Naturalistic Driving Action Recognition

Driving is one of the most tasks people do day to day to get to places more efficiently, but with many people using the road every day, distracted driving can be a big problem. Grothlaw firm states that in the recent years, at least 9 out of 3287 deaths related to auto accidents per day are caused by distracted driving [1]. Distracted driving refers to things that drivers do that are not related to driving [2] This can include texting, eating, talking to passengers, tuning the radios, etc... that can get the driver’s attention away from the road [2]. Many drivers do not realize the impact and importance of safety when they are multitasking when driving. Therefore, we will be participating in the Naturalistic Driving Action Recognition city track in the AI City Challenge, where we designed a recognition system utilizing Deep learning and computer vision that is used to identify distracted driving and to make drivers aware the impacts of distracted driving

Classificação de autores, instituições e países, por meio de métricas de produção, centralidade e impacto: o campo de turismo no Brasil (periódicos), 1990-2018

We investigated the set of Brazilian tourism journals, specifically 3,887 articles published in 16 journals, from 1990 to 2018. The three main objectives of this study are: a) to rank authors, institutions, and countries in the field of tourism studies in Brazil, using productivity, centrality, and impact metrics, for 1990-1999, 1990-2009, and 1990-2018; b) to characterize the leading elements – i.e. top-ranked ones; and c) to compare these rankings with h-index based rankings. A bibliometric and social network study was carried out, with manual data collection and revision and disambiguation. Productivity (full and fractional counting), centrality (degree, betweenness, and PageRank), and impact (based on actual citations) metrics were calculated. In summary, the leading authors are affiliated with institutions in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, and they are linked to graduate programs. For institutions, offering a graduate program in tourism or in a related field seems to be a key factor. The University of São Paulo (USP) and the University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) clearly stand out in all metrics. Brazil occupies the first position in productivity, centrality, and impact, followed by Spain.We investigated the set of Brazilian tourism journals, specifically 3,887 articles published in 16 journals, from 1990 to 2018. The three main objectives of this study are: a) to rank authors, institutions, and countries in the field of tourism studies in Brazil, using productivity, centrality, and impact metrics, for 1990-1999, 1990-2009, and 1990-2018; b) to characterize the leading elements – i.e. top-ranked ones; and c) to compare these rankings with h-index based rankings. A bibliometric and social network study was carried out, with manual data collection and revision and disambiguation. Productivity (full and fractional counting), centrality (degree, betweenness, and PageRank), and impact (based on actual citations) metrics were calculated. In summary, the leading authors are affiliated with institutions in the South and Southeast regions of Brazil, and they are linked to graduate programs. For institutions, offering a graduate program in tourism or in a related field seems to be a key factor. The University of São Paulo (USP) and the University of Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) clearly stand out in all metrics. Brazil occupies the first position in productivity, centrality, and impact, followed by Spain.Trabalha-se com o conjunto de periódicos brasileiros de turismo, mas particularmente com os 3.887 artigos publicados em 16 revistas, no período 1990-2018. Há três objetivos principais, a saber: a) construir rankings de autores, instituições e países do campo de turismo no Brasil, segundo métricas de produção, centralidade e impacto, nos períodos 1990-1999, 1990-2009 e 1990-2018; b) caracterizar os elementos mais importantes – aqueles que aparecem nas primeiras posições desses rankings; e c) comparar os resultados desses rankings aos obtidos com a aplicação do Índice H. Foi feito um estudo bibliométrico e de redes, com coleta de dados e revisão e desambiguação manuais; foram calculadas métricas de produção (contagem simples e fracionada), centralidade (grau, intermediação e Page Rank) e impacto (baseadas nas citações reais). Em resumo, os principais pesquisadores trabalham em instituições do Sul e Sudeste do país, e estão vinculados a programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Para as instituições, ter um programa de pós-graduação stricto sensu em turismo ou campo correlato parece ser um fator-chave; a Universidade de São Paulo e a Universidade do Vale do Itajaí claramente se destacam das demais, em toda e qualquer métrica. O Brasil ocupa a primeira posição em produção, centralidade e impacto, seguido sempre pela Espanha

Periódicos brasileiros de turismo (1990-2018): avaliação e classificação por meio de métricas de impacto e híbridas

