Molecular stratigraphic analysis with raman spectroscopy of the shell of a mussel

Peer Reviewe

Molecular stratigraphic analysis with Raman spectroscopy of the shell of a mussel

Two different cristallographical forms of calcium carbonate (aragonite and calcite) has been identified in mussels with Raman spectroscopy.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Peel of traditional apple varieties as a great source of bioactive compounds: extraction by micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion

Micro matrix solid phase dispersion (micro-MSPD) was optimized by response surface methodology for the extraction of polyphenols from the peel of twelve traditional and eight commercial apple varieties grown in Croatia. The optimized micro-MSPD procedure includes the use of 0.2 g of sample, 0.8 g of dispersant, a 57% solution of methanol in water as the solvent and 5 mL of extract volume. The total polyphenolic index (TPI) and antioxidant activity (AA) were measured by spectrophotometric assays. Eighteen polyphenolic compounds were identified in all investigated apples by HPLC-DAD and LC-(ESI)-MS. The peel of traditional apple varieties had higher contents of all investigated polyphenols. Calculated relative contribution of polyphenol groups indicated non-flavonoids (28.6%) and flavanols (46.2%) as the major contributors to the total polyphenolic content in traditional and commercial apple varieties, respectively. The most abundant polyphenol in traditional apple peel was chlorogenic acid, procyanidin B2 and epicatechin (1143 ± 755 µg/g dw, 954 ± 343 µg/g dw and 560 ± 362 µg/g dw, respectively). The peel of varieties ‘Apistar’, ‘Bobovac’ and ‘Božićnica’ could be highlighted as an important source of polyphenols.S

Canine Leishmaniosis: tools for diagnosis in veterinary practice in Colombia

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to perform a critical analysis and guide veterinarians in the management of canine Leishmaniosis. A systematic literature review was performed between 2005 and 2014 including scientific papers which take into account experiences and reports of: pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, vaccination, prevention and control strategies. We discuss the different aspects of VL management and aspects that should be taken into account depending on the country, after a patient is suspected or confirmed as positive, including the possibility of euthanasia. We describe the different clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnosis, signs and treatment of canine leishmaniosis. Canine leishmaniosis is present in different parts of the country, therefore it must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the veterinary clinic, in patients with dermatological and systemic signs that are compatible with various diseases. In Colombia, the patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis could be treated and have a favorable prognosis, whereas in canines with diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis euthanasia should be considered because of the public health implications

Canine Leishmaniosis: tools for diagnosis in veterinary practice in Colombia

ABSTRACT The objective of this article is to perform a critical analysis and guide veterinarians in the management of canine Leishmaniosis. A systematic literature review was performed between 2005 and 2014 including scientific papers which take into account experiences and reports of: pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment, vaccination, prevention and control strategies. We discuss the different aspects of VL management and aspects that should be taken into account depending on the country, after a patient is suspected or confirmed as positive, including the possibility of euthanasia. We describe the different clinical manifestations of the disease, diagnosis, signs and treatment of canine leishmaniosis. Canine leishmaniosis is present in different parts of the country, therefore it must be considered as a possible differential diagnosis in the veterinary clinic, in patients with dermatological and systemic signs that are compatible with various diseases. In Colombia, the patients diagnosed with cutaneous leishmaniasis could be treated and have a favorable prognosis, whereas in canines with diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis euthanasia should be considered because of the public health implications

