Discurso ambientalista de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales en la Conferencia de Río-92

En este artículo el autor explora los contenidos temáticos del discurso ambientalista en la Cumbre de Río de Janeiro-92. Los textos de los tres principales grupos de discursos han sido identificados como naturaleza, socio-económico y socio-poblacional. La sistemática comparación entre textos comunes y específicos le permite mostrar sus ambivalencias ideológicas y contradicciones. Por consiguiente, las representaciones ambientalistas parecen diferenciarse según el énfasis puesto en conocimiento "especializado"/"contra-especializado", cuestiones de naturaleza-humanidad y Estado/sociedad civil. El autor sugiere que los últimos avances en la investigación sobre naturaleza no han sido acompañados por mejoras sociales (praxis), produciendo dentro de la comunidad ambientalista, fragmentación y subordinación en relación con el conocimiento especializado.On this study the author explores the thematics contents of the environmental discourse in the Summit of Rio-92. The texts of three main groups of discourse had been identified as nature, socio-economic and socio-populational. The systematic comparison between common and specific text allows to show ideological ambivalence and contradictions among them. Thus, the environmentalist representations seem to differentiate according to the emphasis on "specialized"/"contra-specialized" knowledge, nature/human matters and Estate/civil society. The author suggests the last advances on research about nature had not been followed by social ones (praxis), producing fragmentation and subordination to specialized knowledge within the Environmental community

AÇÃO CATÓLICA DIVERGENTE E SUA INFLUÊNCIA SOCIAL: Um Estudo de Caso

The aim of this study was to examine the strategies of social influenceadopted by contemporary Catholic Church inferred from the way of actionand communication showed by its militants. The systematic observation ofpublished documents of one particular Catholic parish in Brazil allows us tounderstand some aspects of the divergent strategy of influence, which wasbased: 1) on the regularity and coherence of diffusion of changing messagesto the local population and to the large society; 2) on the flexibility incombining elements of Catholicism with the aspirations and the culture of thedominated groups; 3) on the effort and the risk lived by the militantsthemselves facing the dominant groups of that time.Celt étude se propose d'examiner les stratégies d’influence sociale adoptéespar I’Eglise contemporaine, telles qu ’elles sont présentées par ses militants.L ’étude systématique des documents publiés par I ’Eglise catholique quiprésente, au Brésil, certaines particularités, permet de comprendre certainsaspects de cette stratégie, aspects relatifs: 1) à la diffusion régulière etconhérente de messages de changement social adressée à la populationlocale et à la sociéte; 2) à la flexibilité du discours qui mélangevolontairement des éléments de catholicisme aux aspirations et à la Culturedes groupes dominés; 3) aux risques et aux efforts des militants, quiaffrontent les groupes dominants.O objetivo deste estudo é examinar estratégias de influência social adotadaspela Igreja Católica contemporânea (Moscovici, 1976; Souza Filho, 1984),inferidas a partir do modo de agir e comunicar apresentado por seusmilitantes. A observação sistemática de documentos publicados por umaIgreja católica particular no Brasil, permitiu-nos compreender algunsaspectos da estratégia de influência divergente, a qual se baseou: 1) nadifusão regular e coerente de mensagens de mudança para a populaçãolocal e da sociedade mais ampla; 2) na flexibilidade, ao combinar elementosdo catolicismo com aspirações e cultura de grupos dominados; 3) no esforçoe risco vivido pelos próprios militantes ao se defrontarem com gruposdominantes naquela época

Aerosol Typology and Trajectories in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere Correct determination of the distribution of aerosol types in the atmosphere is of paramount importance for long-term climate predictions The latest report of the International Panel on Climate Change IPCC addresses aerosols as representing the most significant uncertainties in the context of forcing climate sources These particles can interfere with the climate directly indirectly or semi-directly Directly we can highlight the interaction of these particles with solar radiation through their scattering or absorption Indirectly the role of these aerosols as nuclei for the condensation of liquid and ice in clouds is significant Depending on their quantity these aerosols can form larger or smaller droplets leading to changes in the cloud s albedo As for semi-direct effects we can emphasize the role of aerosols as radiation absorbers within clouds consequently leading to changes in the stability of the air parcel As a semi-direct effect we can highlight changes in the life cycle and the ability to make convective clouds colder and more profound Therefore this work aimed to characterize the types of aerosol and study their optics and trajectories on the properties of the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region considered one of the largest urban centers in the world with a population of approximately 12 million peopl

