Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Barreiras e desafios para melhoria da integração interfuncional entre Desenvolvimento de Produto e Planejamento e Controle da Produção em ambiente Engineering-to-Order

ResumoA integração interfuncional é apontada por diversos trabalhos como uma alternativa para o aumento da excelência operacional, melhorando o desempenho organizacional por meio da melhoria da interação e colaboração nos processos organizacionais. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir barreiras e desafios para melhoria da integração interfuncional entre Desenvolvimento de Produto (DP) e Planejamento e Controle da Produção (PCP) em Sistemas de Produção que adotam a estratégia de resposta à demanda Engineering-to-Order (ETO). Para atingir o objetivo proposto, foram utilizados um referencial teórico sobre os temas de interesse e constatações obtidas a partir do estudo de caso de três empresas metal mecânicas de grande porte que projetam e fabricam bens de capital sob encomenda. Como principais resultados, foram observadas barreiras e desafios relacionados à interação entre as áreas funcionais durante o processo de atendimento de pedido e a necessidade de ações que busquem melhorar a interação e colaboração entre DP e PCP, levando em conta as peculiaridades do ambiente ETO

Identificação dos principais autores em planejamento e controle da produção por meio de um survey mundial com pesquisadores da área Identification of production planning and control (PPC) top authors by means of a world survey with PPC researchers

O planejamento e controle da produção (PCP), apesar de ser uma área antiga e possuir uma enorme quantidade de pesquisas já desenvolvidas, ainda não tem um consenso sobre quem são os seus principais autores. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais autores da área PCP por meio de um survey mundial com pesquisadores da área. Foram identificados os dez principais autores na opinião dos pesquisadores entrevistados, bem como a influência (direta ou indireta ou sobre algum problema específico do PCP) e o impacto (na indústria ou na teoria e na pesquisa ou no ensino do PCP) dos principais autores. As principais contribuições deste artigo são: i) detectar, dentre uma infinidade de obras relacionadas ao PCP, quais são as de maior impacto para a área; ii) direcionar os estudos daqueles que têm interesse em aprofundar seus conhecimentos na área de PCP por meio da apresentação dos principais livros e autores da área; e iii) valorizar os principais autores da área e dar o primeiro passo na determinação dos grandes mentores ("gurus") do PCP.<br>Although the Production Planning and Control (PPC) area is very old and has a large number of research papers written, it has no agreement regarding who are the PPC top authors. The main aim of this paper is to identify the PPC top authors by means of a survey with PPC researchers. Ten PPC top authors were identified, as well as their influence (direct or indirect or about some specific PPC problem) and impact (in industry or in theory and in research or in PPC teaching) in the PPC area. The main contributions of this paper are: i) identify, among a great number of books regarding PPC, which books have more influence on the PPC area; ii) guide the study of the PPC by means of presenting the main books and authors of PPC; iii) value the PPC top authors, serving as a first step in determining the PPC gurus

Sistemas de coordenação de ordens: revisão, classificação, funcionamento e aplicabilidade Systems for coordinating orders: review, classification, operationality and applicability

O foco deste trabalho são os ordering systems, os quais são sistemas de informação que programam ou organizam as necessidades em termos de componentes e materiais e/ou controlam a emissão/liberação das ordens de produção e compra, podendo conter ou não regras de seqüenciamento das ordens. Dentro deste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivos: apresentar uma nova nomenclatura para os ordering systems, sistemas de coordenação de ordens de produção e compra (SCO); apresentar uma tipologia que permita classificar os diversos sistemas de forma racional; destacar alguns sistemas altamente promissores em termos de aplicação e que são relativamente desconhecidos no Brasil e, trazer à tona um tema importantíssimo dentro do planejamento e controle da produção (PCP) e que está um tanto esquecido na literatura científica nacional.<br>Ordering systems are the focus of this work. Ordering systems are information systems which schedule or organize requirements in terms of components and materials and/or control the production and purchase orders emission/release being able to restrain or not rules of sequencing orders. Within this context, this paper intends: to present a new nomenclature for ordering systems, Systems for Coordinating purchase and production Orders (SCO); to present a typology that is able to classify all the systems in a rational way; to discuss some systems which have high potential for success applications and that are relatively unknown in Brazil and, to highlight a theme which is highly important to Production Planning and Control (PPC) in the scientific Brazilian literature

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data