5 research outputs found
Inhibition of coxsackievirus B4 by Lactobacillus plantarum
The enterovirus Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) can infect different human tissues and provoke abnormal function or destruction of various organs and cells. Moreover, its infections have been linked to the onset of type 1 diabetes. Coxsackievirus B4 is classified as a “challenging virus”, due to the intense yet vain efforts to find effective prevention and therapeutic agents, especially within biological compounds. Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium that is endowed with probiotic properties, and holds great potential for applications in medical and food industry sectors. Several compounds produced by this microorganism have been associated with various benefits including antimicrobial activity. In this work, we investigated the possible antiviral abilities of two Lb. plantarum strains and their derivatives against CV-B4. The different assays carried out (e.g. pre-incubation, competition and post-infection, using HEp-2 cells as human cell model) suggest that the tested microorganisms and their derivatives have an in vitro inhibiting activity against CV-B4. This is the first report showing the anti-CVB4 activity of Lb. plantarum strains and their derivatives
Etude de l'effet de l'infection in utero par le Coxsackievirus B4 sur le thymus, dans un modèle murin
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Non-linear optical imaging of atherosclerotic plaques in the context of SIV and HIV infection prominently detects crystalline cholesterol esters
Chronic HIV infection may exacerbate atherosclerotic vascular disease, which at advanced stages presents as necrotic plaques rich in crystalline cholesterol. Such lesions can catastrophically rupture precipitating myocardial infarct and stroke, now important causes of mortality in those living with HIV. However, in this population little is known about plaque structure relative to crystalline content and its chemical composition. Here, we first interrogated plaque crystal structure and composition in atherosclerotic SIV-infected macaques using non-linear optical microscopy. By stimulated Raman scattering and second harmonic generation approaches both amorphous and crystalline plaque lipid was detected and the crystal spectral profile indicated a cholesterol ester (CE) dominated composition. Versus controls, SIV+ samples had a greater number of cholesterol crystals (CCs), with the difference, in part, accounted for by crystals of a smaller length. Given the ester finding, we profiled HIV+ plaques and also observed a CE crystalline spectral signature. We further profiled plaques from Ldlr-/- mice fed a high fat diet, and likewise, found CE-dominate crystals. Finally, macrophage exposure to CCs or AcLDL induced auto-fluorescent puncta that co-stained with the LC3B autophagy sensor. In aggregate, we show that atheromatous plaques from mice, macaques and humans, display necrotic cores dominated by esterified CCs, and that plaque macrophages may induce autophagic vesicle formation upon encountering CCs. These findings help inform our knowledge of plaque core lipid evolution and how the process may incite systemic inflammation