IDEOLOGI DAN KONSTITUSI DALAM PERKEMBANGAN NEGARA-BANGSA INDONESIA: REKONSTRUKSI TRADISI, DEKOLONISASI, DAN DEMOKRATISASI

The research has purpose to investigate the development of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution as the ideology and the constitution of Indonesia amidst the development of nation-state post-World War II and post-Cold War and its implication to position of people as a nation and citizens. With a socio-legal approach, the research found that the development of Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution has changed from the ideology and the constitution of postcolonial to the ideology and the constitution of post authoritarian. The change is marked by reduction of reconstruction of tradition and decolonization in the 1945 Constitution. Then, those are replaced by a purpose to democratization of the 1945 Constitution according to the universal values. The change that emphasizes on majority rule and rational choice also has shifted character of people from collectivity as a nation to individuality as a citizen

Penyelenggaraan Pemerintahan Daerah dalam Urusan Konkuren Bidang Pelayanan Dasar di Kota Serang

This article aims to identify and describe problems regarding the implementation of local government in concurrent affairs of the basic services in Serang. Basic services based on Law Number 23 of 2014, include: a. education; b. Health; and c. Social. This article formulates the following problems: 1. What are the problems in Serang?, 2. What factors that influence the implementation of local government in education, health, and social affairs in Serang?. The author identifies four main problems: a. The condition and availability of regional infrastructure is not optimal; b. lack of innovation and low competitiveness of the regional economy; c. The implementation of governance is not yet optimal; and d. The implementation of local government in education, health and social affairs is not yet optimal. This research uses analytical descriptive research. Based on the four problems mentioned earlier, the local government should immediately design and reorganize priority scale programs in the Regional Development Work Plan (RKPD). It is hoped that it will have good impact toward the community and the implementation of local government based on the principles of good governance

Minister of Health Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 35 of 2014 on Reproductive Health Service Standards: Legal Review and Normative Aspects in Healthcare Practices

Abstract: Reproductive health rights are a crucial aspect of healthcare, particularly for women, with direct impacts on a country's social and economic development. In Indonesia, reproductive health issues are a primary focus for improving the quality of life. The Indonesian government issued Minister of Health Regulation No. 35 of 2014 to regulate Reproductive Health Service Standards, but its implementation in the field remains challenging. This research aims to explore the implementation of Minister of Health Regulation No. 35 of 2014 in healthcare practices in Indonesia, identify barriers to be addressed, and examine the role of legal perspectives and normative aspects in enhancing the protection of women's reproductive health rights. This research uses a qualitative approach with normative juridical and empirical approaches. Legal analysis involves the study of legal documents, while empirical analysis includes interviews with stakeholders in the field of reproductive health. The research results show that Minister of Health Regulation No. 35 of 2014 regulates various aspects of reproductive health, but its implementation varies. Education and training for medical personnel need improvement, communication with patients must be enhanced, patient rights protection needs strengthening, and public education on women's reproductive health rights should be intensified. Legal perspectives provide a strong foundation for safeguarding reproductive health rights, while normative aspects help transform the culture of reproductive healthcare. In conclusion, the implementation of Minister of Health Regulation No. 35 of 2014 still requires improvement in various aspects. Enhancements in education, communication, patient rights protection, and public education are essential. Legal perspectives and normative aspects play a role in enhancing the protection of women's reproductive health rights and the effectiveness of reproductive healthcare services in Indonesia. This research provides recommendations for improving reproductive health services and legal understanding in the context of reproductive health in Indonesia. Abstrak : Hak kesehatan reproduksi merupakan aspek kesehatan penting, terutama bagi perempuan, dengan dampak langsung pada perkembangan sosial dan ekonomi suatu negara. Di Indonesia, masalah kesehatan reproduksi menjadi fokus utama dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup masyarakat. Meskipun Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 untuk mengatur Standar Pelayanan Kesehatan Reproduksi, implementasinya di lapangan masih menghadapi sejumlah hambatan yang menghambat perlindungan hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 dalam praktik pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia, mengidentifikasi hambatan yang perlu diatasi, serta mengkaji peran perspektif hukum dan aspek normatif dalam meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan empiris. Analisis hukum mencakup studi dokumen hukum, sementara analisis empiris melibatkan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan di bidang kesehatan reproduksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 mengatur berbagai aspek kesehatan reproduksi, tetapi implementasinya bervariasi. Pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi tenaga medis perlu ditingkatkan, komunikasi dengan pasien harus lebih baik, perlindungan hak-hak pasien perlu ditingkatkan, dan edukasi masyarakat tentang hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi perempuan harus lebih intensif. Perspektif hukum memberikan landasan yang kuat bagi perlindungan hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi, sementara aspek normatif membantu mengubah budaya pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi. Kesimpulanya implementasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 masih perlu perbaikan dalam berbagai aspek. Peningkatan pendidikan, komunikasi, perlindungan hak-hak pasien, dan edukasi masyarakat penting. Perspektif hukum dan aspek normatif berperan dalam meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak kesehatan reproduksi perempuan dan efektivitas pelayanan kesehatan reproduksi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memberikan rekomendasi untuk perbaikan layanan kesehatan reproduksi dan pemahaman hukum dalam konteks kesehatan reproduksi di Indonesia

