40 research outputs found
Evidencias do cambio climático na hidrografía e a dinámica das rías e da plataforma galega
16 páginas, 9 figuras, 3 tablas[EN] This study is focused on multidecadal-scale variations of the hydrographic and hydrodynamic features
of Rías and shelf waters off Galicia. Water masses take, through their thermohaline characteristics,
a footprint of the climatic variability, mainly caused by changes either in the hydrological budget
(precipitation, evaporation, runoff), in heat exchange and wind stress. In this study we focus in the
evidences of change in the surface and sub-surface water mass characteristics. Regarding surface
water masses, a significant warming during the last 45 years has been noticed, at a rate of 0.17 ºC/
decade. This warming was especially intense from the 1970’s, 0.27 ºC/decade. The tendency is
opposite in subsurface waters, but it only takes into account data from the last 15 years. Regarding
hydrodynamics, because of its strong influence in the renewal time of the Rías and consequently in
their living resources, a study of decadal changes in the estuarine circulation of the Rías de Vigo
and Arousa has been made. Results showed a progressive decay in the estuarine circulation, which causes an increase of renewal times. On the other hand, indirect evidence of a possible deceleration
of the winter Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) are reported. This slow down is partially caused by a
decrease in the meridional (N-S) temperature gradient off the Iberian coast. Nevertheless, the fall of
the meridional gradient is not clear because it has been inferred from surface waters. On the contrary,
IPC seems to be intensified by the increasing southerly autumn winds, although it appears weakened
by the decreasing southerly winter winds. Thus, the overall effect of the CIP is still uncertain. Finally, a
study of sea level and wave changes on the Galician coast has been made. An increase of (2-2.5 cm/
decade) in the sea level as well as a decrease in the wave height (3 cm/decade) has been reported,
but in this last topic results are not significant[GA] Este estudo centrarase en determinar as variacións que ocorren a escalas multidecadais nas características
hidrográficas e hidrodinámicas das augas das rías e da plataforma fronte a Galicia. As
masas de auga reciben a través das súas características termohalinas unha pegada das alteracións
climáticas, principalmente a causa de cambios no balance hidrolóxico (precipitación, evaporación,
achegas continentais), do intercambio de calor e da acción do vento. Neste estudo analizaremos
as evidencias de cambio nas características das masas de auga superficiais e subsuperficiais. Nas
primeiras detectouse quentamento de xeito significativo nos últimos 45 anos a unha taxa media de
0,17 ºC por década, especialmente intenso desde hai 30 anos, 0,27 ºC por década. Nas augas
subsuperficiais a tendencia é a inversa, aínda que só se conta con datos dos últimos 15 anos. En
canto á hidrodinámica, e pola súa forte implicación nos tempos de renovación da ría e, polo tanto,
nos recursos mariños que viven nela, fíxose un estudo sobre os cambios na circulación estuárica das
rías de Vigo e Arousa nas últimas décadas. Os resultados amosan un descenso paulatino a longa
escala temporal da circulación que causa un aumento dos tempos de renovación. Por outra banda,
achéganse evidencias indirectas dunha posible ralentización da corrente invernal cara ao Polo (CIP)
causada por un descenso no gradiente meridional (N-S) de temperatura fronte ás costas ibéricas.
