Participación política versus participación electoral

Comunicación presentada al III Congreso de Sociologia. Area de Ciencia Política. Donostia 1989.Aunque la expresión participación política pueda aludir a realidades muy diversas, la mayor parte de las veces la encontramos, tanto en contextos académicos como cotidianos, haciendo referencia a participación electoral. El proceso de identificación de ambos conceptos ha sido tal, que incluso a la hora de diseñar estudios de opinión pública sobre participaci6n en general, se plantea un problema terminológico para Xograr que el entrevistado no reduzca la expresión participación política al voto, Sin que sea éste el lugar adecuado para entrar a explicar cómo se ha producido esta asimilación, son obvias algunas de las razones que han llevado a la misma, tanto desde el punto de vista del sistema politico (mecanisrno de participación mis imprescindible y menos conflictivo para su funcionamiento), como del ciudadano (influencia más clara y con menor costo en el proceso de toma de decisiones), o del investigador (medición más sencilla). El objetivo de esta comunicación es hablar de alguna de las otras formas de participación política, y hacer un primer análisis sobre las semejanzas y las diferencias que existen entre las pautas de comportamiento politico electoral y no electoral.Peer reviewe

Accordion music from the heart: dynamic coronary artery compression.

A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with unstable angina. During her last holidays, she had suffered an anterior myocardial infarction (MI). Her available medical records described a totally occluded mid left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery treated with two overlapped stents. The new coronarography revealed a very tight systolic coronary stenosis at the proximal edge of the stents, secondary to severe dynamic shortening of the LAD in an accordion-like fashion.pre-print1757 K

Transcervical carotid stenting with internal carotid artery flow reversal: Feasibility and preliminary results

ObjectiveTransfemoral carotid artery stenting (CAS), with or without distal protection, is associated with risk for cerebral and peripheral embolism and access site complications. To establish cerebral protection before crossing the carotid lesion and to avert transfemoral access complications, the present study was undertaken to evaluate a transcervical approach for CAS with carotid flow reversal for cerebral protection.MethodsFifty patients underwent CAS through a transcervical approach. All patients with symptoms had greater than 60% internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis, and all patients without symptoms had greater than 80% ICA stenosis. Twenty-one patients (42%) had symptomatic disease or ipsilateral stroke, and 8 patients (16%) had contralateral stroke. Four patients (8%) had recurrent stenosis, 7 patients (14%) had contralateral ICA occlusion, and 1 patient (2%) had undergone previous neck radiation. Twenty-seven procedures (54%) were performed with local anesthesia, and 23 (46%) with general anesthesia. Using a cervical cutdown, flow was reversed in the ICA by occluding the common carotid artery and establishing a carotid–jugular vein fistula. Pre-dilation was selective, and 8-mm to 10-mm self-expanding stents were deployed and post-dilated with 5-mm to 6-mm balloons in all cases.ResultsThe procedure was technically successful in all patients, without significant residual stenoses. No strokes or deaths occurred. There was 1 wound complication (2%). All patients were discharged within 2 days of surgery. Mean flow reversal time was 21.4 minutes (range, 9-50 minutes). Carotid flow reversal was not tolerated in 2 patients (4%). Early in the experience, carotid flow reversal was not possible in 1 patient, and there were 1 major and 3 minor common carotid artery dissections, which resolved after stent placement. One intraoperative transient ischemic attack (2%) occurred in 1 patient in whom carotid flow was not reversed, and 1 patient with a contralateral ICA occlusion had a contralateral transient ischemic attack. At 1 to 12 months of follow-up, all patients remained asymptomatic, and all but 1 stent remained patent.ConclusionTranscervical CAS with carotid flow reversal is feasible and safe. It can be done with the patient under local anesthesia, averts the complications of the transfemoral approach, and eliminates the increased complexity and cost of cerebral protection devices. Transcervical CAS is feasible when the transfemoral route is impossible or contraindicated, and may be the procedure of choice in a subset of patients in whom carotid stenting is indicated

