Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications

Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broadband spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broadband spectroscopy

Gas-phase broadband spectroscopy using active sources: progress, status, and applications

Broadband spectroscopy is an invaluable tool for measuring multiple gas-phase species simultaneously. In this work we review basic techniques, implementations, and current applications for broadband spectroscopy. We discuss components of broadband spectroscopy including light sources, absorption cells, and detection methods and then discuss specific combinations of these components in commonly used techniques. We finish this review by discussing potential future advances in techniques and applications of broadband spectroscopy

Learning to drive in young adults with language impairment

Language impairment (LI) is a common developmental disorder which affects many aspects of young people’s functional skills and engagement with society. Little is known of early driving behaviour in those with this disability. This longitudinal study examines early driving experience in a sample of young adults with LI, compared with a sample of typically developing age-matched peers (AMPs). At age 24 years, significantly fewer participants with LI had acquired a driving licence. A crucial hurdle for those with LI appeared to be the Theory part of the (UK) test. Logistic regression analysis indicated that language ability and a measure of independence at age 17 contributed to the prediction of licence possession at age 24. There was no evidence of differences in traffic violations or accident rates between those with and without LI. There is little evidence that young people with LI are at greater risk on the roads than peers without LI, but some individuals with LI might benefit from support in the course of preparation for driving and in the driving test

Landsat 9 Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 Architecture and Design

The Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2) will fly aboard the Landsat 9 spacecraft and leverages the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) design currently flying on Landsat 8. TIRS-2 will provide similar science data as TIRS, but is not a buildto-print rebuild due to changes in requirements and improvements in absolute accuracy. The heritage TIRS design has been modified to reduce the influence of stray light and to add redundancy for higher reliability over a longer mission life. The TIRS-2 development context differs from the TIRS scenario, adding to the changes. The TIRS-2 team has also learned some lessons along the way

Landsat 9 TIRS-2 Architecture and Design

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Landsat 9 TIRS-2 Architecture and Design

TIRS-2 will fly on the LandSat 9. Like TIRS on Landsat 8, TIRS-2 will produce radiometrically calibrated, geo-located thermal image data. USGS is responsible for operational code. TIRS-2 image data will have the same performance characteristics as that of TIRS on Landsat 8 except better in some cases

Novel Strategies in Groundwater Bioremediation: New Solutions to Old Problems

2012 S.C. Water Resources Conference - Exploring Opportunities for Collaborative Water Research, Policy and Managemen

Novel anaerobic bioremediation strategies for organic and metal contaminants

Bioremediation is becoming a widely accepted solution for cleaning up contaminated sediment, water, and soil. The associated microbial, chemical, and geologic principles are still in their relative infancy compared to other common remediation strategies. The list of contaminants that are susceptible to biotransformation has grown to encompass metals as well as organic compounds. The goal of this research was to develop anaerobic bioremediation strategies for two compounds—the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the heavy metal uranium. The potential for anaerobic degradation of MTBE as well as its metabolite tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) was tested in aquifer and freshwater aquatic sediment. Aquifer sediment amended with Fe (III) oxide plus the electron shuttling compound humic acid degraded 50 mg/l MTBE to levels below detection. The humic acid analog anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS) also stimulated MTBE degradation. Aquifer sediment without Fe (III) plus the electron shuttle did not degrade MTBE. Freshwater aquatic sediment converted uniformly labeled [14C]-MTBE to 14CO2 and over time. Adding Fe (III) and electron shuttling compounds did not significantly increase the rate and extent of MTBE mineralization. TBA was also rapidly degraded in the aquatic sediment in the absence of any amendments. Both 14CO2 and 14CH4 were produced when sediments were incubated with uniformly labeled [14C]-TBA. Microbial U(VI) reduction was stimulated in uranium-contaminated aquifer sediment upon the addition of acetate. U(VI) reduction was concurrent with Fe (III) reduction and preceded sulfate reduction. In sediments that also contained nitrate, nitrate first had to be completely reduced prior to the onset of U(VI) reduction. U(VI) reduction was solely a biological process; abiotic interaction with Fe (II), sulfide, or electron shuttles did not affect U(VI) in solution. Nitrate added to sediment that contained microbially reduced U(VI) re-oxidized U(IV) to U(VI) and Fe (II) to Fe (III). Over 80% of the initial reduced U(IV) was recovered as U(VI). Pure culture studies with Geobacter metallireducens confirmed that the most likely mechanism was biological oxidation of Fe (II) to Fe (III) with abiotic U(IV) oxidation via Fe (III) produced. Finally, two novel Fe (III)-reducing bacterial species were isolated from these sediments—Desulfitobacterium metallireducens and Geoferax ferrireducens