Assessment of the Trophic State of a Small Plain Reservoir during Different Periods of Its Existence (a Case Study of the Penza Reservoir on the Sura River)

Представлена сравнительная характеристика содержания биогенных элементов и органического вещества, а также количественных показателей фитопланктона Пензенского (Сурского) водохранилища в периоды 1984–1992 и 2016–2019 гг. В настоящее время содержание фосфатов увеличилось в 3 раза, концентрация минерального азота осталась на прежнем уровне. Сезонная динамика фосфора и минерального азота различалась: максимальные концентрации фосфатов наблюдали летом и осенью, а азота – в паводковый период. Доминирующим источником генезиса фосфора сейчас являются, вероятно, внутриводоемные процессы. Преобладающей формой минерального азота в 2016–2019 гг. стали нитраты, весенний максимум которых свидетельствует о преимущественном поступлении с паводковым стоком. Соотношение минеральных форм N и Р указывает на то, что фосфор не лимитирует развитие водорослей. В отдельные периоды (лето 2017–2018 гг.) наблюдали достоверную отрицательную связь между величиной биомассы водорослей и содержанием общего железа в воде (r = -0,81, р = 0,016). «Цветения» воды в течение последних лет не отмечалось. В 2019 г. численность Cyanoprocaryota возросла, но биомасса их на отдельных участках не превышала 2,18–2,42 мг/дм3. В доминирующем комплексе цианопрокариот в 2019 г. практически отсутствовал Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.), но появился Planktothrix agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. et Kom., устойчивый к малой освещенности и низкому соотношению азота и фосфора. Доля легкоокисляемого органического вещества в общем органическом веществе как в конце XX в., так и в последнее время характеризует водохранилище как стабильно эвтрофное, тем не менее количественные характеристики фитопланктона в последние годы свидетельствуют об уменьшении трофностиThe present study provides comparative characterization of the contents of nutrients and organic matter and quantitative parameters of phytoplankton of the Sura (Penza) reservoir during 1984–1992 and 2016–2019. At present, the content of phosphates has increased by 3 times while the concentration of mineral nitrogen has remained unchanged. The seasonal dynamics of phosphorus and mineral nitrogen are different: the maximum phosphate concentrations are observed in summer and autumn, but nitrogen is the highest during the flood period. At the present time, phosphorus is mainly generated in intra-reservoir processes. Nitrates were the predominant form of mineral nitrogen in 2016–2019, and their spring maximum suggests predominant intake with the flood flow. The ratio of the mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus indicates that, at the present time, phosphorus is not the element that limits the development of algae. In certain periods (summer 2017–2018), a significant negative relationship was observed between the algal biomass and the total iron content in water (r = -0.81, p = 0.016). No Cyanoprocaryota “blooms” have been observed in recent years. In 2019, the abundance of Cyanoprocaryota increased, but in some regions, biomass was no more than 2.18–2.42 mg/dm3. In 2019, the dominant Cyanoprocaryota group did not contain Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.), but a new species was identified – Planktothrix agardhii (Gom.) Anagn. et Kom., which is resistant to low light and the low nitrogen to phosphorus ratio. The proportion of readily oxidized organic matter in the total organic matter, both at the end of the 20th century and recently, characterizes the reservoir as stably eutrophic, although the quantitative characteristics of phytoplankton in recent years indicate declining trophic statu

Plant Growth Promoting Activity and Metal Tolerance of Bacteria Isolated from Rhizosphere of the Orchid Epipactis atrorubens Growing on Serpentine Substrates of the Middle Urals

