Aplicaciones de calcio y boro aumentan la producción de híbridos de tomate Italiano (Solanum lycopersicum) en dos temporadas de cultivo

1 recurso en línea (páginas 82-93).The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of boron soil treatments and the frequency of calcium applications on the flowering, agronomic performance, and incidence of blossom end rot in Italian tomato hybrids grown in conventional systems during two growing seasons. Two experiments were carried out in the experimental area of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen campus (Brazil) during 2012 and 2013. A randomized block experiment design was used in a 2×2×3×3 factorial scheme with two hybrids (San Vito and Netuno) in two growing seasons (Spring-Summer and Summer-Fall), three boron doses (0.0, 2.0, or 4.0 g/hole), and three frequencies of calcium application (absence of application, weekly, or biweekly application) with four replicates. The seedlings were transplanted on September 4, 2012 for the Spring-Summer growing season and on January 26, 2013 for the Summer-Fall growing season. The Netuno hybrid was more productive in comparison to the San Vito hybrid, but more susceptible to blossom end rot. Both growing seasons can be recommended for Italian tomato production in Rio Grande do Sul although the Spring-Summer growing season was more productive than the Summer-Fall growing season. The biweekly application frequency of 0.6% CaCl2 was the best option for fertilizer management, resulting in higher yields and a lower number of fruits with an incidence of blossom end rot. The increment of the boron dose defined the higher number of fruits per plant and yield increase.El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de tratamientos de boro edáfico y frecuencia del calcio foliar en floración, sobre la producción y ocurrencia de la pudrición apical de híbridos de tomate italiano, cultivados en el sistema convencional en dos temporadas de cultivo. Se realizaron dos experimentos en el área experimental perteneciente a la Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, campus de Frederico Westphalen (Brasil), en los años 2012 y 2013. El diseño experimental fue de bloques al azar con un arreglo factorial 2×2×3×3 cuyo factores fueron dos híbridos (San Vito y Neptuno), en dos épocas de cultivo (primavera-verano y verano-otoño), tres dosis de boro (0; 2,0 y 4,0 g/planta) y tres frecuencias de aplicación de calcio (ausencia de aplicación, aplicación semanal y quincenal) y cuatro repeticiones. El trasplante de plántulas se realizó el día 04 de septiembre de 2012 para la primavera-verano y el 26 de enero para el verano-otoño. El híbrido Neptuno es más productivo en comparación con el híbrido San Vito, pero más susceptible a la pudrición apical. Las dos épocas de cultivo pueden ser recomendadas para el cultivo del tomate italiano en Rio Grande do Sul, aunque el cultivo de primavera-verano presenta mayor productividad cuando se compara al verano-otoño. La frecuencia de aplicación quincenal de CaCl2 al 0,6% se constituye en la mejor opción de manejo de fertilización, en el sentido de obtener mayor productividad y menor número de frutos con incidencia de pudrición apical. El incremento de la dosis de boro condiciona mayor número de frutos por planta y aumento de la productividad.Bibliografía y webgrafía: páginas 92-9

Physiological characteristics of endive, lettuce and chicory seeds as a function of spectral quality

Seedling production is a critical step in the establishment of vegetables. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different spectral qualities on the germination and vigor of endive, lettuce, and chicory seeds. The experiment was carried out in three stages. The first stage, two cultivars of lettuce (‘Crespa Repolhuda’ and ‘Vera’) and six spectral qualities (blue LED, red LED, blue + red LED, white LED, fluorescent and dark) were evaluated; the second stage, two cultivars of chicory (‘Lisa Escarola’ and ‘Palla Rosa’) and the same spectral qualities were evaluated. In the third stage, the spectral quality of the endive cultivar ‘Pão de Açúcar’ was evaluated. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four replications of 50 seeds each. The evaluated parameters were: germination percentage, first count, germination speed index, seedling length, and fresh and dry mass. Endive, lettuce and chicory seeds germinated both in the presence or not of light so that they can be classified as neutral photos. A spectral LED of red quality fostered the development of the most significant volume of fresh mass on the endive, lettuce, and chicory. All the spectral qualities stimulated root growth. The dark, on the other hand, promoted the most significant length of the aerial part, promoting seedlings etiolation.Seedling production is a critical step in the establishment of vegetables. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of different spectral qualities on the germination and vigor of endive, lettuce, and chicory seeds. The experiment was carried out in three stages. The first stage, two cultivars of lettuce (‘Crespa Repolhuda’ and ‘Vera’) and six spectral qualities (blue LED, red LED, blue + red LED, white LED, fluorescent and dark) were evaluated; the second stage, two cultivars of chicory (‘Lisa Escarola’ and ‘Palla Rosa’) and the same spectral qualities were evaluated. In the third stage, the spectral quality of the endive cultivar ‘Pão de Açúcar’ was evaluated. The experiments were performed in a completely randomized design, with four replications of 50 seeds each. The evaluated parameters were: germination percentage, first count, germination speed index, seedling length, and fresh and dry mass. Endive, lettuce and chicory seeds germinated both in the presence or not of light so that they can be classified as neutral photos. A spectral LED of red quality fostered the development of the most significant volume of fresh mass on the endive, lettuce, and chicory. All the spectral qualities stimulated root growth. The dark, on the other hand, promoted the most significant length of the aerial part, promoting seedlings etiolation

