139 research outputs found
Correctly validating results from single molecule data: the case of stretched exponential decay in the catalytic activity of single lipase B molecules
The question of how to validate and interpret correctly the waiting time
probability density functions (WT-PDFs) from single molecule data is addressed.
It is shown by simulation that when a stretched exponential WT-PDF, with a
stretched exponent alfa and a time scale parameter tau, generates the off
periods of a two-state trajectory, a reliable recovery of the input WT-PDF from
the trajectory is obtained even when the bin size used to define the
trajectory, dt, is much larger than the parameter tau. This holds true as long
as the first moment of the WT-PDF is much larger than dt. Our results validate
the results in an earlier study of the activity of single Lipase B molecules
and disprove recent related critique
The rule for a subdiffusive particle in an extremely diverse environment
The dynamics of a subdiffusive continuous time random walker in an
inhomogeneous environment is analyzed. In each microscopic jump, a random time
is drawn from a waiting time probability density function (WT-PDF) that decays
as a power law: phi(t;k)~k/(1+kt)^(1+beta), 0<beta<1. The parameter k, which is
the diffusion coefficient for the jump, is a random quantity also; in each
jump, it is drawn from a PDF, p(k)~1/k^gamma (0<gamma<1). We show that this
system exhibits a transition in the scaling law of its effective WT-PDF,
psi(t), which is obtained when averaging phi(t;k) with p(k). psi(t) decays as a
power law, psi(t)~1/t^(1+mu), and mu is given by two different formula. When
1-gamma> beta;, mu=beta, but when 1-gamma<beta, mu=1-gamma. The transition in
the scaling of psi(t) reflects the competition between two different mechanisms
for subdiffusion: subdiffusion due to the heavily tailed phi(t;k) for
microscopic jumps, and subdiffusion due to the collective effect of an
environment made of many slow local regions. These two different mechanisms for
subdiffusion are not additive, and compete each other. The reported transition
is dimension independent, and disappears when the power beta is also
distributed, in the range, 0<bate<1. Simulations exemplified the transition,
and implications are discussed
Kinetic Path Summation, Multi--Sheeted Extension of Master Equation, and Evaluation of Ergodicity Coefficient
We study the Master equation with time--dependent coefficients, a linear
kinetic equation for the Markov chains or for the monomolecular chemical
kinetics. For the solution of this equation a path summation formula is proved.
This formula represents the solution as a sum of solutions for simple kinetic
schemes (kinetic paths), which are available in explicit analytical form. The
relaxation rate is studied and a family of estimates for the relaxation time
and the ergodicity coefficient is developed. To calculate the estimates we
introduce the multi--sheeted extensions of the initial kinetics. This approach
allows us to exploit the internal ("micro")structure of the extended kinetics
without perturbation of the base kinetics.Comment: The final journal versio
Renewal-anomalous-heterogeneous files
Renewal-anomalous-heterogeneous files are solved. A simple file is made of
Brownian hard spheres that diffuse stochastically in an effective 1D channel.
Generally, Brownian files are heterogeneous: the spheres' diffusion
coefficients are distributed and the initial spheres' density is non-uniform.
In renewal-anomalous files, the distribution of waiting times for individual
jumps is exponential as in Brownian files, yet obeys: {\psi}_{\alpha}
(t)~t^(-1-{\alpha}), 0<{\alpha}<1. The file is renewal as all the particles
attempt to jump at the same time. It is shown that the mean square displacement
(MSD) in a renewal-anomalous-heterogeneous file, , obeys,
~[_{nrml}]^{\alpha}, where _{nrml} is the MSD in the
corresponding Brownian file. This scaling is an outcome of an exact relation
(derived here) connecting probability density functions of Brownian files and
renewal-anomalous files. It is also shown that non-renewal-anomalous files are
slower than the corresponding renewal ones.Comment: Accepted for publication (August, 2010
Translocation of a Single Stranded DNA Through a Conformationally Changing Nanopore
We investigate the translocation of a single stranded DNA through a pore
which fluctuates between two conformations, using coupled master equations. The
probability density function of the first passage times (FPT) of the
translocation process is calculated, displaying a triple, double or mono peaked
behavior, depending on the interconversion rates between the conformations, the
applied electric field, and the initial conditions. The cumulative probability
function of the FPT, in a field-free environment, is shown to have two regimes,
characterized by fast and slow timescales. An analytical expression for the
mean first passage time of the translocation process is derived, and provides,
in addition to the interconversion rates, an extensive characterization of the
translocation process. Relationships to experimental observations are
discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Biophys. J., in pres
Toolbox for analyzing finite two-state trajectories
In many experiments, the aim is to deduce an underlying multi-substate on-off
kinetic scheme (KS) from the statistical properties of a two-state trajectory.
However, the mapping of a KS into a two-state trajectory leads to the loss of
information about the KS, and so, in many cases, more than one KS can be
associated with the data. We recently showed that the optimal way to solve this
problem is to use canonical forms of reduced dimensions (RD). RD forms are
on-off networks with connections only between substates of different states,
where the connections can have non-exponential waiting time probability density
functions (WT-PDFs). In theory, only a single RD form can be associated with
the data. To utilize RD forms in the analysis of the data, a RD form should be
associated with the data. Here, we give a toolbox for building a RD form from a
finite two-state trajectory. The methods in the toolbox are based on known
statistical methods in data analysis, combined with statistical methods and
numerical algorithms designed specifically for the current problem. Our toolbox
is self-contained - it builds a mechanism based only on the information it
extracts from the data, and its implementation on the data is fast (analyzing a
10^6 cycle trajectory from a thirty-parameter mechanism takes a couple of hours
on a PC with a 2.66 GHz processor). The toolbox is automated and is freely
available for academic research upon electronic request
Insight into Resonant Activation in Discrete Systems
The resonant activation phenomenon (RAP) in a discrete system is studied
using the master equation formalism. We show that the RAP corresponds to a
non-monotonic behavior of the frequency dependent first passage time
probability density function (pdf). An analytical expression for the resonant
frequency is introduced, which, together with numerical results, helps
understand the RAP behavior in the space spanned by the transition rates for
the case of reflecting and absorbing boundary conditions. The limited range of
system parameters for which the RAP occurs is discussed. We show that a minimum
and a maximum in the mean first passage time (MFPT) can be obtained when both
boundaries are absorbing. Relationships to some biological systems are
suggested.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, Phys. Rev. E., in pres
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