Um estudo sobre as representações sociais de mulheres executivas: estilo de comportamento e de gestão

With the purpose of identifying and comparing different social representations constructed by women and men as related to women managers, we inquired professionals from public and private companies and students of both male and female sex about the managerial and leadership styles adopted by men and women leaders. The methodological construction of this research is based on theories about behavioral styles and the social influence of individual/minority groups. Our research confirmed that consistency and flexibility predominate in the characterization of men and women's managerial styles, although flexibility is mainly attributed to women, whereas consistency is more associated to men. We also observed that consistency is more used by professionals of the public company while flexibility was frequently mentioned in the private company. In addition, women do not vary their descriptions of managerial styles according to sex. The difference arises in their expectations of change, where they emphasize that a successful manager should adapt to the company's prescriptions, as well as emphasize individual characteristics.Com o objetivo de comparar representações sociais de homens e mulheres em relação às mulheres executivas, perguntamos a profissionais e estudantes universitários como imaginavam os estilos de gerentes dos sexos masculino e feminino. A construção metodológica baseou-se em estudos sobre estilos de comportamento e a influência social de indivíduos e grupos minoritários. Confirmamos que a consistência e a flexibilidade predominaram nas caracterizações dos estilos de gestão tanto feminina, quanto masculina. Observamos também que a consistência foi mais destacada pelos profissionais da empresa pública enquanto a flexibilidade foi mais lembrada pelos profissionais da empresa privada. As mulheres não fizeram distinção na caracterização dos estilos masculino e feminino de gestão. A diferença aparece nas expectativas para a gestão executiva, em que as mulheres apontaram que uma performance mais eficaz é aquela que se adapta às prescrições da empresa, com ênfase nas características individuais

Surface Energy Budget over the Pantanal Wetland During the dry Season

In this work, the diurnal cycle of components of the surfaceenergy budget (SEB) are computed to the Brazilian Pantanal wetlandduring the dry season (September 1999). The analyzed data were collectedduring the Interdisciplinary Pantanal Experiment (IPE-2) realized by INPEand UFMS. A very defined diurnal cycle is observed, suggesting that theavailable energy at surface is mainly employed in the evapotranspirationeven during the dry season.Neste trabalho os componentes do balanço de radiação e energiaà superfície são investigados para o Pantanal Sul Mato-Grossense. Osdados experimentais foram coletados por uma torre meteorológica durantea Campanha Interdisciplinar do Pantanal (IPE-2) em setembro de1999 realizada pelo INPE e UFMS

Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for simultaneous determination of spironolactone and canrenone in plasma samples

In our study, we aimed to validate a method based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to quantify spironolactone (SPI) and its active metabolite canrenone (CAN) simultaneously in plasma samples to support in vivo experiments. Compounds were separated by using a C18 column with the isocratic elution of a mobile phase composed of 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in methanol-water (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. SPI and CAN were detected in na electrospray interface operating in a positive ionization mode and quantified using the selective ion mode monitoring of mass-charge ratios (m/z) of 439.0 for SPI and 363.1 for CAN. After calculating the matrix effect using theoretical equations, we observed the strong interference of plasma in the equipment-generated signal, which required creating analytical curves using the matrix as a solvent. The method was nevertheless linear (r 2 > 0.999) in a concentration range of 0.4-5.0 μg mL−1, as well as precise, with a coefficient of variation less than 5%. SPI’s and CAN’s recovery rates from the plasma ranged from 87.4% to 112.1%, while their limits of detection (i.e., 0.07 μg mL−1 and 0.03 μg mL−1, respectively) and quantification (i.e., 0.20 μg mL−1 and 0.08 μg mL−1, respectively) in the presence of plasma contaminants were low. Therefore, the bioanalytical method seems to be feasible for quantifying SPI and CAN in plasma

Use of Cellulosic Materials as Dye Adsorbents — A Prospective Study

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer of nature, and it is widely used in the synthesis of new materials as well as in the adsorption of dye. This study reports a literature review (articles) and technology review (patents) about publications and product invention, which contain information on the use of cellulose on the adsorption of dyes in the period 2004–2014. For this work, research database and keywords were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. Specific words were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. After a demanding research, 1 patent and 23 articles that contain the words “cellulose,” “dye,” and “adsorption or sorption” in their titles were assessed, and annual evolution studies were performed for publications and countries that publish more

