Weight gain during acute treatment of an initial pulmonary exacerbation is associated with a longer interval to the next exacerbation in adults with cystic fibrosis

Weight gain during treatment for a cystic fibrosis exacerbation http://ow.ly/f1zl30dU9AO

Measures of body habitus are associated with lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis: a population-based study

Background Body habitus differences may explain some of the variation in lung function between individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that measures of lean muscle mass and obesity are independently associated with lung function in CF. Methods Cross-sectional study design using UK CF registry data from 2096 clinically stable adults. Results Serum creatinine and BMI were positively and independently associated with FEV1 and FVC. One standard deviation increment in serum creatinine was associated with an FEV1 increase of 171 ml (95% confidence intervals CI: + 116 to + 227 ml) in males and 90 ml (95% CI: + 46 to + 133 ml) in females. Compared to the reference group of 20–24.9 kg/m2, those with a BMI < 20 kg/m2 had lower FEV1 with values of − 642 ml (95%CI: − 784 to − 500 ml) for males and − 468 ml (95%CI: − 564 to − 372 ml) for females. Conclusions Prospective studies and controlled trials are required to ascertain if these associations have therapeutic potential in modifying disease progression

Offspring Production among the Extended Relatives of Samoan Men and Fa'afafine

Androphilia refers to sexual attraction to adult males, whereas gynephilia refers to sexual attraction to adult females. Male androphilia is an evolutionary paradox. Its development is at least partially influenced by genetic factors, yet male androphiles exhibit lower reproductive output, thus raising the question of how genetic factors underlying its development persist. The sexual antagonism hypothesis posits that the fitness costs associated with genetic factors underlying male androphilia are offset because these same factors lead to elevated reproduction on the part of the female relatives of androphilic males. Western samples drawn from low fertility populations have yielded inconsistent results when testing this hypothesis. Some studies documented elevated reproduction among the matrilineal female kin of androphilic males, whereas others found such effects in the paternal line. Samoa is a high-fertility population in which individuals reproduce closer to their maximum capacities. This study compared the reproductive output of the paternal and maternal line grandmothers, aunts, and uncles of 86 Samoan androphilic males, known locally as fa'afafine, and 86 Samoan gynephilic males. Reproductive output was elevated in the paternal and maternal line grandmothers, but not aunts or uncles, of fa'afafine. These findings are consistent with the sexual antagonism hypothesis and suggest that male androphilia is associated with elevated reproduction among extended relatives in both the maternal and paternal line. Discussion focuses on how this study, in conjunction with the broader literature, informs various models for the evolution of male androphilia via elevated reproduction on the part of female kin

Measures of body habitus are associated with lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis: A population-based study ☆

Abstract Background: Body habitus differences may explain some of the variation in lung function between individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF). We tested the hypothesis that measures of lean muscle mass and obesity are independently associated with lung function in CF. Methods: Cross-sectional study design using UK CF registry data from 2096 clinically stable adults. Results: Serum creatinine and BMI were positively and independently associated with FEV 1 and FVC. One standard deviation increment in serum creatinine was associated with an FEV 1 increase of 171 ml (95% confidence intervals CI: + 116 to + 227 ml) in males and 90 ml (95% CI: + 46 to + 133 ml) in females. Compared to the reference group of 20-24.9 kg/m 2 , those with a BMI b 20 kg/m 2 had lower FEV 1 with values of − 642 ml (95%CI: − 784 to − 500 ml) for males and − 468 ml (95%CI: − 564 to − 372 ml) for females. Conclusions: Prospective studies and controlled trials are required to ascertain if these associations have therapeutic potential in modifying disease progression

How well do line drawings depict shape?

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Sample sizes (n), means (M), standard deviations (SD), t-values (t), degrees of freedom (df), p-values (p), and effect sizes (Cohen's d) pertaining to comparisons of numbers of offspring produced by the paternal and maternal line grandmothers, aunts, and uncles of Samoan fa'afafine versus gynephilic males.

a<p>Degrees of freedom adjusted based on Levene's test for equality of variances: <i>F</i> = 10.80, <i>p</i> = .001.</p>b<p>Degrees of freedom adjusted based on Levene's test for equality of variances: <i>F</i> = 6.09, <i>p</i> = .015.</p>c<p>Two-tailed <i>p</i>-value.</p