Notas para una pedagogía moral de las relaciones de mercado y consumo

Texto de la Conferencia pronunciada en el Colegio Notarial de Sevilla y en la Facultad de Ciencias Empresariales (ETEA) de la Universidad de Córdoba

Proyecto de Código Mercantil y paradigma constitucional

En el proceso de reforma y nueva codificación post-constitucional del Derecho mercantil, y ahora a raíz de la aprobación del Proyecto de Código Mercantil de 2014 resulta inexcusable la tarea de asegurar la congruencia interna del ordenamiento jurídico conforme a la Constitución económica. De ahí la necesidad de ponderar y acreditar la legitimidad constitucional del Derecho mercantil diseñado y articulado en el Proyecto. Para acometer esta labor se acude a los conocimientos avanzados en la teoría del Derecho que ha construido los modelos teóricos o paradigmas normativos esenciales para la ponderación y enjuiciamiento de legitimidad de las normas. Para acometer tan relevante labor en un tiempo jurídico-constitucional hay que valerse del denominado paradigma normativo constitucional que precisamente que integra los criterios para enjuiciar el grado y calidad de legitimidad constitucional del Derecho mercantil del Proyecto, en tanto que este ordenamiento está llamado a integrar la llamada Constitución económica material. ¿Se adecua plenamente el Proyecto de Código Mercantil al paradigma normativo constitucional? La respuesta deja traslucir y entrever algunos déficits y claroscuros

PCDD/F Emissions from Light-Duty Diesel Vehicles Operated under Highway Conditions and a Diesel-Engine Based Power Generator

PCDD/F emissions from three light-duty diesel vehicles–two vans and a passenger car–have been measured in on-road conditions. We propose a new methodology for small vehicles: a sample of exhaust gas is collected by means of equipment based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) method 23A for stationary stack emissions. The concentrations of O2, CO, CO2, NO, NO2 and SO2 have also been measured. Six tests were carried out at 90-100 km/h on a route 100 km long. Two additional tests were done during the first 10 minutes and the following 60 minutes of the run to assess the effect of the engine temperature on PCDD/F emissions. The emission factors obtained for the vans varied from 1800 to 8400 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2004 model year van and 490-580 pg I-TEQ/Nm3 for a 2006 model year van. Regarding the passenger car, one run was done in the presence of a catalyst and another without, obtaining emission factors (330-880 pg I-TEQ/Nm3) comparable to those of the modern van. Two other tests were carried out on a power generator leading to emission factors ranging from 31 to 78 pg I-TEQ/Nm3. All the results are discussed and compared with literature.The authors thank the Spanish Ministry of Education which supported the research project CTQ2008-05520 and the Valencian Community Government (Spain) for the support provided under PROMETEO/2009/043/FEDER

Study of the emissions from pyrolytic and oxidative thermal decomposition of PVC

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the plastics most extensively used due to its versatility. The demand of PVC resin in Europe during 2012 reached 5000 ktonnes1. PVC waste management is a big problem because of the high volume generated all over the world and its chlorine content. End-of-life PVC is mainly mixed with municipal solid waste (MSW) and one common disposal option for this is waste-to-energy incineration (WtE). The presence of plastics such as PVC in the fuel mix increases the heating value of the fuel. PVC has two times higher energy content than MSW ‒around 20 MJ/kg vs 10 MJ/kg, respectively. However, the high chlorine content in PVC resin, 57 wt.%, may be a source for the formation of hazardous chlorinated organic pollutants in thermal processes. Chlorine present in the feedstock of WtE plants plays an important role in the formation of (i) chlorine (Cl2) and (ii) hydrochloric gas (HCl), both of them responsible for corrosion, and (iii) chlorinated organic pollutants2. In this work, pyrolytic and oxidative thermal degradation of PVC resin were carried out in a laboratory scale reactor at 500 ºC in order to analyze the influence of the reaction atmosphere on the emissions evolved. Special emphasis was put on the analysis of chlorinated organic pollutants such as polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs) and other related compounds like polychlorobenzenes (PCBzs), polychlorophenols (PCPhs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Another objective of this work was to compare the results with those of a previous work3 in which emissions at different temperatures in both pyrolysis and combustion of another PVC resin had been studied; in that case, experiments for PCDD/Fs emissions had been performed only at 850 ºC.Support for this project was provided by the Spanish MEC, research project CTQ2008-05520 and the Valencian Community Government with the research project Prometeo/2009/043/FEDER

Infrastructures connecting people: A mechanistic model for terrestrial transportation networks

Terrestrial Transportation Infrastructures (TTIs) are shaped by both socio-political and geographical factors, hence encoding crucial information about how resources and power are distributed through a territory. Therefore, analysing the structure of pathway, railway or road networks allows us to gain a better understanding of the political and social organization of the communities that created and maintained them. Network science can provide extremely useful tools to address quantitatively this issue. Here, focussing on passengers transport, we propose a methodology to shed light on the processes and forces that moulded transportation infrastructures into their current configuration, without having to rely on any additional information besides the topology of the network and the distribution of the population. Our approach is based on a simple mechanistic model that implements a wide spectrum of decision-making mechanisms (representing different power distributions) which could have driven the growth of a TTI. Thus, by adjusting a few model parameters, it is possible to generate several synthetic transportation networks, and compare across them and against the empirical system under study. An illustrative case study (i.e. the railway system in Catalonia, a region in Spain) is also provided to showcase the application of the proposed methodology. Our preliminary results highlight the potential of our approach, thus calling for further research

Apogeo de racionalidad económica y disenso constitucional

La emergencia y paulatina hegemonía del paradigma de la racionalidad económica neoliberal coexisten con un constitucionalismo social cada día más relegado. El poder de la Escuela liberal del análisis económico del Derecho afirma una progresiva “economización del Derecho”. El autor pretende hacer consciente de este, imperceptible para muchos, cambio de paradigma que desemboca en un progresivo deterioro del paradigma del constitucionalismo social.Después de presentar los dos modelos de Estado: liberal durante el largo siglo de la razón económica y Estado social en el siglo breve de la razón social, el artículo se detiene, especialmente a partir de la Constitución española de 1978, en el análisis del constitucionalismo social y su enfoque integrador de las dos racionalidades, el Estado social y la Economía de mercado.Por último, el autor se refiere, con acentos fuertemente críticos, a la “revancha del mercado” que se realiza en buena medida por medio del llamado Estado regulador que actúa a través de “autoridades independientes”, y abre líneas de reflexión orientadas hacia un nuevo constitucionalismo

Tumores productores de inmunoglobulinas : mieloma múltiple IGA en el perro

Los tumores productores de inmunoglobulinas en el perro están principalmente asociados a procesos linfoproliferativos. Entre estos tumores, el mieloma múltiple en el perro es uno de los más comunes y la causa más frecuente de una gammapatía rnonoclonal. Este tipo de tumor tiene una incidencia baja y su diagnóstico suele ser difícil en base de la poca especificidad y gran variedad de signos clínicos. En este trabajo se describe un caso clínico de un mieloma múltiple IgA, su presentación, diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución.Immunoglobulín-producing tumors in the dog are usually associated with lymphoproliferatiue disorders. The multiple myeloma is the most common and it is the more frequent cause of a monoclonal gammapathy. This tumor has a very low incidence and the diagnosis is quite difficult. The clínical signs sometimes are vague and non specific. In this paper we describe a case of a multiple myeloma IgA in a dog, its history, diagnosis, treatment and evolution