Non obstante, o descenso do gradiente meridional non está claro, pois induciuse só a partir de datos
superficiais. Ademais, a propia CIP amosa estar intensificada pola maior intensidade dos ventos sur
no outono e debilitada polo descenso dos ventos do sur no inverno, polo que o efecto global na CIP
é aínda incerto. Por último, faise un estudo dos cambios do nivel do mar e da ondada nas costas
galegas que amosa un aumento daquel (2-2,5 cm/década) e un descenso desta (3 cm/década),
aínda que no caso da ondada os resultados non son concluíntesPeer reviewe
Recovery of eutrophized marine ecosystems using the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis
The development of tourism and intensification of agriculture has released large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus into the Mar Menor coastal lagoon in South-east Spain, resulting in a phytoplankton bloom in 2016. This bloom turned the clear and transparent waters turbid and greenish, and killed approximately 85% of benthic macrophytes. Nutrient bioextraction by flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, has been proposed for remediation of these eutrophication events and water quality recovery. This research aims to quantify the clearance rate and investigate the genetic origin of Mar Menor oysters under eutrophized conditions for potential applications to bioremediation projects. Oligotrophic and eutrophic conditions were replicated in the laboratory, and oyster feeding behaviour (i.e. clearance rates, ingestion rates, absorption efficiency and absorption rates) were studied using a flow-through system. The genetic characterization of oysters showed no significant difference between individuals from the Mar Menor and individuals collected from a nearby Mediterranean bed (Tabarca Island). Based on the physiological results observed, oysters were grouped into high-feeder (HF) and low-feeder (LF) categories according to their clearance rate, that was 3-fold higher in the HF group. Different responses in feeding behaviour were observed under eutrophic conditions in both oyster groups. Constraints in the absorption capacity of LF oysters seemed to be related to their reduced filtering activity. Lower body condition of LF oysters was evidenced by their negative scope for growth value. From this work, several conclusions can be drawn for future restoration/bioextraction actions: (i) the recovery of half of the oyster population that existed in the past would act as an effective top-down control on the phytoplankton community; (ii) using clearance rate measurements is recommended to select oysters as broodstock; and (iii) Mediterranean oysters could be used as broodstock in the event that Mar Menor oysters fail to reproduce.We appreciate the work done by Francisco Gomez in the maintenance and feeding of the oyster and support on the physiological measurements. We also appreciate the technical assistance of Susana Sánchez with the genetic analyses. English has been reviewed by Selby Clarke (PhD student, Dalhousie University, Canada). This research has been performed in the scope of the RemediOS Project, developed with the collaboration of the Biodiversity Foundation (Spanish Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge), through the Pleamar Program, co-financed by the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF). Genetic analyses have been financed by the General Direction of the Mar Menor from the Murcia Regional Government (Reference 2021/009284).Peer reviewe
FICARAM-15 Cruise Report 20th March – 22nd May 2013 on board BIO Hespérides by the Group FICARAM
54 páginas, 19 figuras, 3 anexosThe FICARAM-15 is the fifteenth repetition of a section conducted in 1994. This section is part
of the international program GOSHIP (http://www.go-ship.org/CruisePlans.html) to develop a
globally coordinated network of sustained hydrographic sections as part of the global
ocean/climate observing system.
The objective of the FICARAM-15 cruise is to investigate the temporal evolution of the
anthropogenic carbon and evaluate the CO2 absorption capacity of the South Atlantic region, the
Equatorial zone, and the subtropical region of Azores-Gibraltar in the North Atlantic. This cruise
is supported by the CATARINA project funded by the Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness (CTM2010-17141) and is part of the European Union FP7 project
CARBOCHANGE (http://carbochange.b.uib.no/). The objective of FICARAM-15 cruise is
framed in the CATARINA project conducted by the tasks I.2.1 (air-sea CO2 exchange) I.3
(ventilation of water masses), I.4.1 (zonal variability of N2O and CH4), I.4.2 (anthropogenic
carbon storage), I.4.4 (saturation horizon of calcium carbonate along the section) and I.5.4
(evolution of the acidification rates).
Another component of the FICARAM-15 cruise aims to examine the biological and
biogeochemical mechanisms that hinder total dissolved organic carbon (DOC) remineralisation
in marine systems, taking a multidisciplinary perspective and applying many different
approaches. This is the global objective of the Spanish project DOREMI (CTM2012-34294) that
joins this FICARAM-15 cruise.During the FICARAM cruise the physical oceanography group was responsible for collecting the
following data sets: CTD and XBT data; vessel-mounted ADCP and lowered ADCP; continuous
thermosalinograph. Physical oceanographers participated in the cruise financed through Project
“Tipping Corners in the Meridional Overturning Circulation” (TIC-MOC), CTM2011-28867.
The FICARAM-15 cruise was organized in two phases with a common sampling.
LEG 1: From Punta Arenas (Chile) to Recife (Brazil): 62 stations.
Chief Scientist: Aida F. Ríos, PI of CATARINA project
LEG 2: From Recife (Brazil) to Cartagena (Spain): 46 stations
Chief Scientist: Celia Marrasé, PI of DOREMI project
This report contains the sampling of all the variables at each station along the FICARAM
section, as well as the analysis of the biogeochemical variables and the preliminary results. The
principal investigator of the DOREMI project produced another report with the common
sampling section, showing the analysis and results of the experiments on dissolved organic
matter carried out on board.This cruise
is supported by the CATARINA project funded by the Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness (CTM2010-17141) and is part of the European Union FP7 project
CARBOCHANGE (http://carbochange.b.uib.no/)Peer reviewe
Poetics/Poelitics of materiality in latin american digital poetry
Este artículo propone leer la poesía digital latinoamericana en vinculación con el acontecimiento poético-político que emerge cuando se considera su materialidad. Dar visibilidad a la materialidad habilita limitar la naturalización de los sentidos que vienen asociados a la cultura digital hegemónica contemporánea. Esto se logra desde procedimientos que ponen de relieve tanto los diversos niveles de materialidad inherentes a cada evento artístico literario digital —materialidad textual de superficie, materialidad relacional de las interfaces tanto de software como de hardware, materialidad del código— como los modos convencionales de ser con y hacer sentido de los entramados técnicos digitales que organizan nuestra vida cotidiana.This paper aims to read Latin American digital poetry in regards to the poetic-political event that emerges whenever its materiality is considered. To make materiality visible enables one to restrict the naturalization of meanings associate with contemporary hegemonic digital culture. This is accomplished through artistic procedures that emphasize, on the one hand, the multiple levels of materiality inherent to digital literary works— surface/textual materiality, software and hardware interface relational materiality, code materiality—and, on the other hand, the conventional ways to interact with and build meaning within the digital space that organize everyday life.Fil: Kozak, Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani". Estudios Culturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tres de Febrero; Argentin
Coalescent Simulations Reveal Hybridization and Incomplete Lineage Sorting in Mediterranean Linaria
We examined the phylogenetic history of Linaria with special emphasis on the Mediterranean sect. Supinae (44 species). We revealed extensive highly supported incongruence among two nuclear (ITS, AGT1) and two plastid regions (rpl32-trnLUAG, trnS-trnG). Coalescent simulations, a hybrid detection test and species tree inference in *BEAST revealed that incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization may both be responsible for the incongruent pattern observed. Additionally, we present a multilabelled *BEAST species tree as an alternative approach that allows the possibility of observing multiple placements in the species tree for the same taxa. That permitted the incorporation of processes such as hybridization within the tree while not violating the assumptions of the *BEAST model. This methodology is presented as a functional tool to disclose the evolutionary history of species complexes that have experienced both hybridization and incomplete lineage sorting. The drastic climatic events that have occurred in the Mediterranean since the late Miocene, including the Quaternary-type climatic oscillations, may have made both processes highly recurrent in the Mediterranean flora
Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)
The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes and functional assays of all major human and murine immune cell subsets. Notably, the Guidelines contain helpful tables highlighting phenotypes and key differences between human and murine cells. Another useful feature of this edition is the flow cytometry analysis of clinical samples with examples of flow cytometry applications in the context of autoimmune diseases, cancers as well as acute and chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are sections detailing tips, tricks and pitfalls to avoid. All sections are written and peer‐reviewed by leading flow cytometry experts and immunologists, making this edition an essential and state‐of‐the‐art handbook for basic and clinical researchers.DFG, 389687267, Kompartimentalisierung, Aufrechterhaltung und Reaktivierung humaner Gedächtnis-T-Lymphozyten aus Knochenmark und peripherem BlutDFG, 80750187, SFB 841: Leberentzündungen: Infektion, Immunregulation und KonsequenzenEC/H2020/800924/EU/International Cancer Research Fellowships - 2/iCARE-2DFG, 252623821, Die Rolle von follikulären T-Helferzellen in T-Helferzell-Differenzierung, Funktion und PlastizitätDFG, 390873048, EXC 2151: ImmunoSensation2 - the immune sensory syste
Variabilidade climática e tendencias decadais nos forzamentos meteorolóxicos e as propiedades das augas adxacentes a Galicia
19 páginas, 8 figuras[EN] In this chapter, trends in the longest available series of oceanographic variables on the Galician
coast are analysed. Sea surface temperature and air temperature over the sea were obtained from
the ICOADS project, which compiled observations on board opportunity ships from the end of the
18th century. These temperatures increased at a rate of about a tenth of degree per decade. The increase is larger and more significant in sea surface temperature than in air temperature over the
sea and is comparable to the trend obtained in the average global temperature. Variability observed
in temperature is correlated with variability in the atmospheric forcing of the Atlantic Ocean described
by the teleconnection index NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation) and with the interdecadal oscillation
that has been described in the entire Atlantic Ocean basin (AMO, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
pattern). Since cycles of upwelling-downwelling are fundamental for the dynamics of coastal circulation
in Galicia, the trend in upwelling-favourable winds was studied. The upwelling index series calculated
from geostrophic winds at 43º N 11ºW shows a tendency of reduction of upwelling in the last
decades (from 1966), especially evident in a seasonal analysis. This trend is also apparent in surface
winds obtained from COADS project. A time series of temperature and salinity of subsurface waters
near the Galician coast was constructed and waters in the 27.1 isopycnal, close to the thermocline,
were analysed. No significant linear trend was observed, but interannual and decadal variability were
evident, with an alternation of periods of warmer and saltier waters with periods of less saline waters.