В статье представлены данные, полученные при изучении бактерий, выделенных из ризосферы орхидеи Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. Проведен сравнительный анализ некоторых морфологических, физиологических и биохимических характеристик ризобактерий растений, произрастающих в двух биотопах на серпентинитовых породах: в естественном лесном фитоценозе (фоновый участок) и на отвале после добычи асбеста (Свердловская область, Средний Урал). Оценка ростстимулирующей (PGP) активности выделенных штаммов не показала достоверных различий между исследованными участками по способности ризобактерий к синтезу индолил‑3-уксусной кислоты (ИУК) и солюбилизации фосфатов. Однако доля изолятов, способных к азотфиксации, была выше в ризосфере E. atrorubens, произрастающего на отвале, по сравнению с фоновым местообитанием. Устойчивость изолятов к тяжелым металлам оценивали по максимальной концентрации металла (400, 600 и 1000 мг/л соответственно для Ni, Cu и Zn), при которой отмечался рост бактерий. Показано, что ризобактерии с отвала оказались более устойчивыми к повышенным концентрациям металлов по сравнению с естественным лесным фитоценозом. На основе молекулярно-генетического анализа изолятов с наиболее выраженной PGP‑активностью (ИУК >1,0 мг/л; PO4 3- >50,0 мг/л) обнаружено сходство между изученными местообитаниями по родовой принадлежности ризобактерий E. atrorubens: выделенные штаммы принадлежали преимущественно к родам Buttiauxella и Pseudomonas. В модельных экспериментах протестирована ростстимулирующая способность четырех отобранных штаммов на семенах циннии. Инокуляция семян Pseudomonas sp. и Buttiauxella sp. не оказывала значимого влияния на их всхожесть, однако Buttiauxella sp. способствовала увеличению длины проростков в сравнении с контролем (в среднем на 25 %). Сделано предположение, что отобранные изоляты ризобактерий E. atrorubens, благодаря их ростстимулирующей активности и металлоустойчивости, могут способствовать натурализации орхидеи на техногенно нарушенной территорииThe article presents data obtained in the study of bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of the orchid Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser. Analysis was carried out to compare some morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of plant rhizobacteria growing on serpentine rocks in two biotopes: in the natural forest community (control habitat) and on the asbestos mine dump (the Sverdlovsk region, Middle Urals). An assessment of the plant growth promoting (PGP) activity of the isolated strains did not show significant differences in the ability of rhizobacteria to synthesize indol‑3-acetic acid (IAA) and solubilize phosphates between the study sites. However, the proportion of isolates capable of nitrogen fixation was higher in the rhizosphere of E. atrorubens growing on the dump compared to the control habitat. The tolerance of isolates to heavy metals was assessed by the maximum metal concentration (400, 600, and 1000 mg/L, respectively, for Ni, Cu, and Zn) at which bacterial growth was observed. Rhizobacteria from the dump were found to be more resistant to elevated concentrations of metals compared to their counterparts from the natural forest community. The molecular genetic analysis of isolates with the highest PGP‑activity (IAA >1.0 mg/L; PO4 3- >50.0 mg/L) revealed that most of the E. atrorubens rhizobacteria in both habitats belonged to the genera Buttiauxella and Pseudomonas. In model experiments, the PGP ability of four selected strains was tested on zinnia seeds. Seed inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. and Buttiauxella sp. did not have any significant effect on their germination; however, Buttiauxella sp. contributed to the increase in the length of seedlings compared with the control (by 25 %, on average). It has been suggested that the selected isolates of E. atrorubens rhizobacteria, due to their growth promoting activity and metal tolerance, can facilitate naturalization of the orchid in an industrially disturbed are

White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder : a coordinated analysis across 20 international cohorts in the ENIGMA MDD working group