Chemical Functionalization of Cellulosic Materials — Main Reactions and Applications in the Contaminants Removal of Aqueous Medium

The cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer in the world and presents a higher chemical variability for presence of several hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups allow surface modification of biomaterials, with insertion of several chemical groups which change cellulose characteristics. This natural biopolymer and its derivatives have been used a lot as adsorbent, from several contaminants of aqueous medium due to biocompatibility, chemical degradability, and variability. Therefore, this chapter has the objective to review the literature about several cellulose surfaces or cellulosic material (incorporation of carboxymethyl, phosphorus, carboxyl, amines, and sulfur), presenting the main characteristics of reactions and showing its adsorption in application of aqueous medium (metals, dyes, and drugs), locating the main interactions between biomaterial/contaminant

Tolerance to water deficit of cowpea genotypes

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar o efeito do déficit hídrico sobre as características fisiológicas e produtivas do feijão-caupi e selecionar genótipos tolerantes à seca. Avaliaram-se a condutância estomática, o potencial hídrico foliar, a temperatura das folhas e a produtividade de grãos de 20 genótipos de feijão-caupi nas condições de solo e clima de Teresina, Piauí, no ano de 2008 e se conduziram dois experimentos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 20 tratamentos e quatro repetições, um sob déficit hídrico durante a fase reprodutiva e outro sob irrigação plena, para fins de comparação. O déficit hídrico, que foi obtido aplicando-se aproximadamente metade da lâmina requerida pelo feijão-caupi, reduziu em 72% a condutância estomática, 62% o potencial de água nas folhas, 60% a produção de grãos e aumentou em 11,7% a temperatura foliar. Nas condições de déficit hídrico treze genótipos produziram acima da média (466 kg ha-1), com destaque para o BRS-Paraguaçu, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 e Pingo-de-ouro-2, que produziram 712 kg ha-1, 667 kg ha-1 e 642 kg ha-1, respectivamente. Em média, a produtividade de grãos dos genótipos sob irrigação plena foi 150% superior.The objective of this study was to evaluate physiological and productive characteristics of cowpea under water deficit and total irrigation, under soil and climate conditions of Teresina, Piauí State, in 2008. The stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, leaf temperature and grain yield of twenty cowpea cultivars were evaluated. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design with 20 treatments and four replications, one under water deficit during the reproductive phase and another one under total irrigation. The water deficit was obtained applying half of the water depth required by cowpea. The water deficit reduced 72% of the stomatal conductance, 40% the leaf transpiration, 62% of the leaf water potential, 60% of the grain yield and increased 11.7% the leaf temperature. Under water deficit, 13 genotypes produced above average (466 kg ha-1), and BRS-Paraguaçu, Pingo-de-ouro-1-2 and Pingo-de-ouro-2 presented the best grain yield with712 kg ha-1, 667 kg ha-1 and 642 kg ha-1, respectively. The average grain yield of the experiment under total irrigation was 150% higher

Cohesion, team mental models, and collective efficacy: Towards an integrated framework of team dynamics in sport

A nomological network on team dynamics in sports consisting of a multi-framework perspective is introduced and tested. The aim was to explore the interrelationship among cohesion, team mental models (TMM), collective-efficacy (CE), and perceived performance potential (PPP). Three hundred and forty college-aged soccer players representing 17 different teams (8 female and 9 male) participated in the study. They responded to surveys on team cohesion, TMM, CE and PPP. Results are congruent with the theoretical conceptualization of a parsimonious view of team dynamics in sports. Specifically, cohesion was found to be an exogenous variable predicting both TMM and CE beliefs. TMM and CE were correlated and predicted PPP, which in turn accounted for 59% of the variance of objective performance scores as measured by teams’ season record. From a theoretical standpoint, findings resulted in a parsimonious view of team dynamics, which may represent an initial step towards clarifying the epistemological roots and nomological network of various team-level properties. From an applied standpoint, results suggest that team expertise starts with the establishment of team cohesion. Following the establishment of cohesiveness, teammates are able to advance team-related schemas and a collective sense of confidence. Limitations and key directions for future research are outlined