Taking the 80s as the origin for analysis of trends would lead to the conclusion that temperature and
salinity of these waters have increased, but the inspection of the entire series reveals that variability is
more complex. The change in trend in oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns over the Atlantic
observed in the 70s needs to be taken into account in any analysis of climatic trends in the Atlantic
and especially in waters adjacent to Galicia[GA] Neste capítulo analízanse as tendencias obtidas nas series máis longas dispoñibles de variables
oceanográficas nas costas galegas. A temperatura superficial do mar e do aire sobre o mar obtivéronse
do proxecto ICOADS , que recompilou observacións feitas a bordo de barcos desde finais do
século XVIII. A temperatura superficial do aire sobre o mar e a do mar aumentaron a unha taxa de
arredor dunha décima de grao por década. O aumento resulta un pouco maior e máis significativo
na temperatura do mar que na do aire, e é comparable ao obtido na temperatura media do globo.
A variabilidade observada na temperatura está correlacionada coa variabilidade no forzamento atmosférico
no Atlántico descrita co patrón de teleconexión NAO (North Atlantic Oscillation, oscilación
do atlántico norte) e coa oscilación interdecadal descrita en todo o Atlántico (patrón AMO, oscilación
atlántica multidecadal). Dado que os ciclos de afloramento-afundimento son fundamentais na
dinámica da circulación costeira en Galicia, analizouse a tendencia nos ventos favorables ao afloramento.
A serie de índice de afloramento calculada de ventos xeostróficos en 43º N 11º W mostra
unha tendencia de redución do afloramento nas últimas décadas (desde 1966), especialmente
evidente nunha análise estacional. Esta tendencia tamén é apreciable nos ventos en superficie do
mar obtidos do proxecto COADS . Construíse unha serie temporal de temperatura e salinidade nas
augas subsuperficiais na costa adxacente a Galicia e analizáronse as augas da isopicna 27.1, preto
da termoclina. Non se observou unha tendencia lineal significativa, pero si variabilidade interanual
e decadal, cunha alternancia de períodos de augas máis salinas e quentes con outros de augas
menos salinas. Se se toma como orixe na análise de tendencias a década dos oitenta, a conclusión
sería que a temperatura e a salinidade destas augas aumentou, pero a inspección da serie completa
revela que a variabilidade é máis complexa. O cambio de tendencia na década dos setenta nos patróns
de circulación atmosférica e oceánica no Atlántico debe ser tido en consideración en calquera
análise de tendencias climáticas no Atlántico e concretamente nas augas adxacentes a GaliciaA base de datos utilizada para a construción das series de temperatura e salinidade foi recompilada
durante o proxecto VACLAN , financiado polo IEO e polo Ministerio de Educación e Ciencia
(REN2003-08193-C03-00/MAR e CTM2007-64600/MAR). Parte da análise foi feita como contribución
ao proxecto REFORZA (PGIDIT06RMA60401PR), da Consellería de Innovación e Industria
da Xunta de Galicia. Este estudo foi financiado parcialmente pola Consellería de Medio Ambiente e
Desenvolvemento Sostible da Xunta de Galicia (Programa CLIGAL)Peer reviewe