TRANSFORMATION OF MAQÂSHID Al-SYARÎ’AH (An Overview of the Development of Islamic Law in Indonesia)

Abstract:This study is part of an effort to systematize the basic conception of the values of the sharia as the foundation in the life of nation and state life, where the orientation is to embody the essence of the religious life through the maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Islam as al-dîn has been providing the basics of life of Muslims through the al-Qur’an and as-Sunnah. Both of these contain guidance values of human life, including in running the sharia for Muslims. Sharia (syarî`ah) in perspective of terminology is "street". In an isthilâhî perspective, it is a way to get to God. The basic meaning of sharia itself should be realized in the basic understanding maqâshid al-syarî`ah, which can be interpreted within the scope of statehood, because the meaning contained are the values of universality of maqâshid al-syarî`ah. In the context of Indonesian, then maqâshid al-syarî`ah is part of the basic conception air Almighty God with the aim of creating prosperity for the people of Indonesia. In this study, the approach used is the doctrinal bases to study literature. This study is the strengthening of the maqâshid al-syarî`ah as the basis for the development of Islamic law.Abstrak:Kajian ini merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk sistematisasi konsep dasar dari nilai-nilai syari’ah sebagai pondasi dalam kehidupan berbangsa dan kehidupan bernegara, dimana orientasi tersebut adalah untuk mewujudkan hakikat kehidupan dalam beragama melalui maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Islam sebagai al-dîn telah memberikan dasar-dasar kehidupan umat Muslim melalui al-Qur’an dan al-Sunnah. Kedua hal tersebut mengandung nilai-nilai tuntunan kehidupan umat manusia termasuk dalam menjalankan syariah bagi umat Muslim. Syari’ah dalam perspektif terminologi merupakan “jalan”. Sedangkan secara isthilâhî, ia dimaknai sebagai jalan untuk sampai kepada Allah SWT. Makna dasar dari syari’ah itu sendiri harus diwujudkan dalam pemahaman dasar maqâshid al-syarî’ah, di mana dapat dimaknai dalam cakupan kehidupan bernegara, karena makna yang terkandung adalah nilai-nilai universalitas dari maqâshid al-syarî`ah. Dalam konteks keindonesiaan, maka maqâshid al-syarî`ah merupakan bagian dari konsepsi dasar berketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dengan tujuan menciptakan kesejahteraan bagi rakyat Indonesia. Dalam kajian ini, pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan doktrinal dengan mendasarkan kepada kajian kepustakaan. Kajian ini merupakan penguatan maqâshid al-syarî`ah sebagai dasar pem-bangunan hukum Islam

UNDERAGE MARRIAGE IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF WOMEN'S PROTECTION

Underage marriage is marriage committed by underage children or adolescents in which it must obtain the permission from the Judges of the Religious Court. This study aims at describing and exploring underage marriage dispensations based on the decision of the religious court judges in the Province of Central Java. This research uses juridical-normative method with qualitative and descriptive research type. The data of this research is secondary data that are related directly to the research object. Technique of collecting data is literature study, i.e. various main and supporting materials related to the problem. Data analysis techniques are processed and discussed using deductive methods. The results of the research indicate that the judges' ruling only concerns with the doctrine of positive law with the aim at obtaining clear legal status. Therefore, their decision does not take intoaccount the aspects of the future interests of children and wome