Low molecular weight heparin versus oral anticoagulants in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) could be equal or more effective than conventional oral anticoagulants (OAs) in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Methods: One hundred fifty-eight patients with symptomatic DVT of the lower limbs confirmed by means of duplex ultrasound scan were randomized to receive 3 to 6 months' treatment with nadroparine calcium or acenocoumarol. Quantitative and qualitative duplex scan scoring systems were used to study the evolution of thrombosis in both groups at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: During the 12-month surveillance period, two (2.5%) of the 81 patients who received LMWH and seven (9%) of the 77 patients who received OAs had recurrence of venous thrombosis (not significant). In the LMWH group no cases of major bleeding were found, and four cases (5.2%) occurred in the OA group (not significant). The mortality rate was nine (11.1%) in the LMWH group and 7.8% in the OA group (not significant). The quantitative mean duplex scan score decreased in both groups during the follow-up and had statistical significance after long-term LMWH treatment on iliofemoral DVT (1, 3, 6, and 12 months), femoropopliteal DVT (1-3 months), and infrapopliteal DVT (first month). Duplex scan evaluation showed that the rate of venous recanalization significantly increased in the common femoral vein at 6 and at 12 months and during each point of follow-up in the superficial and popliteal veins in the LMWH group. Reflux was significantly less frequent in communicating veins after LMWH treatment (17.9% vs 32.2% in the OA group). The reflux rates in the superficial (22.4% in the LMWH group, 30.6% in OA group) and deep (13.4% vs 17.7%) venous system showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusions: The unmonitored subcutaneous administration of nadroparine in fixed daily doses was more effective than oral acenocoumarol with laboratory control adjustment in achieving recanalization of leg thrombi. With nadroparine, there was less late valvular communicating vein insufficiency, and it was at least as efficacious and safe as oral anticoagulants after long-term administration. These results suggest that LMWHs may therefore represent a real therapeutic advance in the long-term management of DVT. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:77-90.

Protagonistas y espectadores. Una mirada longitudinal sobre la juventud española

Producción CientíficaProtagonistas y espectadores es una publicación que consta de dos volúmenes. El primero de ellos, Una mirada longitudinal sobre la juventud española, da respuesta a cómo los jóvenes han ido reaccionado a los hitos históricos de los últimos cuarenta años desde las diferentes dimensiones que configuran la condición juvenil: valores, la participación política, la cultura digital, el ocio y tiempo libre o las transiciones a la vida adulta.Departamento de Sociología y Trabajo Socia

Abnormal functional connectivity in radiologically isolated syndrome: A resting-state fMRI study

Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) patients might have psychiatric and cognitive deficits, which suggests an involvement of major resting-state functional networks. Notwithstanding, very little is known about the neural networks involved in RIS. Objective: To examine functional connectivity differences between RIS and healthy controls using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Methods: Resting-state fMRI data in 25 RIS patients and 28 healthy controls were analyzed using an independent component analysis; in addition, seed-based correlation analysis was used to obtain more information about specific differences in the functional connectivity of resting-state networks. Participants also underwent neuropsychological testing. Results: RIS patients did not differ from the healthy controls regarding age, sex, and years of education. However, in memory (verbal and visuospatial) and executive functions, RIS patients’ cognitive performance was significantly worse than the healthy controls. In addition, fluid intelligence was also affected. Twelve out of 25 (48%) RIS patients failed at least one cognitive test, and six (24.0%) had cognitive impairment. Compared to healthy controls, RIS patients showed higher functional connectivity between the default mode network and the right middle and superior frontal gyri and between the central executive network and the right thalamus (pFDR < 0.05; corrected). In addition, the seed-based correlation analysis revealed that RIS patients presented higher functional connectivity between the posterior cingulate cortex, an important hub in neural networks, and the right precuneus. Conclusion: RIS patients had abnormal brain connectivity in major resting-state neural networks and worse performance in neurocognitive tests. This entity should be considered not an “incidental finding” but an exclusively non-motor (neurocognitive) variant of multiple sclerosis.Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del ComportamientoFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu