Biologie De La Reproduction Du Sciaenidae Pseudotolithus Elongatus Dans La Lagune Ebrie (Cote d’Ivoire)

The study of reproduction of Pseudotolithus elongatus in the Ebrie lagoon was investigated between July 2013 and June 2015 on a whole of individuals of 550 specimens. the total length ranges from 14.5 to 42.7 cm. The monthly evolution of the gonado-somatic index (GSI), the liver-somatic index (LSI), the condition factor (K), the Sex-ratio, the fecundity, the diameter of eggs revealed that this species spawns throughout the year but the main breeding period was in raining season. Sex-ratio observed was in favour of females (1: 1. 14; X2 = 2.26; p > 0.05). The percentage of mature specimens by sexes was calculated for each size class. Total length at first maturity was 21.06 cm for females and 20.21cm for males. The ripe ovaries contained 39883-814757 eggs. The relative fecundity was 216-1979 eggs per g of body weight of females. And the mean diameter of eggs is 336 ±138 microns

Caractéristiques morphologique et histologique des gonades de Pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825) de la lagune Ebrié en Côte d’Ivoire

Pseudotolithus elongatus est un poisson régulièrement rencontré dans les débarquements de la pêche artisanale et commerciale pratiquée en lagune Ebrié. Cependant, en Côte d’Ivoire aucune étude n’a encore été menée sur cette espèce bien qu’elle ait une valeur commerciale élevée et qu’elle soit beaucoup prisée par la population. Du fait de l'intérêt commercial que présente P. elongatus, l'étude de sa reproduction est nécessaire si l'on souhaite assurer la pérennité de l’espèce et satisfaire le consommateur. L’étude de la morphologie et de l’histologie des gonades a été basée sur la taille, la forme, la coloration la présence ou l’absence d’ovocytes mûrs, le diamètre des ovocytes et l’observation histologique. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé six stades de maturation des gonades avec une gamétogenèse continue observée chez cette espèce. L’ensemble de ces informations contribueront à pérenniser l’espèce par une gestion rationnelle du stock.   English title: Morphological and histological characteristics of the gonads of pseudotolithus elongatus (Bowdich, 1825), from Ebrié lagoon, Côte d’Ivoire Pseudotolithus elongatus is a fish regularly met in the landings of the artisanal and commercial fishing on Ebrie lagoon. However, in Ivory Coast no study has been conducted on this species although it has a high commercial value and it is very appreciated by the people. Because of the commercial interest of P. elongatus studying its reproduction is necessary if one wishes to improve operations in order to ensure the sustainability of the species and satisfy the consumer. The studies of gonads morphology and histology of Pseudotolithus elongatus was based on the size, shape, staining of the gonads, the presence or absence of ripe oocytes, the diameter of the oocytes and the histological observation. The results obtained indicate six stages of gonad maturation with continuous gametogenesis observed in this species. All of this information will contribute to perpetuate this species through rational management of the stock. &nbsp

Reproduction De Heterotis Niloticus (Cuvier, 1829) De La Riviere Agneby (Cote d’Ivoire)

The reproductive biology of Heterotis niloticus has been studied from monthly samples taken from artisanal fishing on the Agneby river during the period june 2013 to May 2015. The whole sample consisted of 498 specimens of which 269 females and 229 males were examined. Sex-ratio observed was in favour of females (1: 1.17; X2 = 3.21; p > 0.05). The monthly evolution of the gonado-somatic index (GSI), the liver-somatic index (LSI), the condition factor (K) and maturation stages suggests that this fish has two periods of reproduction. The two periods were respectively from june to august and from november to december. The standard length at first sexual maturity was 490.6 mm for females and 436.3 mm for males. The absolute fecundity was ranged from 5424 to 25591 oocytes in females of 595 mm to 780 mm standard length. The relative fecundity was 3752± 1491 oocytes/kg of female

Epidemiological and histopathological patterns of salivary gland tumors in Cameroon

Introduction: Tumors of salivary glands are rare. According to Johns and Goldsmith in 1989, their annual incidence is less than 1/100000 without noteworthy geographical gap. But other authors suggest that their distribution may vary according to the race and geographical location.In Cameroon, existing studies give incomplete data. Hence, we underwent this study in order to draw the general profile of salivary gland tumors in Cameroon. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on the period spanning from January 2000 to December 2010 (11 years). It was done in nine Pathology services of different hospitals in Yaoundé, Douala and Bamenda. We consulted the archive registers of those services, retaining any patient with salivary gland tumor, whatever the histological type or location. Information gathered was the year of diagnosis, the service, the age and sex, the site of the tumor (gland) the histological type and the benign/ malignant character. Results: We recruited a total of 275 files. Women were 56% (154/275) and men 44% (121/275) of the sample. Fifty eight tumors were malignant (21.9%) while 217 were benign (78.1%). The overall mean age was 37.44 years, with extremes between 1 and 84 years. Pleomorphic adenoma (60.36%) was the most common benign tumor. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (31%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (22.4%) and adenocarcinoma (19%) were the most common malignan tumors. Palate (66.7%), cheek (30%) and lips (3.3%) were the sites were the minor salivary glands were mostly involved. Conclusion: The differences with western world authors suggest a geographical variability of salivary gland tumors.Pan African Medical Journal 2016; 2

Metabolic syndrome and fatal outcomes in the post-stroke event: a 5-year cohort study in Cameroon

Background and Purpose: Determinants of post-acute stroke outcomes in Africa have been less investigated. We assessed the association of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and insulin resistance with post-stroke mortality in patients with first-ever-in-lifetime stroke in the capital city of Cameroon (sub-Saharan Africa). METHODS: Patients with an acute first-stroke event (n = 57) were recruited between May and October 2006, and followed for 5 years for mortality outcome. MetS definition was based on the Joint Interim Statement 2009, insulin sensitivity/resistance assessed via glucose-to-insulin ratio, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index and homeostatic model assessment. RESULTS: Overall, 24 (42%) patients deceased during follow-up. The prevalence of MetS was higher in patients who died after 28 days, 1 year and 5 years from any cause or cardiovascular-related causes (all p≤ 0.040). MetS was associated with an increased overall mortality both after 1 year (39% vs. 9%) and 5 years of follow-up (55% vs. 26%, p  = 0.022). Similarly, fatal events due to cardiovascular-related conditions were more frequent in the presence of MetS both 1 year (37% vs. 9%) and 5 years after the first-ever-in-lifetime stroke (43% vs. 13%, p  = 0.017). Unlike biochemical measures of insulin sensitivity and resistance (non-significant), in age- and sex-adjusted Cox models, MetS was associated with hazard ratio (95% CI) of 2.63 (1.03-6.73) and 3.54 (1.00-12.56) respectively for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality 5 years after stroke onset. CONCLUSION: The Joint Interim Statement 2009 definition of MetS may aid the identification of a subgroup of black African stroke patients who may benefit from intensification of risk factor management

GJB2 and GJB6 mutations in hereditary recessive non-syndromic hearing impairment in Cameroon

This study aimed to investigate GJB2 (connexin 26) and GJB6 (connexin 30) mutations associated with familial non-syndromic childhood hearing impairment (HI) in Cameroon. We selected only families segregating HI, with at least two affected individuals and with strong evidence of non-environmental causes. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood, and the entire coding region of GJB2 was interrogated using Sanger sequencing. Multiplex PCR and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze the prevalence of the GJB6-D3S1830 deletion. A total of 93 patients, belonging to 41 families, were included in the analysis. Hearing impairment was sensorineural in 51 out of 54 (94.4%) patients. Pedigree analysis suggested autosomal recessive inheritance in 85.4% (35/41) of families. Hearing impairment was inherited in an autosomal dominant and mitochondrial mode in 12.2% (5/41) and 2.4% (1/41) of families, respectively. Most HI participants were non-syndromic (92.5%; 86/93). Four patients from two families presented with type 2 Waardenburg syndrome, and three cases of type 2 Usher syndrome were identified in one family. No GJB2 mutations were found in any of the 29 families with non-syndromic HI. Additionally, the GJB6-D3S1830 deletion was not identified in any of the HI patients. This study confirms that mutations in the GJB2 gene and the del(GJB6-D13S1830) mutation do not contribute to familial HI in Cameroon.Edmond Tingang Wonkam, Emile Chimusa, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Samuel Mawuli Adadey, Jean Valentin F. Fokouo and Ambroise Wonka

Is hearing impairment associated with HIV? A systematic review of data from low- and middle-income countries.

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review evidence on the prevalence and characteristics of hearing impairment among children and adults living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). METHODS: Articles were identified up to January 2016 through searching four electronic databases. Epidemiological studies conducted in LMIC that explored the association between HIV status and hearing loss, with or without an HIV-uninfected comparison group, were eligible for inclusion. Results were screened and assessed for eligibility, and data were extracted by two reviewers, with discussion in the case of disagreement. Findings were narratively synthesised. RESULTS: The search identified 638 unique references, of which 21 studies were included in the review, including 3491 people with HIV from 13 LMIC. There was lack of consistency in the definition used for hearing loss, making comparability across studies difficult. Among children with HIV, across the three studies that used a cut-off of >15 dB in either ear, the prevalence of hearing loss ranged from 22 to 37%. Among the three studies that used >25 dB in either ear, the prevalence ranged from 32 to 39%. Among adults with HIV, for the five studies that used a threshold of >25 dB for either ear, the prevalence ranged from 10 to 43%. The prevalence of hearing impairment was significantly higher among people with HIV than in controls in eight of the ten studies that assessed this comparison. Conductive hearing loss was the most common type of hearing loss in children with HIV, while sensorineural hearing loss was more common in adults with HIV. There was a lack of evidence for an association between ART use and hearing loss, although there was some suggestion that late stage of HIV disease or low CD4 count was related to hearing loss. There were concerns about the quality of the studies included in the review. CONCLUSIONS: The current evidence is suggestive of a high prevalence of hearing loss among people living with HIV compared to people without HIV, or to WHO estimates for the general population. More research is needed to better understand the aetiology of hearing loss in relation to HIV, and whether screening for and treatment of hearing loss can be effectively integrated into HIV treatment services needs further research

Epithélioma calcifié de Malherbe : à propos d’un cas avec revue de la littérature

Le pilomatricome outumeur de Malherbe est une rare tumeur bénigne de la peau, provenant de la matrice du poil. Son traitement est chirurgical. Elle est peu connue mais présente des caractéristiques particulières qui peuvent y faire penser. Notre objectif est de rapporter le cas d’un adolescent de 17 ans, suivi d’une brève revue de la littérature.Mots-clés : Pilomatricome, tumeur de Malherbe,tumeurs cutanées. Pilomatricoma or Malherbe’s tumour is a rare benign skin tumour originating from the hair matrix. Its treatment is surgical. It is poorlyknown although it presents peculiar characteristics which can lead to its diagnosis. We report the case of an adolescent, and then we do a shortliterature review. Key words : pilomatricoma, Malherbe’s tumour, skin tumour