Kritik Abul A’la Al-Maududi Terhadap Demokrasi Barat

Abul A‟la Al-Maududi membuat konsep kekhalifahan rakyat (khilafat-i-insaniyat) berlandaskan kedaualatan Tuhan (hukumat-i-ilahiyat). Kedaulatan Tuhan bukanlah Tuhan secara langsung mengambil keputusan-keputusan politik dalam negara, melainkan Tuhan telah memberikan keputusan-keputusan dalam syari‟ah yang harus dijalankan oleh pemerintah sebagai Khilafah Tuhan di negara tersebut. Pemerintahan Islam dapat disebut sebagai a devide democratic government(pemerintahan demokrasi berdasarkan ketuhanan). Atau menggunakan istilah theo-democracy (demokrasi ketuhanan) untuk menyebut sistem pemerintahan seperti itu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian bibliografis karena itu bersifat Studi Kepustakaan (library research). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan historis-filosofis. Metode pengumpulan data adalah metode dokumentasi. Data primer menggunakan buku dengan judul The Islamic Law and Constitution. Data sekunder menggunakan buku, jurnal dan literatur dari berbagai penulis. Analisis data menggunakan deskriptif-kualitatif yaitu 1) Reduksi Data 2) Penyajian Data 3) Pemahaman, Intepretasi dan penafsiran 4) Penarikan Kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Metode berfikir yang digunakan adalah metode berfikir induktif dan deduktif. Theo-demokrasi masih relevan pada level struktur dan moral. Rakyat diberikan kedaulatan, tetapi kedaulatan tersebut dibatasi oleh norma-norma dari Allah SWT. Negara diberikan peran untuk mengurus masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan agama khususnya yang bersentuhan dengan ketertiban umum. Negara melalui lembaga peradilan Mahkamah Konstitusi, memiliki kewenangan dalam menguji dan membatalkan keputusan-keputusan politik berupa undang-undang yang merupakan hasil suara mayoritas dalam parlemen. Mahkamah Konstitusi selalu menegaskan bahwa “Peradilan Dilakukan Demi Keadilan Berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa”

TINJAUAN YURIDIS HAK RECALL OLEH PARTAI POLITIK DALAM SISTEM PEMILU PROPORSIONAL TERBUKA

Amandemen Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 telah membawa perubahan besar dalam kehidupan bangsa Indonesia. Salah satu perubahannya ialah perubahan gagasan kedauatan rakyat dalam UUD 1945. Perubahan tersebut lantas mempengaruhi sistem pemilihan umum di Indonesia dalam hal ini untuk memilih anggota legislatif. Sejarah telah mencatatkan sistem pemilu untuk memilih anggota legislatif di Indonesia telah mengalami beberapa kali perubahan. Pada pemilu tahun 2014, sistem pemilu untuk memilih anggota DPR, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota menggunakan sistem proporsional terbuka berdasarkan suara terbanyak. Berkaitan dengan berlakunya hak recall oleh partai politik terhadap anggota DPR, pengaturan tersebut masih menimbulkan persoalan. Hal ini disebabkan karena saat ini anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) yang duduk sebagai anggota parlemen karena legitimasi dari suara rakyat dalam artian dipilih secara langsung oleh rakyat, dan bukan dari suara Partai Politik. Sehingga legitimasi parpol dalam hal merecall anggotanya yang telah duduk di kursi DPR patut dipertanyakan. Apalagi beberapa kali kasus recall oleh partai politik terhadap anggota DPR terjadi semata-mata karena alasan politis partai. Pada pelaksanaannya, hak recall oleh partai politik terhadap anggota DPR tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip kedaulatan rakyat di Indonesia berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yaitu prinsip kebebasan, kesetaraan dan persamaan, suara mayoritas, dan pertanggungjawaban. Selanjutnya jika dikaitkan dengan sistem proporsional terbuka saat ini, hak recall oleh partai politik terhadap anggota DPR dirasa masih perlu. Namun dalam pelaksanaannya tidak sepenuhnya mutlak berada di tangan partai politik tetapi partai politik perlu memperhatikan aspirasi konstituen yang telah memilihnya. Kata kunci : hak recall, kedaulatan rakyat, proporsional terbuk

Disparitas Pidana Putusan Hakim Atas Perkara Pidana Anak Dalam Perspektif Perlindungan Hak-Hak Anak (Studi Kasus Pengadilan Negeri Boyolali Tahun 2009-2013