Análisis Genómico de los daños por frío en tomate Microtom

[ESP] La respuesta al frío en las plantas se ha identificado como un proceso de aclimatación que requiere la activación y represión de genes que permiten una mejor supervivencia. Dicha respuesta se produce en tiempos cortos o muy cortos de veinte a treinta minutos, lo que implica que los sensores de frío se encuentran presentes en las células vegetales responsables de la respuesta. Durante el proceso de comercialización, muchas frutas y hortalizas se almacenan en cámaras frigoríficas que reducen la velocidad de maduración o senescencia, pero que provocan en algunos casos daños por frío. Hemos utilizado el fruto de tomate de la variedad Micro Tom para llevar a cabo un cribado exhaustivo de genes activados y reprimidos por el frío. Sorprendentemente, ninguno de los genes que aparecieron en el cribado han sido identificados como genes de respuesta al frío o de maduración lo que sugiere que los daños por frío se deben a una disrupción de la maquinaria de mantenimiento celular. El gen LeCBF1 es un factor de transcripción que activa una de las rutas de aclimatación al frío. Dicho gen es activado por frío en hojas de tomate, pero no fue activado por el frío en frutos, lo que sugiere que la enorme sensibilidad de los frutos de tomate al frío puede deberse a una falta de respuesta a dicho estrés abiótico. [ENG] Cold sensing in plants has been described as an acclimation process that requires activation and repression of several sets of genes that improve plant survival. This response happens in short or very short periods between twenty and thirty minutes, suggesting that cold sensors are present in plant cells responsible of cold sensing and responses. During shipping and marketing, many fruits and vegetables are stored in cold chambers in order to reduce ripening or senescence speed, causing in some cases the so called chilling injury syndrome. We have used tomato fruits of the Microtom cultivar in order to perform and exhaustive screen for genes activated and repressed by the cold. Surprisingly none of the genes that appeared in the screen had been previously identified as cold-response or ripening gene

Genomic analysis of chilling injury in MicroTom fruits

[SPA] La respuesta al frío en las plantas se ha identificado como un proceso de aclimatación que requiere la activación y represión de genes que permiten una mejor supervivencia. Dicha respuesta se produce en tiempos cortos o muy cortos de veinte a treinta minutos, lo que implica que los sensores de frío se encuentran presentes en las células vegetales responsables de la respuesta. Durante el proceso de comercialización, muchas frutas y hortalizas se almacenan en cámaras frigoríficas que reducen la velocidad de maduración o senescencia, pero que provocan en algunos casos daños por frío. Hemos utilizado el fruto de tomate de la variedad Micro Tom para llevar a cabo un cribado exhaustivo de genes activados y reprimidos por el frío. Sorprendentemente, ninguno de los genes que aparecieron en el cribado han sido identificados como genes de respuesta al frío o de maduración lo que sugiere que los daños por frío se deben a una disrupción de la maquinaria de mantenimiento celular. El gen LeCBF1 es un factor de transcripción que activa una de las rutas de aclimatación al frío. Dicho gen es activado por frío en hojas de tomate, pero no fue activado por el frío en frutos, lo que sugiere que la enorme sensibilidad de los frutos de tomate al frío puede deberse a una falta de respuesta a dicho estrés abiótico. [ENG] Cold sensing in plants has been described as an acclimation process that requires activation and repression of several sets of genes that improve plant survival. This response happens in short or very short periods between twenty and thirty minutes, suggesting that cold sensors are present in plant cells responsible of cold sensing and responses. During shipping and marketing, many fruits and vegetables are stored in cold chambers in order to reduce ripening or senescence speed, causing in some cases the so called chilling injury syndrome. We have used tomato fruits of the Microtom cultivar in order to perform and exhaustive screen for genes activated and repressed by the cold. Surprisingly none of the genes that appeared in the screen had been previously identified as cold-response or ripening genes suggesting that chilling injuries are due to a disruption of the house-keeping cellular system. The LeCBf1 gene is a transcription factor that activates one of the cold acclimation pathways. Gene expression analysis showed that cold treatment activated LeCBF1in leaves but not in fruits suggesting that the extreme sensitivity of tomato fruits to cold are due to a lack of response to this abiotic stress

INFORME DEL OBSERVATORIO DE LA CIENCIA CIUDADANA EN ESPAÑA 2017

This document reports the activites and studies carried out by Ibercivis in 2017 running the Spanish Citizen Science Observatory. It describes the catalogue of practices, the analysis of impacts, the evolution of citizen science publications in scientific journals, a comparison of citizen science organizations, an overview of citizen science funding programmes, and a report of citizen science dissemination activites such as the #CitSciChatES twitter sessions or more than 60 articles published in general media. Final version with correct formatting will be published early 2018. Spanish version only. Further info upon request. Contact person: Fermin Serrano [email protected]

