Numerical model of the spatio-temporal dynamics in a water strider group

The water strider group demonstrates a very complex dynamics consisting of competition for the food items, territoriality and aggression to the conspecific individuals, escaping from the predators, etc. The situation is even more complex due to the presence of different instars, which in most water strider species live in the same habitat and occupy the same niche. The presented swarm model of water striders demonstrates the realistic population dynamics. For the swarm formation in the model, attraction and repulsion forces were used. Animal motion in the model takes into account inertia and kinetic energy dissipation effects. The model includes three different rates related to the growth of individuals: food appearance rate, food assimilation rate, and stored energy loss rate. The results of our modeling show that the size distribution of individuals seems to be an adequate measure for population status, and it has a characteristic shape for different model parameter combinations. Distribution of the distances between nearest neighbors is other important measure of the population density and its dynamics. Parameters of the model can be tuned in such a way, that the shape of both distributions in a steady phase coincides with that shape observed in a natural population, which helps to understand the factors leading to particular momentary distribution of both parameters (size and distance) in the population. From this point of view, the model can predict how both distributions can further develop from certain state depending on particular combination of factors

Ab initio Determination of Phase Stabilities of Dynamically Disordered Solids: rotational C2 disorder in Li2C2

The temperature-induced orthorhombic to cubic phase transition in Li2C2is a prototypical ex-ample of a solid to solid phase transformation between an ordered phase, which is well describedwithin the phonon theory, and a dynamically disordered phase with rotating molecules, for which the standard phonon theory is not applicable. The transformation in Li2C2 happens from a phase with directionally ordered C2 dimers to a structure, where they are dynamically disordered. We provide a description of this transition within the recently developed method (Klarbring et al.,Phys.Rev. Lett. 121, 225702 (2018)) employing ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) based stress-strain thermodynamic integration on a deformation path that connects the ordered and dynamically disordered phases. The free energy difference between the two phases is obtained. The entropy that stabilizes the dynamically disordered cubic phase is captured by the behavior of the stress on the deformation path

METHODS OF THE PATTERN FORMATION IN NUMERICAL MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS

Evolution of different systems can be described in terms of their relaxation to the minimums of some effective potential relief. This observation leads us to face us with a question how to generate corresponding potential patterns which describe adequately various physical and biological systems. In this review, we present a number of different ways of generating such potentials demanded by the problems of different kinds. For example, we reproduce such a generation in the framework of a simple theory of phase transitions, automatic blocking of the growing phase nucleation and universal large scale structure. Being frozen at late stages of their evolution they form majority of meta-stable structures which we observe in real world. Counting on above-mentioned universality of naturally-generated fractal structures and their further utilization in numerical simulations of biological problems, we reproduce also formal algorithms of generation of such structures based on random deposition technique and Fourier-transform approaches

Root Hair Adhesion in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile Seedlings: A Numerical Modelling Approach

Animals and plants use adhesion to move, to anchor to a substrate, or to disperse seeds and fruits. Some plants developed a root pad as a common strategy to adhere to consolidated substrates. In the marine environment, the seagrass Posidonia oceanica attaches fi rmly to consolidated substrates via adhesive root hairs, forming a pad structure. We used novel morphological and ultrastructural data to develop a numerical model to study the dynamics of root hair adhesion during contact formation on rough consolidated substrates for this species. Morphological analysis, conducted using Scanning Electron Microscope, highlighted the role of root hair branching in pad formation. Transmission Electron Microscope microscopy allowed us to identify a glue-like substance at the pad/ substrate interface. The numerical model highlighted the role played by the cell wall ’ s elasticity in pad formation and its importance in guaranteeing a fi rm adhesion. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these mechanisms was assessed at different simulated roughness levels. Increasing knowledge on the adhesion mechanism of seagrass to consolidated substrates could be pivotal in developing advanced seedling-based restoration protocols. The fi ndings of this study could contribute to restoration activities planned to contrast seagrass regression. Transplanting initiatives using seedlings can now better address the search for suitable and low-impact ways to fi x germinated plants to the substrate

Protection of the Right to Information on One’s Health – A Non-Jurisdictional Form of Protection

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of protection as directly subjective civil rights and defines them within the framework of civil relations regarding the information on one's health. A clearer and complete description of the features of the realization of the right to information on one's health in the normatively established system of protection of subjective rights of a person has been obtained. It has been determined that the protection of the right to information on one's health is exercised freely, and the failure of a person to exercise the right to protection is not a ground for termination of this right. It is noted that during the protection of their violated right to health information, the authorized person may perform certain actions that are not related to the appeal to the competent state bodies and are a non-jurisdictional form of protection. The list of actions of an individual to protect the right to information on one’s health in the case of a non-jurisdictional form of protection of the above-mentioned right has been systematized

Highly Pertinent Algorithm for the Market of Business Intelligence, Context and Native Advertising

This article presents the study results of the business intelligence markets, the promote products on social media, and a new method for increasing the information pertinence in the scientific recommender systems, scientific information systems, analysis of the recommender systems that contain information about scientific publications, is represented. The prospects of using this method in the Business Intelligence systems, content management systems for native advertising systems to find content on the Internet and assessed the current state of the market such systems. Keywords: context and native advertising market, Business Intelligence market, highly pertinent algorithms, recommender systems JEL Classifications: A11, M30, M3

Na–Ni–H phase formation at high pressures and high temperatures: hydrido complexes [NiH5]3– versus the perovskite NaNiH3

The Na-Ni-H system was investigated by in situ synchrotron diffraction studies of reaction mixtures NaH-Ni-H-2 at around 5, 10, and 12 GPa. The existence of ternary hydrogen-rich hydrides with compositions Na3NiH5 and NaNiH3, where Ni attains the oxidation state II, is demonstrated. Upon heating at similar to 5 GPa, face-centered cubic (fcc) Na3NiH5 forms above 430 degrees C. Upon cooling, it undergoes a rapid and reversible phase transition at 330 degrees C to an orthorhombic (Cmcm) form. Upon pressure release, Na3NiH5 further transforms into its recoverable Pnma form whose structure was elucidated from synchrotron powder diffraction data, aided by first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Na3NiH5 features previously unknown square pyramidal 18- electron complexes NiH53-. In the high temperature fcc form, metal atoms are arranged as in the Heusler structure, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the complexes are dynamically disordered. The Heusler-type metal partial structure is essentially maintained in the low temperature Cmcm form, in which NiH53- complexes are ordered. It is considerably rearranged in the low pressure Pnma form. Experiments at 10 GPa showed an initial formation of fcc Na3NiH5 followed by the addition of the perovskite hydride NaNiH3, in which Ni(II) attains an octahedral environment by H atoms. NaNiH3 is recoverable at ambient pressures and represents the sole product of 12 GPa experiments. DFT calculations show that the decomposition of Na3NiH5 = NaNiH3 + 2 NaH is enthalpically favored at all pressures, suggesting that Na3NiH5 is metastable and its formation is kinetically favored. Ni-H bonding in metallic NaNiH3 is considered covalent, as in electron precise Na3NiH5, but delocalized in the polyanion [NiH3](-).Funding Agencies|Swedish Research Council (VR)Swedish Research Council [2019-05551]; Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Advanced Functional Materials at at Linkoping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU) [200900971]; Carl Tryggers Stiftelse (CTS) [16:198, 17:206]</p

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in ZZ-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at s=\sqrt{s}=13 TeV

Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against a $Z$ boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 $< p_{\textrm{T}} < 100$ GeV and in the pseudorapidity range $2.5 < \eta < 4$. The data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb$^{-1}$. Triple differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any supplementary material and additional information, are available at https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb public pages