El artículo consiste en un estudio bibliométrico evaluativo, que utiliza medidas de impacto y híbridas (citas). Su objeto son los artículos publicados en 16 revistas de turismo en Brasil, en el período 1990-2018. El artículo tiene los siguientes objetivos principales: a) evaluar la trayectoria y el conjunto de citas de los artículos seleccionados, generando un panorama general de su impacto; y b) evaluar estas revistas, incluida la construcción de rankings. Hay una escasez de estudios bibliométricos acerca del campo del turismo en Brasil. La metodología consiste en la recopilación y el tratamiento manual de datos, estadísticas descriptivas y cálculo de los índices H y G. Para el campo en su conjunto, el resultado principal es presentar el aumento de su impacto, en los años 2000 y 2010, que demuestra un proceso de maduración y consolidación. Hay un “pelotón frontal”, formado por Caderno Virtual de Turismo, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação e Turismo em Análise, que se destaca en casi todas las métricas y índices, seguido de CULTUR – Revista de Cultura e Turismo. Algunas métricas parecen indicar que Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo y Revista Rosa dos Ventos pueden estar ingresando a este nivel intermedio. El resto de las revistas tienen un impacto muy bajo. A juzgar por las citas de artículos de revistas, las 16 revistas seleccionadas dependen en gran medida de las citas realizadas por el campo en sí. La principal limitación de la investigación es que el conjunto de revistas cubiertas consiste en una pequeña porción de la producción científica sobre turismo en Brasil.O artigo consiste em um estudo bibliométrico do tipo avaliativo, que utiliza medidas de impacto e híbridas (citações). Seu objeto de estudo são os artigos publicados em 16 periódicos brasileiros de turismo, no período 1990-2018. Há os seguintes objetivos principais: a) avaliar a trajetória e o conjunto de citações dos artigos selecionados, provendo-se um quadro geral sobre seu impacto; e b) avaliar esses periódicos, inclusive por meio da construção de rankings. Supre-se, dessa forma, certa escassez de estudos bibliométricos acerca do campo de turismo no Brasil. A metodologia consiste na coleta e tratamento manual de dados, estatística descritiva e cálculo dos índices H e G. Houve um aumento no impacto do campo de turismo no Brasil, nos anos 2000 e 2010, o que demonstra um processo de amadurecimento e consolidação. Nota-se a existência de um “pelotão de frente,” formado pelo Caderno Virtual de Turismo, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação e Turismo em Análise, que se destaca em quase todas as métricas e índices, seguido pela CULTUR – Revista de Cultura e Turismo. Algumas métricas parecem indicar que a Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo e a Revista Rosa dos Ventos podem estar entrando nesse patamar intermediário. O restante dos periódicos tem impacto ainda muito baixo. A julgar pelas citações provenientes de artigos de periódico, as 16 revistas selecionadas dependem muito de citações feitas pelo próprio campo. A principal limitação da pesquisa é que os periódicos contemplados consistem numa pequena parcela da produção científica sobre turismo no Brasil.We present an evaluative bibliometric study, which uses impact and hybrid measures (citations). Its object of study is the articles published in 16 Brazilian tourism journals, in 1990-2018. The article has the following main objectives: a) to evaluate the trajectory and citations of the selected articles, providing a general picture of their impact; and b) to evaluate these journals, including the construction of rankings. There is a shortage of bibliometric studies about the field of tourism in Brazil. The methodology consists of the collection and manual treatment of data, descriptive statistics and calculation of the H and G indexes. For the field as a whole, the main result is to present the increase of its impact, in the 2000s and 2010s, which demonstrates a process of maturation and consolidation. There is an “elite squad”, formed by the Caderno Virtual de Turismo, Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Turismo, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação and Turismo em Análise, which stands out in almost all metrics and indices, followed by CULTUR – Revista de Cultura e Turismo. Some metrics seem to indicate that Revista Brasileira de Ecoturismo and Revista Rosa dos Ventos may be entering this intermediate level. The rest of the journals have a very low impact. Analyzing citations from journal articles, the 16 selected journals depend heavily on citations made by the field of tourism. The main limitation of the research is that the set of journals covered consists of a small portion of the scientific production on tourism in Brazil

Brazilian tourism journals (1990-2018): evaluation of its intellectual structure, by means of bibliographic coupling