Different shading nets in escarole growth

The aim of work was to verify the effect of different shading levels in escarole crop, during summer in the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Frederico Westphalen RS Campus, in 2015 with Escarola Lisa escarole cultivar. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three shading levels (0%, 30%, 50%), with six replications. Growth evaluation were performed in destructive manner every seven days, from transplant to harvest point. From the information obtained, traits were determined: leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, leaf weight ratio, biological productivity, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate. The data obtained were analyzed by the statistical program Genes, the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The shading level 30% provided greater leaf area, higher biological productivity and absolute growth rate. However, the leaf area ratio was higher when shading level 50% was tested. However, it can be said that the shading levels favor growth of escarole crop

Estabelecimento in vitro de oliveira ‘arbequina’ e ‘koroneiki’

Due to its relevant economic importance, both for the food and pharmaceutical sectors, the olive tree is being increasingly cultivated around the world. For this, obtaining quality seedlings with uniformity and varietal suitability emerges as a highly relevant factor at the implantation of olive orchards. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop in vitro establishment protocol from nodal segments of two olive cultivars under different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and different concentrations of BAP. The experiment was conducted on completely randomized design, in a triple factorial scheme (2x3x3), two olive cultivars (Arbequina and Koroneiki), three BAP concentrations (0,00; 2,22 e 4,44 µM) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (0,6; 0,8 and 1,0% active chlorine) for the decontamination of the explants. Each treatment had three replicates and the experimental unit consisted of fve test tubes with one explant each. Afer 28 days, it was possible to observe that the treatments tested did not promote in vitro establishment of Olea europaea cv. Arbequina. The concentration of 2,22 µM of BAP added to the WPM and the 1,0% concentration of sodium hypochlorite used in disinfestation of the explants, presented promising results in the in vitro establishment of Olea europaea cv. Koroneiki.Devido a relevante importância econômica, tanto para o setor alimentício quanto farmacêutico, a oliveira vem sendo cada vez mais cultivada em todo o mundo. Para isso, a obtenção de mudas de qualidade com uniformidade e idoneidade varietal surge como fator altamente relevante na implantação dos pomares de oliveiras. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver protocolo de estabelecimento in vitro a partir de segmentos nodais de duas cultivares de oliveira sob diferentes concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio e concentrações de BAP. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento inteiramente casualisado, em esquema fatorial triplo (2x3x3), sendo duas cultivares de oliveira (Arbequina e Koroneiki), três concentrações de BAP (0,00; 2,22 e 4,44 µM) e três concentrações de hipoclorito de sódio (0,6; 0,8 e 1,0% de cloro ativo) para a descontaminação dos explantes. Cada tratamento contou com três repetições e a unidade experimental constituída por cinco tubos de ensaio com um explante cada. Após 28 dias, foi possível observar que os tratamentos testados não foram eficientes no estabelecimento in vitro de Olea europaea cv. Arbequina. A concentração de 2,22 µM de BAP adicionada ao meio WPM e a concentração de 1,0% de hipoclorito de sódio, utilizada na desinfestação dos explantes, são ideais para o estabelecimento in vitro de Olea europaea cv. Koroneiki

Correlação de Pearson entre pigmentos fotossintetizantes e fitomassa de plantas de Aloysia triphylla