Altres ajuts: The ENIGMA-Major Depressive Disorder working group gratefully acknowledges support from the NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) award (U54 EB020403 to PMT) and NIH grant R01 MH116147 (PMT). LS is supported by an NHMRC MRFF Career Development Fellowship (APP1140764). We wish to acknowledge the patients and control subjects that have particiaped int the study. We thank Rosa Schirmer, Elke Schreiter, Reinhold Borschke and Ines Eidner for image acquisition and data preparation, and Anna Oliynyk for quality checks. We thank Dorothee P. Auer and F. Holsboer for initiation of the RUD study. We wish to acknowledge the patients and control subjects that have particiaped int the study. We thank Rosa Schirmer, Elke Schreiter, Reinhold Borschke and Ines Eidner for image acquisition and data preparation, and Anna Oliynyk for quality checks. We thank Dorothee P. Auer and F. Holsboer for initiation of the RUD study. NESDA: The infrastructure for the NESDA study (www.nesda.nl) is funded through the Geestkracht program of the Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development (Zon-Mw, grant number 10-000-1002) and is supported by participating universities (VU University Medical Center, GGZ inGeest, Arkin, Leiden University Medical Center, GGZ Rivierduinen, University Medical Center Groningen) and mental health care organizations, see www.nesda.nl. M-JvT was supported by a VENI grant (NWO grant number 016.156.077). UCSF: This work was supported by the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation (formerly NARSAD) to TTY; the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH085734 to TTY; K01MH117442 to TCH) and by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (PDF-1-064-13) to TCH. Stanford: This work was supported by NIMH Grants R01MH59259 and R37101495 to IHG. MS is partially supported by an award funded by the Phyllis and Jerome Lyle Rappaport Foundation. Muenster: This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (SFB-TRR58, Projects C09 and Z02 to UD) and the Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) of the medical faculty of Münster (grant Dan3/012/17 to UD). Marburg: This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant FOR2107 DA1151/5-1 and DA1151/5-2 to UD; KI 588/ 14-1, KI 588/14-2 to TK; KR 3822/7-1, KR 3822/7-2 to AK; JA 1890/ 7-1, JA 1890/7-2 to AJ). IMH-MDD: This work was supported by the National Healthcare Group Research Grant (SIG/15012) awarded to KS. Barcelona: This study was funded by two grants of the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM). The author is funded through 'Miguel Servet' research contract (CP16-0020), co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (2016-2019). QTIM: We thank the twins and singleton siblings who gave generously of their time to participate in the QTIM study. We also thank the many research assistants, radiographers, and IT support staff for data acquisition and DNA sample preparation. This study was funded by White matter disturbances in major depressive disorder: a coordinated analysis across 20 international. . . 1521 the National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (RO1 HD050735); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (Award 1U54EB020403-01, Subaward 56929223); National Health and Medical Research Council, Australia (Project Grants 496682, 1009064). NIH ENIGMA-BD2K U54 EB020403 (Thompson); R01 MH117601 (Jahanshad/Schmaal). Magdeburg: M.L. and M.W. are funded by SFB 779. Bipolar Family Study: This study has received funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013). This paper reflects only the author's views and the European Union is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work was also supported by a Wellcome Trust Strategic Award (104036/Z/14/Z). Minnesota Adolescent Depression Study: The study was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (K23MH090421), the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, the University of Minnesota Graduate School, the Minnesota Medical Foundation, and the Biotechnology Research Center (P41 RR008079 to the Center for Magnetic Resonance Research), University of Minnesota, and the Deborah E. Powell Center for Women's Health Seed Grant, University of Minnesota. Dublin: This study was supported by Science Foundation Ireland through a Stokes Professorhip grant to TF. MPIP: The MPIP Sample comprises patients included in the Recurrent Unipolar Depression (RUD) Case-Control study at the clinic of the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, German. The RUD study was supported by GlaxoSmithKline.Alterations in white matter (WM) microstructure have been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, previous findings have been inconsistent, partially due to low statistical power and the heterogeneity of depression. In the largest multi-site study to date, we examined WM anisotropy and diffusivity in 1305 MDD patients and 1602 healthy controls (age range 12-88 years) from 20 samples worldwide, which included both adults and adolescents, within the MDD Working Group of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) consortium. Processing of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data and statistical analyses were harmonized across sites and effects were meta-analyzed across studies. We observed subtle, but widespread, lower fractional anisotropy (FA) in adult MDD patients compared with controls in 16 out of 25 WM tracts of interest (Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.26). The largest differences were observed in the corpus callosum and corona radiata. Widespread higher radial diffusivity (RD) was also observed (all Cohen's d between 0.12 and 0.18). Findings appeared to be driven by patients with recurrent MDD and an adult age of onset of depression. White matter microstructural differences in a smaller sample of adolescent MDD patients and controls did not survive correction for multiple testing. In this coordinated and harmonized multisite DTI study, we showed subtle, but widespread differences in WM microstructure in adult MDD, which may suggest structural disconnectivity in MDD

The Correlation Between Body Weight and Arterial Blood Pressure in 11 and 15 Years Old Children: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Background. Children’s body weight is the predictor of pathologic elevation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in adult life. The aim of the study is to divide the data on body weight and ABP in adolescents and to find correlations between them. Methods. The randomised study of 11 and 15 years old pupils from general education institutions was carried out. The 16 months research was executed in 9 different regions of the country (one region from every federal district and 5 schools (with juniors and seniors) in each were randomly selected). In addition to measurement of ABP (three times by Korotkov’s method) and body weight (using general bathroom scales) all children were examined by the group of pediatric specialists (pediatrician, gastroenterologist, allergologist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, neurologist, psychologist, cognitive specialist, orthopedic traumatologists, nephrologist, ultrasound and laboratory diagnostic specialist).Results. The study included 1911 teenagers. The correlation (p<0,010 for all groups) between systolic/diastolic blood pressure and body weight was revealed in group of boys at the age of 11 (r=0,394/0,206) and 15 (r=0,231/0,185) years old and in group of girls of the same age age (r=0,330/0,227 and r=0.228/0.148 respectively). Conclusion. The significant correlation between body weight and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 11 and 15 years old children has been revealed

Mechanisms of Macrolide Resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Russia▿

Among 76 macrolide-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected between 2003 and 2005 from Central Russia, the resistance mechanisms detected in the isolates included erm(B) alone (50%), mef alone [mef(E), mef(I), or a different mef subclass; 19.7%], or both erm(B) and mef(E) (30.3%). Isolates with dual resistance genes [erm(B) and mef(E)] belonged to clonal complex CC81 or CC271

Связь массы тела и артериального давления у детей в возрасте 11 и 15 лет: ретроспективное одномоментное исследование

