38 research outputs found
The economic conditions for urban infrastructure mining: Using GIS to prospect hibernating copper stocks
An integrated review of concepts and initiatives for mining the technosphere: towards a new taxonomy
Kapitalstruktur i svenska detaljhandelsföretag âEn kvantitativ studie om variabler som förklarar kapitalstruktur
Bakgrund och problem: En central frÄga för alla företag Àr hur verksamheten ska
finansieras. Detta leder till att frÄgan om hur företags kapitalstruktur bör se ut stÀndigt Àr
aktuell, och trots mycket tidigare forskning finns inget enigt svar kring varken vad som förklarar
kapitalstrukturen eller hur det förklarar. Detaljhandeln Àr en stor och viktig bransch för Sverige,
men Àven en bransch som stÄr inför stora förÀndringar. Det Àr dÀrför av intresse att undersöka
kapitalstrukturen inom denna bransch för att ge beslutsfattare pÄ företag inom detaljhandeln
ökad förstÄelse för kapitalstruktur och dess pÄverkan pÄ verksamheten.
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie Àr att empiriskt undersöka hur de företagsspecifika variablerna
Älder, storlek, lönsamhet, tillvÀxt och tillgÄngsstruktur kan förklara kapitalstrukturen hos
svenska företag inom detaljhandeln.
Metod: Studien har upprÀttats genom en kvantitativ metod dÀr data frÄn 205 svenska
detaljhandelsföretag har hĂ€mtats för Ă„ren 2009â2017 i syfte att finna signifikanta samband
mellan den beroende variabeln och förklaringsvariablerna. För att undersöka dessa samband
anvÀnds en statistisk analysmodell i form av en multipel regressionsmodell. För att tolka och
analysera de samband som studien finner görs kopplingar till studiens referensram, vilken
bestÄr av teori och tidigare forskning inom kapitalstruktur.
Resultat och slutsatser: Resultatet i studien visar att tvÄ av fem mothypoteser kan accepteras.
Dessa Àr lönsamhet och tillvÀxt och visar att det existerar signifikanta samband som innebÀr att
skuldsÀttningen minskar med ökad lönsamhet samt att skuldsÀttningen ökar med ökad tillvÀxt
i svenska detaljhandelsföretag. Nollhypotesen för tillgÄngsstruktur accepteras dÄ den visar pÄ
ett signifikant negativt samband, vilket innebÀr att variabeln delvis förklarar kapitalstrukturen
men i motsatt riktning. Den multipla regressionsanalysen visar pÄ en liten, men dock signifikant
förklaringsgrad, vilket indikerar att den valda modellen endast kan förklara kapitalstrukturen i
svenska detaljhandelsföretag till viss del. UtifrÄn dessa resultat kan slutsatsen dras att
förklaringsvariablerna lönsamhet, tillvÀxt och tillgÄngsstruktur med statistisk signifikans kan
sÀgas bidra till att förklara kapitalstrukturen i svenska detaljhandelsföretag.
Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Med anledning av den lÄga förklaringsgraden Àr vidare studier
inom omrÄdet önskvÀrda. Ett alternativ Àr att inkludera ytterligare variabler i denna studies
modell för att se om starkare samband kan finnas. Andra riktningar Àr att undersöka om den
heterogenitet som finns i detaljhandelsbranschen pÄverkar, vilket kan hanteras genom att dela
in branschen i underbranscher som undersöks. En tredje riktning Àr att försöka sÀrskilja de
företag som Àr fristÄende alternativt moderbolag för att se om detta har nÄgon pÄverkan dÄ
dotterbolag inte har full kontroll över sin kapitalstruktur
A new dawn for buried garbage? : An investigation of the marketability of previously disposed shredder waste
This paper examines the market potential of disposed shredder waste, a resource that is increasingly emphasized as a future mine. A framework with gate requirements of various outlets was developed and contrasted with a pilot project focusing on excavated waste from a shredder landfill, sorted in an advanced recycling facility. Only the smallest fraction by percentage had an outlet, the metals (8%), which were sold according to a lower quality class. The other fractions (92%) were not accepted for incineration, as construction materials or even for re-deposition. Previous studies have shown similar lack of marketability. This means that even if one fraction can be recovered, the outlet of the other material is often unpredictable, resulting in a waste disposal problem, which easily prevents a landfill mining project altogether. This calls for marketability and usability of deposited waste to become a central issue for landfill mining research. The paper concludes by discussing how concerned actors can enhance the marketability, for example by pre-treating the disposed waste to acclimatize it to existing sorting methods. However, for concerned actors to become interested in approaching unconventional resources such as deposited waste, greater regulatory flexibility is needed in which, for example, re-deposition could be allowed as long as the environmental benefits of the projects outweigh the disadvantages.Funding agencies: Swedish Innovation Agency, VINNOVA</p
A NEW DAWN FOR THE BURIED GARBAGE? : AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MARKETABILITY FOR PREVIOUSLY DISPOSED WASTE
This paper examines the market potential of disposed waste, a resource that is increasingly emphasized as a future mine. A framework with gate requirements of various outlets was developed and contrasted with excavated waste sorted in an advanced recycling facility. Only the smallest fraction by percentage had an outlet, the metals (8%), which were sold according a lower quality class. The other fractions (92%) were not accepted for incineration, construction materials or even re-deposition. Previous studies have shown similar lack of marketability. This means that even if one fraction can be recovered, the outlet of the other material is often unpredictable, resulting in a waste disposal problem, which easily prevents a landfill mining project altogether. However, the potential in landfills could better be exploited if technology and regulations adapts to disposed garbage.Deponier som gruvo
