Synovial giant cell tumor of the knee

Tumor gigantocelular sinovial é uma neoplasia benigna, raramente sendo relatada na forma de metástase maligna. A localização mais comum de ocorrer um tumor gigantocelular sinovial é na mão e as mais infrequentes são tornozelo e joelho. No presente estudo os autores têm como objetivo descrever um caso raro de tumor gigantocelular sinovial localizado no joelho e o tratamento escolhido. A artroscopia demonstrou, nesse caso, ser o método ideal para o tratamento da lesão, uma vez que permitiu abordagem pouco agressiva e, ao mesmo tempo, boa visualização de todos os compartimentos da articulação do joelho e a completa ressecção do tumor.Synovial giant cell tumor is a benign neoplasm, rarely reported in the form of malignant metastasis. Synovial giant cell tumor most frequently occurs on the hand, and, most uncommon, on the ankle and knee. In the present study, the authors describe a rare case of synovial giant cell tumor on the knee as well as the treatment approach. Arthroscopy has been shown, in this case, to be the optimal method for treating this kind of lesion, once it allowed a less aggressive approach, while providing good visualization of all compartments of knee joint and full tumor resection

Comparison between the results achieved in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with two kinds of autologous grafts: patellar tendon versus semitendinous and gracilis

OBJECTIVE: this study aims to compare the arthrometric and isokinetic examination results from two types of autologous grafts: the central third of the patellar ligament and a graft formed by the tendons of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles, within the same rehabilitation protocol, six months after the surgery. METHODS: the results from examinations carried out on 63 patients were analyzed. These patients were divided in two groups: one group of 30 patients who received a patellar tendon graft and another group of 33 patients who received a graft from the tendons of the semitendinosus and gracilis muscles. Both the grafts were attached in the same way, with EndobuttonTM for suspensory fixation to the femur and a bioabsorbable interference screw for fixation in the tibial tunnel. RESULTS: arthrometry 30 did not present any statistical difference between the two study groups. On the other hand, the isokinetic evaluation showed that the patellar tendon group had a larger mean peak torque of flexion and greater extension deficit, while the semitendinosus/gracilis group had a better mean flexion/extension ratio and greater percentage of flexion deficit. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups when measuring peak torque extension. CONCLUSION: therefore, when the patellar tendon was used, there was greater extensor deficit and, when the semitendinosus/gracilis tendons were used, there was greater flexor deficit.OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar os resultados da artrometria e do exame isocinético entre dois tipos de enxertos autólogos: o terço central do ligamento patelar e o formado pelos tendões dos músculos semitendíneo e grácil, dentro de um mesmo protocolo de reabilitação no sexto mês pós-operatório. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados os resultados obtidos dos exames realizados em 63 pacientes divididos em dois grupos. Em um grupo de 30 pacientes, utilizou-se o tendão patelar como enxerto e em outro grupo de 33 pacientes, utilizou-se o tendão dos músculos semitendíneo e grácil. Ambos os enxertos foram fixados da mesma forma, com EndobuttonTM para fixação suspensória no fêmur e um parafuso de interferência bioabsorvível para fixação no túnel tibial. RESULTADOS: A artrometria 30 não apresentou diferença estatística entre os dois grupos observados. Já na avaliação isocinética, constatou-se que o grupo de tendão patelar possui em média maior pico de torque de flexão e maior déficit de extensão e o grupo de flexores possui, em média, melhor relação flexão/extensão e maior déficit de flexão percentual. Não há diferença estatística significante entre os grupos quanto à medida de pico de torque de extensão. CONCLUSÃO: portanto, no presente estudo, quando o tendão patelar é utilizado, há maior déficit extensor e quando são utilizados os tendões flexores, há maior déficit flexor.UNIFESP-EPM Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaCentro de Ortopedia e Reabilitação no Esporte Centro de EstudosFMUSP Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

A study on the diagnostic accuracy of the arthrometer KT1000TM in anterior cruciate ligament injuries

