Savaş ve Görselleşen Savaş Arasındaki İkilem: WPP’nin Ödüllendirdiği Savaş Fotoğrafları Üzerine Bir Analiz

Wars, having negative effects on local, national and global scales, violate the fundamental rights of living beings and, in general, cause irreversible casualties. War is a phenomenon that affects life itself and the entire social structure and institutions. Although death, physical injury, or psychological consequences are well known to war, their macro-level damage to the social structure is often overlooked. The mass media also tend to focus on the obvious consequences of the war while ignoring its structural impact on society.This research applies content analysis to the images of the war theme awarded in various categories by the World Press Photo Organization, towards inquiring to what extent possible impacts and consequences of wars are represented via such images. The study concludes that usually Western photojournalists create war narrative while the geography of conflict depicted is mostly non-Western. It also concluded that the war was visualized by themes such as death, injury and disability, displacement, hunger, and deprivation, that the moments of war are highlighted while its long-term implications are ignored; that war is portrayed without subjects by symbolic images, often indirect; and that war is viewed as a hierarchical field in terms of the perpetrator and the victim. Savaş, yerel, ulusal ve küresel düzlemlerde güçlü olumsuz etkileri olan, canlıların temel haklarını ihlal eden ve çoğunlukla da geri dönüşü olmayan felaketlere yol açan bir durumdur. Savaş, etkilerini toplumsal yapının bütün yaşam alanlarında ve kurumlarında hissettiren bir olgudur. Savaş, ölüm, yaralanma, bedensel ve ruhsal etkiler bırakma gibi etkileriyle bilinen ama çoğu kez toplumsal yapı üzerindeki makro ölçekli hasarlarının ihmal edildiği bir çatışma sürecidir. Medya da sunumları ile savaşa ilişkin bu genel bakış açısını, yani ölüm ve yaralanma gibi durumları öne çıkarma ve toplum üzerindeki makro etkileri/sonuçları da ihmal etme eğilimindedir.Bu çalışma, Dünya Basın Fotoğrafı Vakfı (World Press Photo Organisation [WPP]) tarafından çeşitli kategorilerde ödüllendirilen savaş temalı fotoğraflara içerik analizi uygulayarak, savaşların olası etkilerini ve sonuçlarını bu görseller aracılığıyla ne ölçüde temsil ettiğini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Analiz, uluslararası alanda savaş anlatısının çoğunlukla Batılı foto-muhabirleri tarafından inşa edildiğini, savaşın coğrafyası olarak ise Batılı olmayan bölgelerin gösterildiği sonucuna varmıştır. Ayrıca foto-muhabirlerinin savaşı görselleştirirken ağırlıklı olarak ölüm, yaralanma ve engellilik, yer değiştirme, açlık ve yoksulluk gibi temalar üzerinden kurduğu; savaş esnasına odaklanarak uzun erimli sonuçları genel olarak ihmal ettikleri; savaşı öznesiz göstererek anlatımı büyük ölçüde dolaylı-sembolik imgeler üzerinden kurdukları sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır

Retrospective analysis of cases with Endometrial Cancer

We planned this study with the aim of determining histological types, clinical, surgical stage and grade of endometrial cancer cases which were followed-up and operated on in our clinic and giving an opinion on epidemiological features. Our study was a retrospective study consisted of 298 patients who had medical operations with the diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Endometrial cancer was diagnosed via dilatation and curettage. Routine preoperative examinations were wanted from the cases. Clinical stage was determined. After the diagnosis, total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-ooforectomy (TAH+BSO) were applied; while only pelvic lymph node dissection was applied on the patients who had good prognostic data, total pelvic and paraaortic lymph node dissection were applied to the group with bad prognostic data. All materials were examined in the pathology laboratory of our hospital. In endometrial cancer staging, FIGO surgical staging system -2009 was used. FIGO was used in grade classification and World Health Organization Classification of Tumors system was used for the histological classification. Our study was composed of 298 patients who had endometrial cancer. Of the patients who were included in the study, average age was 56.54±9.69, BMI average was 31.47±6.20, gravida average was 4.16±2.59, and parity average was 3.41±2.15. Distributions of the patients by surgical stages were as follows; there were 32 patients whose tumor stage was in 1A (%10.7), 127 patients in 1B  (42.6%), 47 patients in 1C  (15.8%), 18 patients in 2A  (6.0%), 7 patients in 2B   (2.3%), 30 patients in 3A  (10.1%), 2 patients in 3B  (0.7%), 30 patients in 3C  (10.1%), 2 patients in 4A  (0.7%) and 3 patients in 4B  (1.0%). Of the patients with endometrial cancer in our study, tumors of 102 patients were (34.2%) in grade I, 139 were (46.6%) in grade II and 57 were (19.1%) in grade III. Because endometrial cancer shows earlier symptoms than the other gynecological cancers, it can be diagnosed in early stages. There is a surgical standard treatment, but it changes according to the stages and general state of the patients

Detection of Novel NF1 Variants with Next-Generation DNA Sequencing Technology and Genotype-Phenotype Characteristics of Neurofibromatosis