Resource and Climate Implications of Landfill Mining A Case Study of Sweden
This study analyzes the amount of material deposited in Swedish municipal solid waste landfills, how much is extractable and recyclable, and what the resource and climate implications are if landfill mining coupled with resource recovery were to be implemented in Sweden. The analysis is based on two scenarios with different conventional separation technologies, one scenario using a mobile separation plant and the other using a more advanced stationary separation plant. Further, the approach uses Monte Carlo simulation to address the uncertainties attached to each of the different processes in the scenarios. Results show that Swedens several thousand municipal landfills contain more than 350 million tonnes (t) of material. If landfill mining combined with resource recovery is implemented using a contemporary stationary separation plant, it would be possible to extract about 7 million t of ferrous metals and 2 million t of nonferrous metals, enough to meet the demand of Swedish industry for ferrous and nonferrous metals for three and eight years, respectively. This study further shows that landfill mining could potentially lead to the equivalent of a one-time reduction of about 50 million t of greenhouse gas emissions (carbon-dioxide equivalents), corresponding to 75% of Swedens annual emissions
A NEW DAWN FOR THE BURIED GARBAGE? : AN INVESTIGATION OF THE MARKETABILITY FOR PREVIOUSLY DISPOSED WASTE
This paper examines the market potential of disposed waste, a resource that is increasingly emphasized as a future mine. A framework with gate requirements of various outlets was developed and contrasted with excavated waste sorted in an advanced recycling facility. Only the smallest fraction by percentage had an outlet, the metals (8%), which were sold according a lower quality class. The other fractions (92%) were not accepted for incineration, construction materials or even re-deposition. Previous studies have shown similar lack of marketability. This means that even if one fraction can be recovered, the outlet of the other material is often unpredictable, resulting in a waste disposal problem, which easily prevents a landfill mining project altogether. However, the potential in landfills could better be exploited if technology and regulations adapts to disposed garbage.Deponier som gruvo
Landfill mining : a review of three decades of research
Landfills have historically been seen as the ultimate solution for storing waste at minimum cost. It is now a well-established fact however that such deposits have related implications such as long-term methane emissions, local pollution concerns and limitations on urban development. Landfill mining has been suggested as a strategy to address such resource and pollution problems and in principle means the excavation, processing, treatment and/or recycling of deposited materials. This study involves a literature review on landfill mining covering an analysis of trends, objectives and research topics in 39 papers published during the period 1988â2008. The results show that so far landfill mining has primarily been seen as a way to solve traditional waste management issues such as lack of landfill space or facilitation of final closure and remediation of waste deposits. Although most initiatives also have involved some effort to recover deposited resources (primarily cover soil material), such constituents have been largely secondary. Typically, simple soil excavation and screening equipment have therefore been applied, often demonstrating moderate performance in obtaining marketable recyclables. Several worldwide changes and recent research findings however indicate the emergence of a new perspective on landfills as future reservoirs for resource extraction. Although the potential of this approach appears gigantic, it is argued that facilitating implementation also involves a number of challenges in terms of technology innovation, concepts for realization and frameworks for evaluating economic and environmental performance
Relationship Between Adolescents Frequency of Delinquent Behaviour, Externalized and Internalized Behaviour
Ć Ä« pÄtÄ«juma mÄrÄ·is ir noskaidrot delinkventas uzvedÄ«bas bieĆŸuma, eksternalizÄtas un internalizÄtas uzvedÄ«bas saistÄ«bu un ĆĄo saistÄ«bu ar attiecÄ«bu viedoĆĄanas problÄmÄm vienaudĆŸu vidĆ«. PÄtÄ«juma izlasi veido 62 pusaudĆŸi vecumÄ no 15-18 gadiem (vidÄjais vecums = 16,5). Izlase sastÄv no 31 meitenes un 31 zÄna . Lai noskaidrotu pusaudĆŸu uzvedÄ«bas problÄmas tika pielietota Ahenbaha JaunieĆĄu PaĆĄnovÄrtÄjuma aptauja (Youth Self Report; YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001). Delinkventas uzvedÄ«bas bieĆŸuma noteikĆĄanai tika izmantota Delinkventas UzvedÄ«bas BieĆŸuma aptauja (Frequency of Delinquent Behavior, Dahlberg, Toal & Behrens, 1998). PÄtÄ«juma rezultÄti atklÄj, ka delinkventas uzvedÄ«bas bieĆŸums pozitÄ«vi saistÄs gan ar internalizÄtÄm gan eksternalizÄtÄm uzvedÄ«bas problÄmÄm gan ar vienaudĆŸu attiecÄ«bu veidoĆĄanas problÄmÄm.The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between the frequency of delinquent behavior, internalized and externalized behavioral problems, and relationship building problems among young people. The sample of the study consists of 62 adolescents aged 15-18 (mean age 16,5). The sample consists of 31 girls and 31 boys. The Ahenbach Youth Self Report questionnaire (YSR; Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001) was used to identify adolescent behavioral problems. The Frequency of Delinquent Behavior Survey (Dahlberg, Toal & Behrens, 1998) was used to determine the frequency of delinquent behavior. The results of the study reveal that the frequency of delinquent behavior is positively related to both internalized and externalized behavioral problems and peer-relationship building problems