The main objective of this study was to verify the sensitiveness of the Electronic Arthrometer KT-1000TM in detecting ACL injuries. Thirty-six patients with knee sprain history and clinical tests compatible to ACL injury were evaluated. Group 1 was composed of 18 patients evaluated within less than four weeks after the sprain episode. Group 2 (two) was formed by 18 patients evaluated within more than 4 (four) weeks after the sprain episode. Both Groups were submitted to arthrometric (KT-1000TM) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) evaluation. After the analysis of data obtained from imaging and arthrometric evaluations, the patients were submitted to arthroscopic procedures for injury evaluation and treatment, enabling the comparison of arthroscopic findings to the results of arthrometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The diagnostic accuracy of the arthrometer KT-1000 TM was 100% for both groups, with the most sensible test regarding the presence of ACL injury being the Maximum Manual Traction Test. The diagnostic accuracy of the magnetic resonance imaging test was 94.4% for Group 1 and 100% for Group 2.Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal averiguar a sensibilidade do Artrômetro Eletrônico KT-1000TM, na detecção das lesões do LCA. Foram avaliados 36 pacientes com histórico de entorse do joelho e exame clínico compatível com lesão do LCA. Os pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos. O Grupo 1 foi composto por 18 pacientes avaliados com menos de quatro semanas após o episódio do entorse. O Grupo 2 (dois) foi composto por 18 pacientes avaliados com mais de 4 (quatro) semanas após o episódio de entorse. Ambos os Grupos realizaram avaliação artrométrica (KT-1000TM) e avaliação pela ressonância magnética (RM). Após a análise dos dados obtidos pelas avaliações de imagem e Artrométrica, os pacientes foram submetidos a procedimentos artroscópicos para avaliação e tratamento da lesão, permitindo a comparação dos achados artroscópicos com os resultados da artrometria e da Ressonância Magnética. A precisão diagnóstica do artrômetro KT-1000TM foi de 100% em ambos os grupos, sendo que o teste mais sensível à presença de lesão do LCA foi o Teste de Tração Manual Máxima. A precisão diagnóstica da avaliação pela ressonância magnética foi de 94,4% no Grupo 1 e de 100% no grupo 2.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaCentro de Ortopedia e Reabilitação no Esporte do Hospital do CoraçãoUniversidade de São Paulo Instituto de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaHospital Santa MarcelinaCentro de Estudos do Centro de Ortopedia e Reabilitação no Esporte do Hospital do CoraçãoUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

A manual method to obtain platelet rich plasma

OBJECTIVE:This study is to report a manual method to obtain platelet rich plasma (PRP).METHODS:For this study 61 ml of peripheral blood was obtained and submitted to centrifugation at 541g for 5 min. The centrifugation separates the blood into three components: red blood cells, buffy coat and platelet rich plasma. Blood and platelet rich plasma samples were sent to the Hospital's Laboratory and platelets and leukocytes were measured.RESULTS:A sample of 637 blood donors was evaluated. The platelet yield efficiency was 86.77% and the increase in platelet concentration factor was 2.89 times. The increase in leukocyte concentration factor was 1.97 times.CONCLUSION:The method described here produces leukocyte-rich and platelet-rich plasma with a high platelet and leukocyte increased factor.Level of Evidence IV, Controlled Laboratory Study.Hospital do Coração Knee InstituteUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologyUNIFESP, EPM, Department of Orthopedics and TraumatologySciEL

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Controlled, randomized study of dynamic postural stability in healthy individuals following sensory-motor training carried out on the ground and in water

Introdução: Tem se afirmado que não há a possibilidade de haver melhora da estabilidade dinâmica postural utilizando exercícios na água, isto é, onde a gravidade apresenta-se diminuída. Neste estudo randomizado e controlado avaliamos e comparamos a estabilidade dinâmica postural em indivíduos saudáveis que realizaram exercícios sensório-motor no solo ou na água. Métodos: Através do Biodex Balance System®, foram avaliados os limites de estabilidade postural, antes e após um programa de exercícios, de 60 indivíduos saudáveis do sexo masculino divididos em 3 grupos (solo, piscina e controle). Os indivíduos dos grupos solo e piscina realizaram um treinamento sensório-motor por 2 meses no solo e na água respectivamente; o grupo controle não realizou nenhum tipo de exercício. Resultados: 1) Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na estabilidade dinâmica entre o grupo solo e controle; 2) Foram encontradas diferenças significativas na estabilidade dinâmica entreo grupo piscina e controle; 3) Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre o grupo solo e piscina. Conclusões: realizar exercícios sensório-motor melhora a estabilidade postural em indivíduos saudáveis do sexo masculino, sem diferenças significativas entre os ambientes de treino (solo e água) comparadosIntroduction: It has been stated that there is no way to improve dynamic postural stability using exercises in water, i.e. where there is reduced gravity. In this controlled, randomized study, we evaluate and compare postural dynamic stability in healthy individuals who performed sensory-motor exercises on the ground or in water. Methods: Through the Biodex Balance System®, the limits of postural stability were evaluated before and after a program of exercises, in 60 healthy males, divided into three groups (ground, swimming pool and control). The individuals in the ground and swimming pool groups carried out sensorial-motor training for two months, on the ground and in the water, respectively; the control group did not perform any kind of exercises. Results: 1) Significant differences were found in dynamic stability between the ground and control groups; 2) Significant differences were found in dynamic stability between the swimming pool and control groups; 3) No significant differences were found between the ground and swimming pool groups. Conclusions: performing sensory-motor exercises improves postural stability in healthy males, without significant differences between the training environments (ground and water) compared in this stud