A produção de matéria seca das culturas é limitada pelos pigmentos fotossintéticos, um indicador de produtividade que pode ser limitante ao crescimento e desenvolvimento das plantas. O objetivo do estudo foi determinar a correlação entre os pigmentos fotossintéticos e a fitomassa de Aloysia triphylla em resposta a diferentes disponibilidades hídrica. O experimento foi mantido em ambiente protegido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, sendo conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos, quatro blocos e a unidade experimental composta por 16 plantas/bloco, no período de 28 de agosto de 2015 a 21 de março de 2016. Os tratamentos consistiram de diferentes níveis de disponibilidade hídrica (100, 75, 50 e 25% da capacidade de campo do solo). Foram avaliados: conteúdo de clorofila a, clorofila b, carotenoides, clorofila total, razão clorofila a/b, razão clorofila total/carotenoides e fitomassa seca total, massa seca de folhas e de caule. Para verificar a dependência de uma variável sobre outra os dados foram submetidos à correlação linear de Pearson. Após 152 dias, foi possível observar que houve correlação forte e positiva entre as clorofilas a e b, sendo que ambas apresentaram correlação negativa com a razão clorofila a/b. A clorofila b apresentou correlação com fitomassa total e de folhas. Também se observou que a clorofila total apresentou correlação com todas as variáveis, exceto para as de massa seca de caule e folhas e fitomassa total. Concluiu-se a clorofila b apresenta correlação positiva com massa seca de folhas e fitomassa seca total, e a massa seca de folhas possui correlação positiva com massa seca de caule e fitomassa total de A. triphylla

Aplicação de acibenzolar-s-methyl em trigo no controle alternativo de Gibberella zea

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a dose, época e número de aplicação ideais de ácido metil salicílico (ASM) para o controle da giberela durante a antese e sua influência sobre as características agronômicas da cultura do trigo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial triplo 2x3x4, sendo duas cultivares de trigo, três épocas de aplicação e quatro doses, com três repetições. Avaliou-se o tamanho da espiga, peso da espiga, número de grãos por espiga, número de espiguetas estéreis por espiga, incidência e severidade de giberela, peso de mil grãos e produtividade. As variáveis analisadas foram submetidas à análise de variância e quando significativas os fatores qualitativos foram submetidas à comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, e para os fatores quantitativos, realizou-se a análise de regressão. Duas aplicações de ASM, realizadas no início + ½ da antese condicionam menor número de espiguetas estéreis na cultura do trigo. A dose de 37,5 g ha-1 de ASM proporciona baixos percentuais de incidência e severidade de giberela em grãos de trigo, sugerindo inserção do ASM no manejo integrado da doença. A dose de 12,5 g ha-1 de ASM condiciona incremento na produtividade de trigo

Growth of escarole in different seasons of year, RS, Brazil

The lack of research about escarole cultivars adapted to each region, as well as technical information on plant growth have been some of the factors related to low yields. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth of escarole crop in four seasons of year in Santa Maria, RS. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design, 1 x 4, being a escarole (cultivar Escorola Lisa®) evaluated in four seasons of year (summer, autumn, winter and spring), in six replications. The evaluations were performed in a destructive manner every seven days, from date of transplant to harvest point. The following components were analyzed: number of leaves, number of residues, dry mass of leaves, dry mass of leaves, stem and residue. Thus, it was determined the parameters for growth analysis. With the data obtained, we performed a variance analysis, and presented significant results, and the means of each season of the year submitted to the Tukey test at 5% of error probability. The air temperature and global radiation influence crop cycle. Lower temperatures and lower incidence of radiation result in cycle extended, as observed in autumn. The escarole growth is influenced by seasons of year in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), and summer and spring finish the cycle in advance to others, presenting a larger leaf area. Summer and spring are most indicated season to escarole crop in RS, Brazil