A pesquisa avalia a estrutura intelectual de 16 periódicos brasileiros de turismo, por meio de acoplamento bibliográfico (revistas científicas). Isso contemplou a citação e cocitação de referências de 3.887 artigos, totalizando 108.595 entradas. Objetiva-se apresentar um panorama desta estrutura intelectual, analisar o ranking de periódicos mais citados, e “mapear” a estrutura intelectual, por meio de acoplamento bibliográfico. Verifica-se o contínuo aumento da média e mediana de referências por artigo e o expressivo crescimento dos artigos de periódico em sua composição. Isso faz com que o acoplamento bibliográfico revele, crescentemente, a estrutura intelectual. O ranking revela o domínio dos principais periódicos internacionais de turismo e de alguns dos periódicos selecionados pela pesquisa. Distinguem-se Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, Turismo em Análise, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação e Journal of Travel Research como os principais periódicos. A rede é composta pelos seguintes agrupamentos: a) Agrupamento 4: ocupa o centro da rede e é formado, predominantemente, por revistas internacionais de turismo de alto impacto, secundadas por títulos de administração, hospitalidade e marketing; b) Agrupamento 1 (16 periódicos): conta com dez periódicos pertencentes ao objeto de estudo da pesquisa, e apresenta certo caráter periférico, em relação ao Agrupamento 4; c) Agrupamento 2 (sete periódicos): menor e mais periférico da rede, é composto, exclusivamente, por revistas de administração; e d) Agrupamento 3: os periódicos de marketing e hospitalidade formam seu núcleo, secundados pelos de administração e serviços. Como principais lacunas na estrutura intelectual, esperava-se encontrar mais periódicos de ciências sociais e de lazer.This study evaluates the intellectual structure of 16 Brazilian tourism journals via bibliographic coupling (scientific journals), by citating and co-citating references from 3,887 articles, totaling 108,595 entries. It seeks to ‘map’ and present an overview of this intellectual structure, analyzing the ranking of the most cited journals. Results show a continuous increase in the mean and median of references per article and a significant increase of journal articles in its composition leading the bibliographic coupling to increasingly reveal the intellectual structure. The ranking is dominated by the main international tourism journals and some of the journals selected for this research. Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, Turismo em Análise, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação and Journal of Travel Research are the main journals. The network comprises the following clusters: a) Cluster 4 (41 journals) occupies the core of the network, and consists predominantly of high-impact international tourism journals, followed by titles in administration, hospitality and marketing; b) Cluster 1 (16 journals) encompasses ten of the 16 Brazilian tourism journals in this research, and has a certain peripheral character in relation to Cluster 4; c) Cluster 2 (seven journals) is the smallest and most peripheral of the network, composed exclusively of management journals; d) Cluster 3 (15 journals) comprises marketing and hospitality journals form in its core, followed by administration and services journals. As the main gaps in the intellectual structure, we found few social science and leisure journals.Esta investigación evalúa la estructura intelectual de 16 revistas brasileñas de turismo, mediante el acoplamiento bibliográfico (revistas científicas). Esto incluyó la citación y cocitación de referencias de 3.887 artículos, lo que totalizó 108.595 entradas. Se pretende presentar un panorama de esta estructura, analizar el ranking de las revistas más citadas y “mapear” la estructura desde el acoplamiento bibliográfico. Hay un aumento continuo en el promedio y la mediana de referencias por artículo y el aumento expresivo de artículos de revista en su composición. Esto hace que el acoplamiento bibliográfico revele cada vez más la estructura. El ranking muestra el predominio de las principales revistas internacionales de turismo y algunas de las seleccionadas en la encuesta. Las principales son Tourism Management, Annals of Tourism Research, Turismo em Análise, Revista Turismo – Visão e Ação y Journal of Travel Research. La red consta de lo siguiente: a) Clúster 4 (41 revistas): ocupa el centro de la red y está formado predominantemente por revistas de turismo internacional de alto impacto, seguido por títulos en administración, hotelería y marketing; b) Clúster 1 (16 revistas): cuenta con diez revistas pertenecientes al objeto de estudio y tiene cierto carácter periférico con relación al Clúster 4; c) Clúster 2 (siete revistas): el más pequeño y periférico de la red, está compuesto exclusivamente por revistas de gestión; d) Clúster 3 (15 revistas): las revistas de marketing y hospitalidad forman su núcleo, seguidas de las revistas de administración y servicios.