MakaleWOS:000925992500001Objective: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1, #162200) is a common neurological disorder with de novo or inherited germline mutations of the Neurofibromin (NF1, *613113). The purpose of this study is to increase the limited knowledge of NF1 in a small population-based dataset. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled patients with clinically suspected NF1 referred to the Kayseri Training and Research Hospital, Medical Genetics Department, between 2015 and 2017. The local ethics committee approved this study. Next-generation sequencing was performed for the genetic analysis. The genetic, demographic, and clinical features of the participants were characterized. Results: A total of 79 cases of NF1 were included. Of these cases, 40 were male, and 39 were female. The mean age was 11.9 years, and most were younger than 18 years. The most common complaint was cafe au lait macules. The 61 (77.3%) patients had pathogenic variants, and 16 (26.2%) were novel. Mostly affected mutation sites were exonic regions (n=54, 88.5%). The most common mutated exon was exon 38 (n=7, 11.5%), and most of the detected mutations were nonsense mutations (31%). Conclusion: It is one of Turkiye's largest NF1 study groups, where all exons of the NF1 gene were analyzed. This study contributes novel variants to the literature. There was no mutational hotspot region, and no significant relationship between genotype and phenotype was observed. Further studies and large sample sizes are required to better understand the relationship between NF and genetic changes

Survival results according to Oncotype Dx recurrence score in patients with hormone receptor positive HER-2 negative early-stage breast cancer: first multicenter Oncotype Dx recurrence score survival data of Turkey

BackgroundThe Oncotype Dx recurrence score (ODx-RS) guides the adjuvant chemotherapy decision-making process for patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, HER-2 receptor-negative breast cancer. This study aimed to evaluate survival and its correlation with ODx-RS in pT1-2, N0-N1mic patients treated with adjuvant therapy based on tumor board decisions.Patients and methodsEstrogen-positive HER-2 negative early-stage breast cancer patients (pT1-2 N0, N1mic) with known ODx-RS, operated on between 2010 and 2014, were included in this study. The primary aim was to evaluate 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates according to ODX-RS.ResultsA total of 203 eligible patients were included in the study, with a median age of 48 (range 26-75) and median follow-up of 84 (range 23-138) months. ROC curve analysis for all patients revealed a recurrence cut-off age of 45 years, prompting evaluation by grouping patients as ≤45 years vs. >45 years. No significant difference in five-year DFS rates was observed between the endocrine-only (ET) and chemo-endocrine (CE) groups. However, among the ET group, DFS was higher in patients over 45 years compared to those aged ≤45 years. When stratifying by ODx-RS as 0-17 and ≥18, DFS was significantly higher in the former group within the ET group. However, such differences were not seen in the CE group. In the ET group, an ODx-RS ≥18 and menopausal status were identified as independent factors affecting survival, with only an ODx-RS ≥18 impacting DFS in patients aged ≤45 years. The ROC curve analysis for this subgroup found the ODx-RS cut-off to be 18.ConclusionThis first multicenter Oncotype Dx survival analysis in Turkey demonstrates the importance of Oncotype Dx recurrence score and age in determining treatment strategies for early-stage breast cancer patients. As a different aproach to the literature, our findings suggest that the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy in young patients (≤45 years) with Oncotype Dx recurrence scores of ≥18 improves DFS

Students conceptions about browser game based learning in mathematics education TTNetvitamin case

Educational computer games may affect the attitudes of students towards subjects in a positive manner. One type of educational computer games is browser-based educational games. Recently a new browser-based software called "TTNetVitamin" has been developed for the Ministry of National Education (MEB, 2008). In these advances the conceptions students should be determined for the widespread usage of game based learning. For this aim, case study research conducted to reveal the students' attitudes and their conceptions about educational games introduced in mathematics classes. The student written interviews were analyzed in NVivo 7.0 and important statements were quoted without any change. The findings of this study were classified under six titles as advantages, disadvantages, classroom use, different aspects, reasons and recommendations for game based learning. The students seemed mostly to mention the advantages of game based learning. Most students did not comment on classroom use of games. Moreover the students expressed the distinguishing aspects of the game TTNetVitamin. The students stated that this kind of games should be related with the lessons and be entertaining. Consequently the students had positive attitudes towards the use of game based learning in mathematics classes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserve

Dichotomy Between War and Visualization of War: An Analysis of the War Photos Awarded by the WPP

Wars, having negative effects on local, national and global scales, violate the fundamental rights of living beings and, in general, cause irreversible casualties. War is a phenomenon that affects life itself and the entire social structure and institutions. Although death, physical injury, or psychological consequences are well known to war, their macro-level damage to the social structure is often overlooked. The mass media also tend to focus on the obvious consequences of the war while ignoring its structural impact on society. This research applies content analysis to the images of the war theme awarded in various categories by the World Press Photo Organization, towards inquiring to what extent possible impacts and consequences of wars are represented via such images. The study concludes that usually Western photojournalists create war narrative while the geography of conflict depicted is mostly non-Western. It also concluded that the war was visualized by themes such as death, injury and disability, displacement, hunger, and deprivation, that the moments of war are highlighted while its long-term implications are ignored; that war is portrayed without subjects by symbolic images, often indirect; and that war is viewed as a hierarchical field in terms of the perpetrator and the victim