The verdict of judge in the cases of crime committed by child practically goes through criminalization disparity. Therefore, the matter of verdict pronouncement is important not only for the judges and the judicial process, but also the whole legal process, particularly in the law enforcement. The objective of this research is to investigate the cause factors, impact, and model of criminalization policy with the existence of criminalization disparity in the cases of crime committed by child. This research used the qualitative method with empirical juridical approach. The data of this research were gathered through interview and library research and analyzed. The results of this research are as follows: (1) there are two cause factors which causes the criminalization disparity to have happened in the cases of crime committed by child, namely: internal factor which comes from the judges themselves and external factor which comes from either the law and legislation itself or the doer/defendant; (2) the criminalization disparity in the cases of crime committed by child is going to bring about negative impacts. Such impacts are as follows: a) the convict feels to be harmed due to such verdict of judge if the convict makes comparison to another convict sentenced with lighter sentence; b) the convict sentenced with lighter sentence is going to assume that breaking the law is not scary due to the light sentence; and c) the people who seek justice will feel discontent which eventually causes the trust of the people in the penal judicial system to disappear; and (3) the criminalization judicial system in the cases of crime committed by child can be made by creating a criminalization guidanc

Kontradiksi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 22-24/PUU-VI/2008)

Mahkamah konstitusi adalah lembaga negara yang didirikan untuk dapat menjamin hak-hak konstitusional warga negara yang putusannya selalu dinantikan untuk dapat menjamin hal-hal tersebut. Namun, tak dapat dipungkiri, beberapa putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi memunculkan penafsiran ganda, sebagaimana terdapat dalam Putusan Nomor 22-24/PUU-VI/2008 yang berkaitan dengan kebijakan tindakan khusus sementara dan sistem pemilihan umum. Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang peluang yang diberikan oleh MK terhadap kebijakan affirmative action dan kontradiksi yang terjadi dalam putusan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan doktrinal (normatif). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa Terdapat kontradiksi dalam putusan MK ini antara kebijakan affirmative action dengan sistem pemilu yang ada. Kontradiksi tersebut terjadi karena disatu sisi MK tetap menjamin hak perempuan untuk dapat berpartisipasi dalam ranah politik namun disisi lain MK menggagalkan upaya peningkatan keterwakilan perempuan dengan merubah mekanisme penyelenggaraan pemilihan umum dengan suara terbanyak

Pandangan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) Islam Terhadap Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) (Studi Kritis Pasal 5 Tentang Kesetaraan Perempuan)

Gender equality issues lately has become a contemporary issue and continue to cause controversy, in term of in the world of Islamic thought. It is influences in life and used as a social program designed academically. The guide feminists have binding legal force is the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). correspondence in Article 5 of the convention which is in the future could be the object of this research using human rights as a subject of Islam. This instrument has international standard was adopted by the United Nations in 1979. The Convention which began since on 3 December 1981 establishes universal principles of equality between men and women and is recognized by the world as the inscription of Women's Rights (Bill of Rights of Women). The purpose of this research was to determine the perspective of the Islamic Human Rights according to women's equality in Article 5 of CEDAW. By this research could be said is library research that using a philosophical approach. The primary data is the draft CEDAW in 1981. In addition, for the secondary data material in the form of books, articles, papers and journals related to the research theme that the equality of women in CEDAW and Human Rights (HAM) Islam. Before performing the analysis in the mentioned prior history, principles and scope of the Islamic Human Rights, CEDAW history and content of Article 5 of CEDAW which is seen from general recommendations, reports, and final comments on the implementation of the convention and then the deductive method, analyzed by dotted and based on rules of a general nature, then be concluded a particular conclusion through this method is expected to conclude the Islamic Human Rights views the concept of equality in article 5 of CEDAW. Based on the results of the research conducted, there are some things that referred to in Article 5 of CEDAW, that is the obligation for each country to eliminate discriminatory attitudes or behavior, it is more focused on the private sphere is the family, including the family's leadership, the concept of family, hadhanah (childcare) and discrimination in cultural and social as well, everything about this considered to violate the rights of women and discriminate. Moreover, to make the strengthening of these research analysis, the authors used a particular point of view relative to see CEDAW. Hence, that in the implementation still taking pay attention the diversity of cultural, historical and religious backgrounds in each territory. Islamic human rights is loaded with Islamic law has a different perspective to what is desired by the CEDAW. So that in the analysis of some elements described in the draft feminists who dominate the CEDAW so appropriate that some of the articles of CEDAW contrary to Islamic law