Cultural tourism: bibliometric and social network analysis of Brazilian tourism field, 1990‐2018

Apresenta‐se uma análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais do campo de turismo no Brasil, considerando‐ ‐o como os artigos publicados em 16 periódicos brasileiros de turismo. Por meio das palavras‐chave, é descrita e avaliada sua trajetória (1990‐2018), com foco no agrupamento de turismo cultural. Acerca dele, abordam‐ ‐se a autoria (autores, instituições e distribuição geográfica), periódicos (concentração da publicação), impacto e estrutura intelectual. O agrupamento é claramente delimitado, e congrega palavras‐chave “esperadas,” que orbitam em torno do turismo cultural, cultura e patrimônio. A autoria é relativamente fragmentada; há clara sobre representação da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Nas referências, chama atenção a orientação de ciências sociais; há relativamente poucos autores e textos preocupados com o turismo cultural como segmento de mercado. É nítido o domínio e centralidade de Margarita Barretto na estrutura intelectual. No impacto, o agrupamento tem uma média de citações reais por artigo pouco abaixo da verificada para o campo.We present a bibliometric and social network analysis of the Brazilian field of tourism, taken as the articles of 16 Brazilian tourism journals. Utilizing keywords, we describe and evaluate its trajectory (1990‐2018), with focus on the cultural tourism cluster. We study the authorship (authors, institutions and geographic distribution), journals (dispersal of publication), impact and intellectual structure of the cluster. It is clearly delimited, and includes “expected” keywords that orbit around cultural tourism, culture and heritage. Authorship is relatively fragmented; there is an overrepresentation of the Northeast Region of Brazil. In the references, there is a distinct social sciences orientation; there are relatively few authors and texts concerned with cultural tourism as a market segment. Margarita Barretto’s dominance and centrality in the intellectual structure is clear. Concerning the impact, the cluster has an average of actual citations per article just below that verified for the field

Padrão de colaboração e coautoria no campo de turismo: análises bibliométricas e de redes em 14 periódicos científicos brasileiros (1990-2016)

This article analyses the articles of 14 Brazilian journals about tourism. The objectives are to identify the co-authorship patterns and to verify the importance of actors within the networks. The methodology combines the bibliometric with social networks analysis. The networks of authors and institutions are robust, no longer depending on a central actor. The field is characterized by a great fragmentation, lacking a unified theoretical approach. The networks contain a central group, which concentrates the most central nodes, and a “periphery”, composed of small groups with small production.Neste trabalho, são analisados os artigos publicados em 14 periódicos brasileiros de turismo (de 1990 a 2016). Os objetivos são identificar os padrões de coautoria e verificar a importância de atores para a rede. A metodologia consiste em análise bibliométrica e de redes sociais. As redes de autores e instituições são robustas, não dependendo de um ator central. O campo é marcado pela grande fragmentação, sem uma abordagem teórica unificada. As redes de autores e instituições são formadas por um grupo central – com os nós mais importantes e produtivos – e uma “periferia”, composta por pequenos grupos com baixa produção

Atypical carcinoid tumours of the lung: prognostic factors and patterns of recurrence

Background: Atypical carcinoids (AC) of the lung are rare intermediate-grade neuroendocrine neoplasms. Prognostic factors for these tumours are undefined. Methods: Our cooperative group retrieved data on 127 patients operated between 1980 and 2009 because of an AC. Several clinical and pathological features were studied. Results: In a univariable analysis, T-status (p=0.005), N-status (p=0.021), preoperative M-status (previously treated) (p=0.04), and distant recurrence developed during the outcome (p<0.001) presented statistically significant differences related to survival of these patients. In a multivariable analysis, only distant recurrence was demonstrated to be an independent risk factor for survival (p<0.001; HR: 13.1). During the monitoring, 25.2% of the patients presented some kind of recurrence. When we studied recurrence factors in a univariable manner, sublobar resections presented significant relationship with locoregional recurrence (p<0.001). In the case of distant recurrence, T and N status presented significant differences. Patients with preoperative M1 status presented higher frequencies of locoregional and distant recurrence (p=0.004 and p<0.001, respectively). In a multivariable analysis, sublobar resection was an independent prognostic factor to predict locoregional recurrence (p=0.002; HR: 18.1). Conclusions: Complete standard surgical resection with radical lymphadenectomy is essential for AC. Sublobar resections are related to locoregional recurrence, so they should be avoided except for carefully selected patients. Nodal status is an important prognostic factor to predict survival and recurrence. Distant recurrence is related to poor outcome

Prognostic Value of D-dimer to Lymphocyte Ratio (DLR) in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients: A Validation Study in a National Cohort