Manejo de controle de patógenos durante o desenvolvimento e na pós-colheita de frutos de pessegueiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a aplicação de produtos naturais e químicos no controle de patógenos durante o desenvolvimento e na pós-colheita de frutos de pessegueiro, cultivar Precocinho, no ano de 2014. Para o primeiro experimento, avaliou-se em DBC 6x5 a eficiência de seis tratamentos [T1 extrato de inflorescências de cravo da índia (CR); T2 - extrato de canela em casca (CA); T3 - extrato de folhas de boldo (BO); T4 - fosfito de potássio (FP) /2,0 ml L-1; T5 fungicida tebuconazole (FT) /1,0 ml L-1e T6 Controle (sem aplicação) (CO)] durante cinco épocas de desenvolvimento dos frutos, através da incidência de patógenos e sua correlação. No segundo experimento avaliou-se em DIC 6x3 o efeito das aplicações pré-colheita dos tratamentos acima citados, na pós-colheita dos frutos, quando submetidos a três períodos de armazenamento [0 dias (período 1); 7 dias de câmara fria (período 2); 7 dias de câmara fria a 2 ºC + 5 dias de bancada a 23 ºC (período 3)], avaliou-se as características físicas, físico-químicas e fitossanitárias dos frutos. Os produtos naturais (extratos vegetais de canela, cravo e boldo) não apresentam influência positiva sobre fungos patogênicos durante a pré e pós-colheita do pessegueiro. Os aspectos qualitativos de frutos de pessegueiro cv. Precocinho, não são afetados pelos tratamentos naturais e químicos, na pós-colheita. As aplicações de fosfito de potássio nas plantas de pessegueiro não apresentaram resultados significativos para o controle de Monilinia fructicola na pré e na pós-colheita. O tratamento químico com tebuconazole apresenta controle eficiente da podridão parda. Os tratamentos naturais devem ser analisados a longo prazo, sugerindo-se novos estudos

Statin treatment and mortality in community-dwelling frail older patients with diabetes mellitus

Background: Older adults are often excluded from clinical trials. Decision making for administration of statins to older patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) is under debate, particularly in frail older patients with comorbidity and high mortality risk. We tested the hypothesis that statin treatment in older patients with DM was differentially effective across strata of mortality risk assessed by the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on information collected with the Standardized Multidimensional Assessment Schedule for Adults and Aged Persons (SVaMA). Methods: In this retrospective observational study, we estimated the mortality risk in 1712 community-dwelling subjects with DM ≥ 65 years who underwent a SVaMA evaluation to establish accessibility to homecare services/nursing home admission from 2005 to 2013 in the Padova Health District, Italy. Mild (MPI-SVaMA-1), moderate (MPI-SVaMA-2), and high (MPI-SVaMA-3) risk of mortality at baseline and propensity score-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of three-year mortality were calculated according to statin treatment. Results: Higher MPI-SVaMA scores were associated with lower rates of statin treatment (MPI-SVaMA-1 = 39% vs MPI-SVaMA-2 = 36% vs MPI-SVaMA-3 = 24.9%. p<0.001) and higher three-year mortality (MPI-SVaMA-1 = 12.9% vs MPI-SVaMA-2 = 24% vs MPI-SVaMA-3 = 34.4%, p<0.001). After adjustment for propensity score quintiles, statin treatment was significantly associated with lower three-year mortality irrespective of MPI-SVaMA group (interaction test p = 0.303). HRs [95% confidence interval (CI)] were 0.19 (0.14-0.27), 0.28 (0.21-0.36), and 0.26 (0.20-0.34) in the MPI-SVaMA-1, MPI-SVaMA-2, and MPI-SVaMA-3 groups, respectively. Subgroup analyses showed that statin treatment was also beneficial irrespective of age. HRs (95% CI) were 0.21 (0.15-0.31), 0.26 (0.20-0.33), and 0.26 (0.20-0.35) among patients aged 65-74, 75-84, and ≥ 85 years, respectively (interaction test p=0.812). Conclusions: Statin treatment was significantly associat

Integrated Genomic, Functional, and Prognostic Characterization of Atypical Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a BCR-ABL1-negative clonal disorder, which belongs to the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative group. This disease is characterized by recurrent somatic mutations in SETBP1, ASXL1 and ETNK1 genes, as well as high genetic heterogeneity, thus posing a great therapeutic challenge. To provide a comprehensive genomic characterization of aCML we applied a high-throughput sequencing strategy to 43 aCML samples, including both whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data. Our dataset identifies ASXL1, SETBP1, and ETNK1 as the most frequently mutated genes with a total of 43.2%, 29.7 and 16.2%, respectively. We characterized the clonal architecture of 7 aCML patients by means of colony assays and targeted resequencing. The results indicate that ETNK1 variants occur early in the clonal evolution history of aCML, while SETBP1 mutations often represent a late event. The presence of actionable mutations conferred both ex vivo and in vivo sensitivity to specific inhibitors with evidence of strong in vitro synergism in case of multiple targeting. In one patient, a clinical response was obtained. Stratification based on RNA-sequencing identified two different populations in terms of overall survival, and differential gene expression analysis identified 38 significantly overexpressed genes in the worse outcome group. Three genes correctly classified patients for overall survival