Evaluación de herramientas y recursos informáticos para la traducción: estudio ilustrativo-comparativo de herramientas de uso general para traductores

En el artículo se presenta un caso de evaluación ilustrativa-comparativa de herramientas de uso general para traductores enfocada desde el punto de vista del usuario. En él se hace referencia a la tesis doctoral de la misma autora que intenta aportar nuevos datos sobre la evaluación personalizada de herramientas aplicadas a la traducción. Se resumen los objetivos de la tesis en cuestión, se delimita el objeto de estudio y, a continuación, se describe el proceso de evaluación, incluyendo su diseño, los análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, los resultados provisionales y las conclusiones del estudio en cuestión.G.I. HUM 767 (ayudas a Grupos de Investigación de la Junta de Andalucía) / Editorial Comares (colección interlingua

Analysis of nozzle flexibility in nozzle-vessel intersection in piping system

The goal of the work is to research the flexibility of the nozzle-vessel connection in pipeline system. In conventional methods of piping stress analysis nozzle-vessel juncture is assumed to be rigid. In reality, the juncture possesses the flexibility. Ignoring the nozzle flexibility in stress analysis leads to large overvaluation of the nozzle loads. State of art had been studied and evaluated. Modern state of research of nozzle flexibility had been performed primarily for the vessels not subjected to pressure. In this work comparison of different methods of flexibility calculation had been prepared. Existing piping system had been created and simulated in finite element method software. In code-based software most conservative assumption with vessel-nozzle junction and flanges fixed; with nozzle flexibility had been simulated. Finite element method model had been built and simulated with maximum flexible nozzles and another finite element method model with flange connection fixed. After comparison of the results had been established, that the FEM model of the system with nozzle-vessel junction free to move possesses highest flexibility with lowest nozzle reactions. Highest reactions had been obtained for the system with fixed nozzles and flanges. The results of work give the suggestion of utilizing the nozzle flexibilities in piping stress analysis in order to achieve higher accuracy of results

3-methyl-phenanthrene (3-MP) disrupts the electrical and contractile activity of the heart of the polar fish, navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga)

Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are abundant in crude oil and are enriched during petroleum refinement but knowledge of their cardiotoxicity remains limited. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered the main hazardous components in crude oil and the tricyclic PAH phenanthrene, has been singled out for its direct effects on cardiac tissue in mammals and fish. Here we test the impact of the monomethylated phenanthrene, 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MP), on the contractile and electrical function of the atria and ventricle of a polar fish, the navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga). Using patch-clamp electrophysiology in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes we show that 3-MP is a potent inhibitor of the delayed rectifier current IKr (EC50=0.25 μM) and prolongs ventricular action potential duration. Unlike the parent compound phenanthrene, 3-MP did not reduce the amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) but it accelerated current inactivation thus reducing charge transfer across the myocyte membrane and compromising pressure development of the whole heart. 3-MP was a potent inhibitor (EC50=4.7 μM) of the sodium current (INa), slowing the upstroke of the action potential in isolated cells, slowing conduction velocity across the atria measured with optical mapping, and increasing atrio-ventricular delay in a working whole heart preparation. Together, these findings reveal the strong cardiotoxic potential of this phenanthrene derivative on the fish heart. As 3-MP and other alkylated phenanthrenes comprise a large fraction of the PAHs in crude oil mixtures, these findings are worrisome for Arctic species facing increasing incidence of spills and leaks from the petroleum industry. 3-MP is also a major component of polluted air but is not routinely measured. This is also of concern if the hearts of humans and other terrestrial animals respond to this PAH in a similar manner to fish.<br/

Investigating volatile compounds in the Bacteroides secretome

Microorganisms and their hosts communicate with each other by secreting numerous components. This cross-kingdom cell-to-cell signaling involves proteins and small molecules, such as metabolites. These compounds can be secreted across the membrane via numerous transporters and may also be packaged in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Among the secreted components, volatile compounds (VOCs) are of particular interest, including butyrate and propionate, which have proven effects on intestinal, immune, and stem cells. Besides short fatty acids, other groups of volatile compounds can be either freely secreted or contained in OMVs. As vesicles might extend their activity far beyond the gastrointestinal tract, study of their cargo, including VOCs, is even more pertinent. This paper is devoted to the VOCs secretome of the Bacteroides genus. Although these bacteria are highly presented in the intestinal microbiota and are known to influence human physiology, their volatile secretome has been studied relatively poorly. The 16 most well-represented Bacteroides species were cultivated; their OMVs were isolated and characterized by NTA and TEM to determine particle morphology and their concentration. In order to analyze the VOCs secretome, we propose a headspace extraction with GC–MS analysis as a new tool for sample preparation and analysis of volatile compounds in culture media and isolated bacterial OMVs. A wide range of released VOCs, both previously characterized and newly described, have been revealed in media after cultivation. We identified more than 60 components of the volatile metabolome in bacterial media, including fatty acids, amino acids, and phenol derivatives, aldehydes and other components. We found active butyrate and indol producers among the analyzed Bacteroides species. For a number of Bacteroides species, OMVs have been isolated and characterized here for the first time as well as volatile compounds analysis in OMVs. We observed a completely different distribution of VOC in vesicles compared to the bacterial media for all analyzed Bacteroides species, including almost complete absence of fatty acids in vesicles. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the VOCs secreted by Bacteroides species and explores new perspectives in the study of bacterial secretomes in relation the intercellular communication

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe

Phenological shifts of abiotic events, producers and consumers across a continent

Ongoing climate change can shift organism phenology in ways that vary depending on species, habitats and climate factors studied. To probe for large-scale patterns in associated phenological change, we use 70,709 observations from six decades of systematic monitoring across the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Among 110 phenological events related to plants, birds, insects, amphibians and fungi, we find a mosaic of change, defying simple predictions of earlier springs, later autumns and stronger changes at higher latitudes and elevations. Site mean temperature emerged as a strong predictor of local phenology, but the magnitude and direction of change varied with trophic level and the relative timing of an event. Beyond temperature-associated variation, we uncover high variation among both sites and years, with some sites being characterized by disproportionately long seasons and others by short ones. Our findings emphasize concerns regarding ecosystem integrity and highlight the difficulty of predicting climate change outcomes. The authors use systematic monitoring across the former USSR to investigate phenological changes across taxa. The long-term mean temperature of a site emerged as a strong predictor of phenological change, with further imprints of trophic level, event timing, site, year and biotic interactions.Peer reviewe

Public-private partnership as a tool of sustainable development in the oil-refining sector: Russian case

Dramatic changes in the global energy market due to COVID-19 pandemic, the OPEC+ agreement, and increasing rates of green energy share in the world community have brought nega-tive effects on the oil sector. In the long term, oil will reduce its importance as an energy resource, but for many years, it will continue to play a significant role in the world of energy. The oil industry has huge potential in terms of technical expertise, management, and financial resources to reduce its greenhouse emissions and ensuring an affordable availability of predictable energy. However, nowadays this sector has lost investing attractiveness. It is an interdisciplinary problem with a so-lution at the intersection of different stakeholders’ interests. The article is a review one and devoted to the issue of the implementation a public-private partnership (PPP) as a key tool that allows the use of the state and the business’ available resources to achieve the sector’s sustainable development and investment attractiveness. Research and analysis of PPP were based on foreign and domestic literature, using classification and generalization methods, retrospective and critical analysis. This paper contains identified groups of drivers, constraints, and recommendations for further successful PPP implementation in the Russian case