Relations Between Personality and Coping: A Meta-Analysis

Personality may directly facilitate or constrain coping, but relations of personality to coping have been inconsistent across studies, suggesting a need for greater attention to methods and samples. This meta-analysis tested moderators of relations between Big Five personality traits and coping using 2,653 effect sizes drawn from 165 samples and 33,094 participants. Personality was weakly related to broad coping (e.g., Engagement or Disengagement), but all 5 traits predicted specific strategies. Extraversion and Conscientiousness predicted more problem-solving and cognitive restructuring, Neuroticism less. Neuroticism predicted problematic strategies like wishful thinking, withdrawal, and emotion-focused coping but, like Extraversion, also predicted support seeking. Personality more strongly predicted coping in young samples, stressed samples, and samples reporting dispositional rather than situation-specific coping. Daily versus retrospective coping reports and self-selected versus researcher-selected stressors also moderated relations between personality and coping. Cross-cultural differences were present, and ethnically diverse samples showed more protective effects of personality. Richer understanding of the role of personality in the coping process requires assessment of personality facets and specific coping strategies, use of laboratory and daily report studies, and multivariate analyses

Using output to evaluate and refine rules in rule-based expert systems

The techniques described provide an effective tool which knowledge engineers and domain experts can utilize to help in evaluating and refining rules. These techniques have been used successfully as learning mechanisms in a prototype adaptive diagnostic expert system and are applicable to other types of expert systems. The degree to which they constitute complete evaluation/refinement of an expert system depends on the thoroughness of their use

COMMUTERS' EXPOSURE TO PARTICULATE MATTER AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN HANOI : A PILOT STUDY

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Genetic Variation in the CYP2C Monooxygenase Enzyme Subfamily Shows No Association With Longevity in a German Population

Cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially the CYP2C subfamily, are involved in the generation of reactive oxygen species and are regarded as susceptibility factors for age-related diseases. Furthermore, the CYP2C-encoding genes are known to be highly polymorphic, with a number of variants leading to changes in enzyme activity. These observations prompted us to investigate whether allelic variation in the CYP2C-encoding genes was associated with human longevity. In a comprehensive haplotype tagging approach, we genotyped 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms located in the CYP2C gene family (CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C18, and CYP2C19) in our extensive collection of 1,384 long-lived individuals (centenarians and nonagenarians) and 945 younger controls. None of the tested single nucleotide polymorphisms showed a significant association with the longevity phenotype at the allele, genotype, or haplotype level. These results suggest that there is no notable influence of sequence variation in the CYP2C genes on longevity in the examined German populatio

AKT1 fails to replicate as a longevity-associated gene in Danish and German nonagenarians and centenarians

In addition to APOE and FOXO3, AKT1 has recently been suggested as a third consistent longevity gene, with variants in AKT1 found to be associated with human lifespan in two previous studies. Here, we evaluated AKT1 as a longevity-associated gene across populations by attempting to replicate the previously identified variant rs3803304 as well as by analyzing six additional AKT1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, thus capturing more of the common variation in the gene. The study population was 2996 long-lived individuals (nonagenarians and centenarians) and 1840 younger controls of Danish and German ancestry. None of the seven SNPs tested were significantly associated with longevity in either a case–control or a longitudinal setting, although a supportive nominal indication of a disadvantageous effect of rs3803304 was found in a restricted group of Danish centenarian men. Overall, our results do not support AKT1 as a universal longevity-associated gene

An Analysis of Reinhold Niebuhr\u27s Critique of Martin Luther\u27s Two Kingdom Doctrine

In one section of his book, The Nature and Destiny of Man, Reinhold Niebuhr constructs a critique of the Lutheran Reformation, and particularly of Martin Luther\u27s theology as the formative theoretical base of Lutheran Reformation theology. ‘One of Niebuhr\u27s specific charges was that the Lutheran Reformation was explicitly defeatist when confronting the problems of realizing justice in the collective life of man. Niebuhr lays a great deal of the blame for this “Lutheran defeatism on Luther\u27s formulation of the two kingdom doctrine and his application of it to legitimize the suppression by the government of the peasant revolt of 1525

Recent researches on the air resistance of spheres

The following conclusions on air resistance of spheres are drawn: 1) disturbances in front of the sphere and even single fine wires affect the critical Reynolds Number; 2) disturbances around the sphere increased the drag of the sphere without martially affecting the value of the Reynolds Number(sub crith); 3) great disturbances of the boundary layer of the sphere likewise change R.N.(sub crith); 4) turbulence of the approaching air stream lowers critical R.N

Experimental Investigation of Aircraft Propellers Exposed to Oblique Air Currents

Two screw propellers, a normal airplane propeller with a pitch/diameter ratio H/D = 0.5 and a helicopter propeller H/D = 0.2 were tested in the large wind tunnel of the Gottigen Aerodynamic Institute. With both propellers the angle between the propeller axis and the direction of the wind was varied from 0 to 90 degrees. In addition to the three force and the three moment components in a wind-fast coordinate system, the corresponding components in a propeller-fast coordinate system, a total of six force and six moment components, together with the propulsive efficiency, were measured or calculated from measurements. The results are given in the form of diagrams and briefly discussed. The propeller models and method of experimentation are described and the symbols are defined

Human longevity and common variations in the LMNA gene: a meta‐analysis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/92016/1/j.1474-9726.2012.00808.x.pd