4) Hak Mendapatkan Bahan Bacaan dan Mengikuti Siaran Media Massa Lainnya yang Tidak Dilarang; 5) Hak menyampaiakn keluhan; 6) Hak Mendapatkan Upah atau Premi Atas Pekerjaan yang Dilakukan; 7) Hak Mendapatkan Pelayanan Kesehatan dan Makanan yang Layak; 8) Hak Menerima Kunjungan Keluarga, Penasehat Hukum, atau   Orang Tertentu Lainnya; 9) Hak Mendapatkan Pengurangan Masa Pidana (Remisi); 10) Hak Mendapatkan Kesempatan Berasimilasi Termasuk Cuti Mengunjungi Keluarga; dan 11) Hak Mendapatkan Pembebasan Bersyarat.The aim of this research is to find out how prisoners' rights are implemented in accordance with human rights principles in Merauke class II B prisons. This research is a type of empirical juridical research, using library and field data collection techniques and analyzing data qualitatively-descriptively. The results of the research show that the implementation of the rights of prisoners in the Merauke Class II B prison is carried out based on the provisions of Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning corrections which, when viewed from a human rights perspective, have generally been fulfilled, such as: 1) The right to carry out worship according to religion. or his Trust; 2) The right to receive care, both spiritual and physical; 3) The right to receive education and teaching; 4) The right toobtain reading materials and participate in other mass media broadcasts that are not prohibited; 5) The right to submit complaints; 6) The right to receive wages or premiums for work performed; 7) The right to receive adequate health and food services; 8) The Right to Receive Visits from Family, Legal Counsel, or Certain Other Persons; 9) The right to receive a reduction in criminal period (remission); 10) The right to get the opportunity to assimilate including leave to visit family; and 11) The Right to Obtain Parole

Dikotomi Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif Pada Lembaga Kejaksaan dan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia

The theoretical framework of RJ as an 'open concept' provides opportunities for expanding the interpretation of RJ in the institutional practices of law enforcement officials in Indonesia, such as the prosecutor's office and the Republic of Indonesia Police. In terms of responding to these conditions, PERKAP 8/21 and PERJA 5/20 were stipulated which became injunctive norms for the implementation of RJ. However, there are several things that are worth analyzing, such as the 'process value' of RJ, so by focusing on 2 (two) problem formulations, namely first, how RJ is regulated in the Indonesian Police and Indonesian Prosecutor's Office and second, where is the dichotomy of the two policies? the?. This article is formulated with normative legal research supported by an analytical and conceptual approach, as well as a legisprudance approach. Thus, this paper presents the results that the Indonesian Police have the authority to implement RJ in PERKAP 8/21 while the Prosecutor's through PERJA 5/20. Meanwhile, using the value process idea in Ness et.al shows that the characteristics of RJ have been fulfilled by the two policies but are not specific so it is necessary to evaluate the characteristics of RJ which promote strengthening and improvement for victims and perpetrators as well as the limits of authority to implement RJ informally.Kerangka teoritis dari RJ sebagai sebuah ‘konsep terbuka’ memberikan peluang terhadap perluasan tafsir RJ dalam praktik institutional aparat penegak hukum di Indonesia seperti halnya kejaksaan dan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia. Dalam hal menyikapi kondisi tersebut, maka ditetapkan PERKAP 8/21 dan PERJA 5/20 yang menjadi sebuah norma injungtif dari pelaksanaan RJ. Namun meskipun demikian terdapat beberapa hal yang patut untuk dianalisis seperti halnya ‘process value’ dari RJ sehingga dengan berfokus pada 2 (dua) rumusan masalah yakni pertama, bagaimana pengaturan RJ pada lembaga kepolisian RI dan Kejaksaan RI serta kedua, Dimana letak dikotomi dari kedua kebijakan tersebut?. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan analisis dan konseptual, serta pendekatan perundang-undangan. Dengan demikian, tulisan ini menampilkan hasil bahwa Kepolisian RI memiliki kewenangan untuk melaksanakan RJ dalam PERKAP 8/21 sedangkan Kejaksaan melalui PERJA 5/20. Sedangkan menggunakan ide proses nilai di Ness et.al menunjukan bahwa karakteristik dari RJ telah dipenuhi dari kedua kebijakan tersebut namun tidak spesifik sehingga perlu untuk dilakukan evaluasi terhadap ciri dari RJ yang mempromosikan penguatan dan perbaikan bagi korban dan pelaku serta batasan kewenangan untuk melaksanakan RJ secara informal