Background: This study aimed to validate the role of the D-dimer to lymphocyte ratio (DLR) for mortality prediction in a large national cohort of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: A retrospective, multicenter, observational study that included hospitalized patients due to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain was conducted from March 2020 to March 2022. All biomarkers and laboratory indices analyzed were measured once at admission. Results: A total of 10,575 COVID-19 patients were included in this study. The mean age of participants was 66.9 (+/- 16) years, and 58.6% (6202 patients) of them were male. The overall mortality rate was 16.3% (n = 1726 patients). Intensive care unit admission was needed in 10.5% (n = 1106 patients), non-invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 8.8% (n = 923 patients), and orotracheal intubation was required in 7.5% (789 patients). DLR presented a c-statistic of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.68-0.71) for in-hospital mortality with an optimal cut-off above 1. Multivariate analysis showed an independent association for in-hospital mortality for DLR > 1 (adjusted OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.09-4.04; p = 0.03); in the same way, survival analysis showed a higher mortality risk for DLR > 1 (HR 2.24; 95% CI 2.03-2.47; p < 0.01). Further, no other laboratory indices showed an independent association for mortality in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: This study confirmed the usefulness of DLR as a prognostic biomarker for mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, being an accessible, cost-effective, and easy-to-use biomarker in daily clinical practice

Inappropriate antibiotic use in the COVID-19 era: Factors associated with inappropriate prescribing and secondary complications. Analysis of the registry SEMI-COVID

Background: Most patients with COVID-19 receive antibiotics despite the fact that bacterial co-infections are rare. This can lead to increased complications, including antibacterial resistance. We aim to analyze risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescription in these patients and describe possible complications arising from their use. Methods: The SEMI-COVID-19 Registry is a multicenter, retrospective patient cohort. Patients with antibiotic were divided into two groups according to appropriate or inappropriate prescription, depending on whether the patient fulfill any criteria for its use. Comparison was made by means of multilevel logistic regression analysis. Possible complications of antibiotic use were also identified. Results: Out of 13,932 patients, 3047 (21.6%) were prescribed no antibiotics, 6116 (43.9%) were appropriately prescribed antibiotics, and 4769 (34.2%) were inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. The following were independent factors of inappropriate prescription: February-March 2020 admission (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.18-2.00), age (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97-0.99), absence of comorbidity (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.05-1.94), dry cough (OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.94-3.26), fever (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.13-1.56), dyspnea (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.04-1.69), flu-like symptoms (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.75-4.17), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (OR 1.01 for each mg/L increase, 95% CI 1.00-1.01). Adverse drug reactions were more frequent in patients who received ANTIBIOTIC (4.9% vs 2.7%, p < .001). Conclusion: The inappropriate use of antibiotics was very frequent in COVID-19 patients and entailed an increased risk of adverse reactions. It is crucial to define criteria for their use in these patients. Knowledge of the factors associated with inappropriate prescribing can be helpful

Frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of hospital readmissions of COVID-19 patients

To determine the proportion of patients with COVID-19 who were readmitted to the hospital and the most common causes and the factors associated with readmission. Multicenter nationwide cohort study in Spain. Patients included in the study were admitted to 147 hospitals from March 1 to April 30, 2020. Readmission was defined as a new hospital admission during the 30 days after discharge. Emergency department visits after discharge were not considered readmission. During the study period 8392 patients were admitted to hospitals participating in the SEMI-COVID-19 network. 298 patients (4.2%) out of 7137 patients were readmitted after being discharged. 1541 (17.7%) died during the index admission and 35 died during hospital readmission (11.7%, p = 0.007). The median time from discharge to readmission was 7 days (IQR 3-15 days). The most frequent causes of hospital readmission were worsening of previous pneumonia (54%), bacterial infection (13%), venous thromboembolism (5%), and heart failure (5%). Age [odds ratio (OR): 1.02; 95% confident interval (95% CI): 1.01-1.03], age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index score (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06-1.21), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.26-2.69), asthma (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.04-2.22), hemoglobin level at admission (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.86-0.99), ground-glass opacification at admission (OR: 0.86; 95% CI:0.76-0.98) and glucocorticoid treatment (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.00-1.66) were independently associated with hospital readmission. The rate of readmission after hospital discharge for COVID-19 was low. Advanced age and comorbidity were associated with increased risk of readmission