23,620 research outputs found
Ion dynamics and acceleration in relativistic shocks
Ab-initio numerical study of collisionless shocks in electron-ion
unmagnetized plasmas is performed with fully relativistic particle in cell
simulations. The main properties of the shock are shown, focusing on the
implications for particle acceleration. Results from previous works with a
distinct numerical framework are recovered, including the shock structure and
the overall acceleration features. Particle tracking is then used to analyze in
detail the particle dynamics and the acceleration process. We observe an energy
growth in time that can be reproduced by a Fermi-like mechanism with a reduced
number of scatterings, in which the time between collisions increases as the
particle gains energy, and the average acceleration efficiency is not ideal.
The in depth analysis of the underlying physics is relevant to understand the
generation of high energy cosmic rays, the impact on the astrophysical shock
dynamics, and the consequent emission of radiation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Electron - positron cascades in multiple-laser optical traps
We present an analytical and numerical study of multiple-laser QED cascades
induced with linearly polarised laser pulses. We analyse different polarisation
orientations and propose a configuration that maximises the cascade
multiplicity and favours the laser absorption. We generalise the analytical
estimate for the cascade growth rate previously calculated in the field of two
colliding linearly polarised laser pulses and account for multiple laser
interaction. The estimate is verified by a comprehensive numerical study of
four-laser QED cascades across a range of different laser intensities with QED
PIC module of OSIRIS. We show that by using four linearly polarised 30 fs laser
pulses, one can convert more than 50 % of the total energy to gamma-rays
already at laser intensity . In this
configuration, the laser conversion efficiency is higher compared with the case
with two colliding lasers
Electromagnetic field generation in the downstream of electrostatic shocks due to electron trapping
A new magnetic field generation mechanism in electrostatic shocks is found,
which can produce fields with magnetic energy density as high as 0.01 of the
kinetic energy density of the flows on time scales . Electron trapping during the shock formation process
creates a strong temperature anisotropy in the distribution function, giving
rise to the pure Weibel instability. The generated magnetic field is
well-confined to the downstream region of the electrostatic shock. The shock
formation process is not modified and the features of the shock front
responsible for ion acceleration, which are currently probed in laser-plasma
laboratory experiments, are maintained. However, such a strong magnetic field
determines the particle trajectories downstream and has the potential to modify
the signatures of the collisionless shock
The impact of kinetic effects on the properties of relativistic electron-positron shocks
We assess the impact of non-thermally shock-accelerated particles on the
magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jump conditions of relativistic shocks. The adiabatic
constant is calculated directly from first principle particle-in-cell
simulation data, enabling a semi-kinetic approach to improve the standard fluid
model and allowing for an identification of the key parameters that define the
shock structure. We find that the evolving upstream parameters have a stronger
impact than the corrections due to non-thermal particles. We find that the
decrease of the upstream bulk speed yields deviations from the standard MHD
model up to 10%. Furthermore, we obtain a quantitative definition of the shock
transition region from our analysis. For Weibel-mediated shocks the inclusion
of a magnetic field in the MHD conservation equations is addressed for the
first time
ICT in higher education in Portugal. Call computer assisted language learning
Este artículo pretende explorar el Aprendizaje de Lenguas Asistido por Ordenador (CALL, Computer-Assisted Language Learning) en Portugal. Para ello, se centrará en el nivel de educación superior. La escasa explotación del CALL en Portugal ha sido ampliamente estudiado en varios informes, por ejemplo, el informe encargado por la UE titulado The Impact of Information and Communications Technologies on the Teaching of Foreign Languages and on the Role of Teachers of Foreign Languages (2002: 5): "The use and employment of ICT in FLT and FLL is far from satisfactory, as ICT resources are traditionally reserved for '(computer) science' subjects, and rarely assigned to art subjects. A general lack of appropriate training of language teachers in meaningful uses of ICT tends to strengthen this trend". Este artículo abordará dichas necesidades centrándose en los resultados de proyectos europeos como POOLS. Analizaremos cuestiones relativas a los materiales en línea que pueden utilizarse para desarrollar contenidos de clases de lengua, hacienda uso de las ventajas del e-Learning.G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua
DC magnetic field generation in unmagnetized shear flows
The generation of DC magnetic fields in unmagnetized plasmas with velocity
shear is predicted for non relativistic and relativistic scenarios either due
to thermal effects or due to the onset of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability
(KHI). A kinetic model describes the growth and the saturation of the DC field.
The predictions of the theory are confirmed by multidimensional
particle-in-cell simulations, demonstrating the formation of long lived
magnetic fields () along the full longitudinal
extent of the shear layer, with transverse width on the electron length scale
(), reaching magnitudes
O profissional bibliotecário frente as tecnologias da informação
TCC (graduação em Biblioteconomia) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, FlorianópolisOs bibliotecários fazem parte de uma categoria das mais influenciadas com os avanços tecnológicos, principalmente, pelas chamadas Tecnologias da Informação (TI) que se apresentam com novas ferramentas de trabalho, que contribuem com uma nova rotina. Nessa perspectiva, a pesquisa tem como objetivo principal apresentar as principais contribuições das tecnologias da informação nas práticas bibliotecárias, por meio dos seguintes objetivos específicos: compreender o fenômeno da tecnologia; analisar o processo de inclusão das tecnologias da informação nas práticas bibliotecárias e apresentar as contribuições possíveis do bibliotecário frente às TIs. Para alcançar estes objetivos, a análise do tema, tem na pesquisa bibliográfica, sua principal metodologia para coleta de dados. São analisados textos em concordância com os objetivos definidos, em diversos suportes que contribuíram para que se chegassem possíveis conclusões. Com esta base teórica, observou-se que com a introdução das ferramentas tecnológicas na Biblioteconomia ocorreram profundas mudanças nas práticas e na mentalidade dos bibliotecários que tentam responder ao desafio de desenvolverem novos produtos e serviços que atendam as necessidades dos usuários. Esta resposta pode ser encontrada na formação contínua, na interação e integração com áreas tecnológicas, que podem levar o bibliotecário a aquisição de novas competências e a novos postos de trabalho, além dos já tradicionais. Sendo assim, com uma postura mais dinâmica, resta ao bibliotecário, manter-se atento e buscar sempre aprender para acompanhar a evolução da tecnologi
Cosmology with intensity mapping techniques using atomic and molecular lines
We present a systematic study of the intensity mapping technique using
updated models for the different emission lines from galaxies and identify
which ones are more promising for cosmological studies of the post reionization
epoch. We consider the emission of , , H,
optical and infrared oxygen lines, nitrogen lines, CII and the CO rotational
lines. We then identify that , , OII, CII and
the lowest rotational CO lines are the best candidates to be used as IM probes.
These lines form a complementary set of probes of the galaxies emission
spectra. We then use reasonable experimental setups from current, planned or
proposed experiments to access the detectability of the power spectrum of each
emission line. Intensity mapping of emission from to 3
will be possible in the near future with HETDEX, while far-infrared lines
require new dedicated experiments. We also show that the proposed SPHEREx
satellite can use OII and IM to study the large-scale
distribution of matter in intermediate redshifts of 1 to 4. We found that
submilimeter experiments with bolometers can have similar performances at
intermediate redshifts using CII and CO(3-2).Comment: 18 pages, 21 figures, 5 tables, published in MNRAS, typos correcte
- …