89 research outputs found
Troponins, Acute Coronary Syndrome and Renal Disease: From Acute Kidney Injury Through End-stage Kidney Disease
The diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is heavily dependent on cardiac biomarker assays, particularly cardiac troponins. ACS, particularly non-ST segment elevation MI, are more common in patients with acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), are associated with worse outcomes than in patients without kidney disease and are often difficult to diagnose and treat. Hence, early accurate diagnosis of ACS in kidney disease patients is important using easily available tools, such as cardiac troponins. However, the diagnostic reliability of cardiac troponins has been suboptimal in patients with kidney disease due to possible decreased clearance of troponin with acute and chronic kidney impairment and low levels of troponin secretion due to concomitant cardiac muscle injury related to left ventricular hypertrophy, inflammation and fibrosis. This article reviews the metabolism and utility of cardiac biomarkers in patients with acute and chronic kidney diseases. Cardiac troponins are small peptides that accumulate in both acute and chronic kidney diseases due to impaired excretion. Hence, troponin concentrations rise and fall with acute kidney injury and its recovery, limiting their use in the diagnosis of ACS. Troponin concentrations are chronically elevated in CKD and ESKD, are associated with poor prognosis and decrease the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of ACS. Yet, the evidence indicates that the use of high-sensitivity troponins can confirm or exclude a diagnosis of ACS in the emergency room in a significant proportion of kidney disease patients; those patients in whom the results are equivocal may need longer in-hospital assessment
Nondipole Resonant X-ray-Raman Spectroscopy: Polarized Inelastic Scattering at the K Edge of Cl2
Experimental and theoretical studies are reported on the inelastic (Raman) scattering of wavelength-selected polarized x rays from the K edge of gas-phase chlorine molecules. The polarized emission spectra exhibit prominent nondipole features consequent of phase variations of the incident and emitted radiation over molecular dimensions, as predicted by the Kramers-Heisenberg scattering formalism. Issues pursuant to the detection of core-hole localization by resonant Raman scattering from homonuclear diatomic molecules are critically examined. [S0031-9007(97)03486-8
Reply to Comment on âNondipole Resonant X-ray-Raman Spectroscopy: Polarized Inelastic Scattering at the K Edge of Cl2,â
Mills et al. Reply: In their Comment on our Letter [1], Gelâmukhanov and Ă
gren [2] reiterate recent assertions [3] based on their earlier theoretical studies [4]. The primary purpose of their Comment is apparently to refute our stated conclusion that core-excited-state localization/ delocalization mechanisms are irrelevant to interpretations of reported Raman scattering experiments on homonuclear diatomic molecules
Sheila, Take a Bow
Professor Sheila Whiteley passed away on 6th of June, 2015. Sheilaâs ground-breaking achievements in popular culture and gender studies, alongside her bright personal triumphs are celebrated by numerous obituaries from national and international media. Here, we present the tributes of Sheilaâs students, colleagues and friends.Sheila Whiteley nous a quittĂ©s le 6 juin 2015. Ses recherches pionniĂšres sur la culture populaire et le genre, en plus de ses grands succĂšs personnels, furent cĂ©lĂ©brĂ©s dans de nombreux mĂ©dias internationaux. Nous vous prĂ©sentons ici une sĂ©rie dâhommages de ses Ă©tudiants, collĂšgues et amis
Crossâcultural assessment of HIVâassociated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children: a systematic review
Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIVâassociated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect such impairment can help clinicians formulate effective treatment plans. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), although developed and standardized in the United States, is used frequently in many different countries and cultural contexts to assess paediatric performance across various cognitive domains. This systematic review investigated the crossâcultural utility of the original KABC, and its 2nd edition (KABCâII), in detecting HIVâassociated cognitive impairment in children and adolescents.Methods: We entered relevant keywords and MeSH terms into the PubMed, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Scopus databases, with search limits set from 1983â2017. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved abstracts and manuscripts. Studies eligible for inclusion in the review were those that (a) used the KABC/KABCâII to assess cognitive function in children/adolescents aged 2â18Â years, (b) featured a definition of cognitive impairment (e.g. >2 SD below the mean) or compared the performance of HIVâinfected and uninfected control groups, and (c) used a sample excluded from population on which the instruments were normed.Results and discussion: We identified nine studies (eight conducted in African countries, and one in the United Kingdom) to comprise the reviewâs sample. All studies detected cognitive impairment in HIVâinfected children, including those who were cARTânaĂŻve or who were cART treated and clinically stable. KABC/KABCâII subtests assessing simultaneous processing appeared most sensitive. Evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies by two independent reviews suggested that shortcomings included reporting and selection biases.Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence for the crossâcultural utility of the KABC/KABCâII, particularly the simultaneous processing subtests, in detecting cognitive impairment in HIVâinfected children (including those who are clinically stable). Although the current results suggest there is justification for using the KABC/KABCâII primarily in East Africa, further investigation is required to explore the instrumentâs utility in other HIVâprevalent regions of the globe.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138351/1/jia21412.pd
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Challenges and opportunities for improved understanding of regional climate dynamics
Dynamical processes in the atmosphere and ocean are central to determining the large-scale drivers of regional climate change, yet their predictive understanding is poor. Here, we identify three frontline challenges in climate dynamics where significant progress can be made to inform adaptation: response of storms, blocks and jet streams to external forcing; basin-to-basin and tropicalâextratropical teleconnections; and the development of non-linear predictive theory. We highlight opportunities and techniques for making immediate progress in these areas, which critically involve the development of high-resolution coupled model simulations, partial coupling or pacemaker experiments, as well as the development and use of dynamical metrics and exploitation of hierarchies of models
Observation of many new argon valence satellites near threshold
Photoelectron spectra and zero-volt electron scans were measured following synchrotron-radiation excitation of argon, to elucidate the photon energy range between threshold and the Cooper-minimum region of the Ar 3s photoline. A number of the ââcorrelation satelliteââ lines show a dramatic increase of fractional intensity, yielding a total of about forty observed photolines at threshold. This effect is interpreted as arising from strong interchannel coupling near threshold, yielding highâangular-momentum ionic states otherwise inaccessible. The distinction between ââintrinsicââ correlation effects due to discrete states and ââdynamicââ correlations arising through the photoemission process is emphasized
Dark Sound: Feminine Voices in Sonic Shadow
Dark Sound is a concept bound to music that embodies 'dark' themes such as melancholy, death, desire, violence, loss and longing. This text interrogates the attraction to dark sound and its historical association with femininity through case studies such as Moor Mother, Anna Calvi, Chelsea Wolfe, concluding with the intensely political repertoire of Greek-American composer and singer Diamanda GalĂĄs
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