Christina Stead's Poor Women of Sydney, Travelling into Our Times

The paper considers the world within that Stead brought to her first novel, made up from a wide range of reading, and interaction with left intellectuals. bohemians and political activists in Sydney from during the First World War to the end of the 1920s

The Uses of Whiteness Theory in Critical Discourses of Race

The article applies some theories of 'whiteness' to a discussion of writing by Eleanor Dark, Jean Devanney and Katharine Susannah Prichard

La grotte de Gargas (Hautes-Pyrénées, France) : l'apport du contexte archéologique à l'interprétation de l'art pariétal

International audiencepas de résum

La grotte de Gargas (Aventignan, Hautes-Pyrénées) : nouvelles perspectives de recherche et premiers résultats sur les occupations gravettiennes.

International audienceIn this paper, we present the first results of new excavations of Gargas Cave from 2004 to 2005. These excavations were undertaken 90 years after the interruption of archaeological research by É. Cartailhac and H. Breuil (1911 and 1913). The current excavation concerns a zone that corresponds to a debris cone that naturally closed the cave. It contains two loci, separated by 20 metres. The first one (GES) is at the base of the cone near the former Cartailhac-Breuil excavations. The second one (GPO), which has not yet been excavated, is at the top of the cone near the prehistoric entrance. In the GES sector, we have identified the upper part of the stratigraphic sequence described during the Cartailhac-Breuil excavations and which corresponds to the Gravettian occupations. In the GPO sector, the deposit shows some sedimentological differences, but the Gravettian ensemble is also represented there. Our study of the newly excavated materials integrates information contributed by the old collections. According to the results of C14 dating, the Gravettian occupations occurred between 27,000 and 25,000 BP. The lithic industry is attributed to the Middle Gravettian with Noailles burins and shows a clear microlithic trend. The bone industry is principally composed of “mattocks” made on herbivore ribs, smoothers, awls and retouchers. The antler waste products show that longitudinal grooving was used for the fabrication of tools. Though no Isturitz Points have yet been found during the new excavations, this characteristic Gravettian point type is present in the old collections. The personal ornaments consist mainly of pierced Atlantic shells and perforated Cervid, Bovin, Izard and Carnivore teeth. In terms of their meat diet, the Gravettian groups at this site consumed mostly Reindeer, Bovinae and Izard. A zooarchaeological analysis has also demonstrated that the cave was occupied during all seasons and that butchery and consumption activities were performed there.Nous présentons ici les premiers résultats obtenus au cours de la reprise des fouilles dans la grotte de Gargas (campagnes 2004-2005). Celles-ci interviennent 90 ans après l'interruption des recherches archéologiques d'É. Cartailhac et H. Breuil (1911 et 1913). La fouille actuelle concerne la zone correspondant au cône d'éboulis qui a fermé naturellement la grotte. Elle se déroule sur deux locus distant d'une vingtaine de mètres : le premier (GES) à la base du cône, à proximité des anciennes fouilles Cartailhac- Breuil, le second (GPO) en amont du cône, proche de l'entrée préhistorique ; cette dernière zone n'avait pas été fouillée jusqu'à ce jour. Dans le secteur GES, nous avons retrouvé la partie supérieure du profil stratigraphique, décrit lors des fouilles Cartailhac-Breuil et qui correspond aux occupations gravettiennes. Dans le secteur GPO, le remplissage présente quelques différences sédimentologiques, mais l'ensemble gravettien est également présent. L'étude du matériel récent est réalisée en intégrant l'apport documentaire des anciennes collections. D'après les résultats des datations14C, les occupations gravettiennes s'échelonnent entre 27 000 et 25 000 BP. L'industrie lithique se rapporte au Gravettien moyen à burins de Noailles, avec une nette tendance à la microlithisation. L'industrie en matières dures d'origine animale se compose principalement de côtes d'herbivores utilisées, de lissoirs, de poinçons et de retouchoirs. Les déchets de débitage en bois de Cervidés témoignent de l'utilisation du rainurage longitudinal pour la fabrication de l'outillage. Si aucune « sagaie d'Isturitz » n'a été découverte au cours des campagnes récentes, ce type caractéristique du Gravettien fait néanmoins partie des anciennes collections. Les éléments de parure sont principalement constitués de coquillages perforés de provenance atlantique et de dents percées de Cervidés, de Bovinés et de Carnivores. Le régime carné des Gravettiens était principalement basé sur le Renne, les Bovinés et l'Isard. L'analyse archéozoologique a également permis d'établir que la grotte a été fréquentée à toutes les périodes de l'année et qu'elle fut le lieu d'activités de boucherie et de consommation