Background. Children’s body weight is the predictor of pathologic elevation of arterial blood pressure (ABP) in adult life. The aim of the study is to divide the data on body weight and ABP in adolescents and to find correlations between them. Methods. The randomised study of 11 and 15 years old pupils from general education institutions was carried out. The 16 months research was executed in 9 different regions of the country (one region from every federal district and 5 schools (with juniors and seniors) in each were randomly selected). In addition to measurement of ABP (three times by Korotkov’s method) and body weight (using general bathroom scales) all children were examined by the group of pediatric specialists (pediatrician, gastroenterologist, allergologist, otolaryngologist, ophthalmologist, neurologist, psychologist, cognitive specialist, orthopedic traumatologists, nephrologist, ultrasound and laboratory diagnostic specialist).Results. The study included 1911 teenagers. The correlation (p<0,010 for all groups) between systolic/diastolic blood pressure and body weight was revealed in group of boys at the age of 11 (r=0,394/0,206) and 15 (r=0,231/0,185) years old and in group of girls of the same age age (r=0,330/0,227 and r=0.228/0.148 respectively). Conclusion. The significant correlation between body weight and levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 11 and 15 years old children has been revealed.Обоснование. Масса тела детей является предиктором патологического повышения артериального давления (АД) во взрослом возрасте.Цель исследования — распределить значения массы тела и АД в подростковой популяции и установить связь между этими показателями.Методы. Проведено рандомизированное исследование школьников в возрасте 11 и 15 лет — учащихся общеобразовательных учреждений. Исследование длительностью 16 мес выполнено в 9 различных регионах страны (рандомно выбраны регионы — по одному из каждого федерального округа, в каждом из них определены по 5 школ, где учатся младшие и старшие подростки). Помимо определения АД (трехкратно по методу Короткова) и измерения массы тела (с помощью напольных весов), все дети были осмотрены бригадой педиатрических специалистов (в составе педиатра, гастроэнтеролога, аллерголога, ЛОР-врача, окулиста, невролога, психолога, специалиста по когнитивной педиатрии, травматолога-ортопеда, нефролога, специалиста ультразвуковой и лабораторной диагностики). Результаты. В исследование включили 1911 подростков. Обнаружена корреляция (p < 0,010 для всех групп) между систолическим/диастолическим АД и массой тела в группе мальчиков 11 (r = 0,394/0,206) и 15 лет (r = 0,231/0,185), а также в группе девочек того же возраста (r = 0,330/0,227 и r = 0,228/0,148 соответственно). Заключение. Выявлена значимая корреляция между массой тела и уровнями систолического и диастолического артериального давления у подростков 11 и 15 лет

Image_1_Brain but not serum BDNF levels are associated with structural alterations in the hippocampal regions in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.png

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal epilepsy, imposing a significant burden on the health care system worldwide. Approximately one-third of patients with this disease who do not adequately respond to pharmacotherapy are considered drug-resistant subjects. Despite having some clues of how such epileptic activity and resistance to therapy emerge, coming mainly from preclinical models, we still witness a scarcity of human data. To narrow this gap, in this study, we aimed to estimate the relationship between hippocampal and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the main and most widely studied neurotrophins, and hippocampal subfield volumes in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal epilepsy undergoing neurosurgical treatment. We found that hippocampal (but not serum) BDNF levels were negatively correlated with the contralateral volumes of the CA1 and CA4 subfields, presubiculum, subiculum, dentate gyrus, and molecular layer of the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings are generally in accordance with existing data, arguing for a proepileptic nature of BDNF effects in the hippocampus and related brain structures.</p

Table_2_Brain but not serum BDNF levels are associated with structural alterations in the hippocampal regions in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.docx

Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is the most common type of focal epilepsy, imposing a significant burden on the health care system worldwide. Approximately one-third of patients with this disease who do not adequately respond to pharmacotherapy are considered drug-resistant subjects. Despite having some clues of how such epileptic activity and resistance to therapy emerge, coming mainly from preclinical models, we still witness a scarcity of human data. To narrow this gap, in this study, we aimed to estimate the relationship between hippocampal and serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), one of the main and most widely studied neurotrophins, and hippocampal subfield volumes in patients with drug-resistant mesial temporal epilepsy undergoing neurosurgical treatment. We found that hippocampal (but not serum) BDNF levels were negatively correlated with the contralateral volumes of the CA1 and CA4 subfields, presubiculum, subiculum, dentate gyrus, and molecular layer of the hippocampus. Taken together, these findings are generally in accordance with existing data, arguing for a proepileptic nature of BDNF effects in the hippocampus and related brain structures.</p