Arancou (Bourrouilla), Bilan scientifique 2005 du Service Régional de l'Archéologie Aquitaine

Bilan scientifique 2006 du Service Régional de l'Archéologie AquitaineBilan de la compagne de fouille à la grotte Bourrouilla à Arancou (64

Discovery of the mandible of a young child in a Gravettian level of Gargas cave (Hautes-Pyrenees, France)

New archaeological research has been carried out in the lower gallery of Gargas cave (Hautes-Pyrénées) since 2004. The main results concern the Gravettian occupations of this gallery and update data from former excavations directed by Cartailhac and Breuil (1911-1913), in particular, data relating to the functional, spatial and chronological characteristics of site use by the authors of the rock art. During the 2011 excavations, a young child’s mandible was discovered in the upper part of the Gravettian level of Room I, where two thirds of the painted hands are located. The aim of this paper is to present this discovery with a preliminary description of the mandible and its stratigraphic location. The interest of these human remains is evaluated in regard to the context of recent discoveries in Cussac and Vilhonneur and updated data for southwestern Europe. The possible existence of a funerary context in Gargas cave could advance further studies and interpretations for this key European Gravettian site

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707

Bio-cultural refugia—Safeguarding diversity of practices for food security and biodiversity

Food security for a growing world population is high on the list of grand sustainability challenges, as is reducing the pace of biodiversity loss in landscapes of food production. Here we shed new insights on areas that harbor place specific social memories related to food security and stewardship of biodiversity. We call them bio-cultural refugia. Our goals are to illuminate how bio-cultural refugia store, revive and transmit memory of agricultural biodiversity and ecosystem services, and how such social memories are carried forward between people and across cohorts. We discuss the functions of such refugia for addressing the twin goals of food security and biodiversity conservation in landscapes of food production. The methodological approach is first of its kind in combining the discourses on food security, social memory and biodiversity management. We find that the rich biodiversity of many regionally distinct cultural landscapes has been maintained through a mosaic of management practices that have co-evolved in relation to local environmental fluctuations, and that such practices are carried forward by both biophysical and social features in bio-cultural refugia including; genotypes, artifacts, written accounts, as well as embodied rituals, art, oral traditions and self-organized systems of rules. Combined these structure a diverse portfolio of practices that result in genetic reservoirs-source areas-for the wide array of species, which in interplay produce vital ecosystem services, needed for future food security related to environmental uncertainties, volatile financial markets and large scale conflicts. In Europe, processes related to the large-scale industrialization of agriculture threaten such bio-cultural refugia. The paper highlights that the dual goals to reduce pressures from modern agriculture on biodiversity, while maintaining food security, entails more extensive collaboration with farmers oriented toward ecologically sound practices. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Editorial

The most disputed frontier of all,' says Pierre Bourdieu, `is the one which separates the field of cultural production and the field of power.' In Bourdieu's analysis, those with the most disposition to challenge those who control capital and the state are artists and writers, who are involved in a continual struggle for autonomy against capitalism's compulsions and constraints in relation to human advancement. Cultural producers who take responsibility for the state of things, who repeatedly contest the dominant assumptions in the institutions in which they work, are also thereby seeking the fullest humanity