Acción combinada de la radiación UV-C y la atmósfera controlada para optimizar la calidad del tomate

[ESP] El tomate es una hortaliza de gran importancia económica y fuente de vitaminas y varios compuestos con propiedades antioxidantes beneficiosas para la salud. En algunos productos hortofrutícolas recolectados, la aplicación de radiación UV-C o de atmósferas controladas (AC) ha inhibido el desarrollo de podredumbres. Pero hasta ahora se desconoce el efecto de la radiación UV-C, sola o combinada con AC, sobre atributos básicos de la maduración y calidad del tomate cosechado como el color y la firmeza. El presente trabajo analiza el efecto sobre dichos atributos de 4 kJ/m2 de UV-C tras 3 semanas de conservación a 12ºC bajo 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 y aire, más un periodo complementario de comercialización en aire para todos los casos de 7 días a 18ºC. Los testigos fueron frutos sin tratar con UV-C conservados a 12ºC en aire. En ningún tratamiento se registraron podredumbres durante el almacenamiento. Al finalizar la conservación, prácticamente no hubieron variaciones en el índice de color Croma, mientras que en el ºHue, la acción combinada de la radiación UV-C y la AC provocó un menor descenso del valor en la cosecha (59º), lo que indica un cierto retraso de la maduración. Igualmente se produjo un menor descenso en el ºHue para los frutos tratados con 4 kJ/m2 UV-C y conservados en aire. La firmeza inicial de los tomates fue 12,4 N y se preservó por la acción conjunta de la AC y UV-C, mientras que en el resto de tratamientos se registró un descenso de 1 a 1,5 N. Como principal conclusión, los tomates pretratados con 4 kJ/m2 UV-C y almacenados 21 días a 12ºC bajo 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 presentaron un menor desarrollo de la maduración, reteniendo bien la firmeza inicial, incluso tras la comercialización. [ENG] Tomato is an economically relevant vegetable as well as an important source of vitamins and several antioxidant compounds with health-promoting properties. Pre-treatments with UV-C radiation or controlled atmosphere storage (CA) have resulted in improved postharvest microbial inhibition for many horticultural products. However there is still a lack of information about the combined effect of UV-C radiation and CA on basic tomato ripening attributes during postharvest life. The objective of this work was to analyse the effect on color and firmness of tomatoes after irradiation or not with UV-C (4 kJ/m2) and stored up to 21 days at 12ºC under two atmospheres, air and CA (5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2), followed by a complementary shelf life of 7 days at 18ºC in air for all cases. Control fruit were not UV-C treated and stored in air. Decay was not detected for any treatment. Croma colour index showed slight not significant changes throughout storage. On the contrary, the combined effect of UV-C and CA resulted in a lower decrease of Hue angle when compared to value at harvest (59º) indicating a delay in ripening development. In the same way, a lower decrease in Hue angle occurred on fruit UV-C treated and stored in air when compared with control. Firmness at harvest was 12.4 N and it was only kept by the combined effect of CA and UV-C, while a decrease of 1-1.5 N was found for the remaining treatments. As main conclusion, tomatoes pre-treated with 4 kJ/m2 UV-C, stored during 21 days at 12ºC under 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 showed a lower development of ripening with a good firmness retention. This effect on firmness was persistent after complementary shelf life.Los autores agradecen a la Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia la beca otorgada a P.A. Robles. Igualmente se agradece a S.A.T. 9895 Agrícola Perichan (Mazarrón,Murcia,España) el aporte de material vegetal y al Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal el uso de algunos equipos

Combined effect of UV-C radiation and controlled atmosphere storage to preserve tomato quality

[SPA] El tomate es una hortaliza de gran importancia económica y fuente de vitaminas y varios compuestos con propiedades antioxidantes beneficiosas para la salud. En algunos productos hortofrutícolas recolectados, la aplicación de radiación UV-C o de atmósferas controladas (AC) ha inhibido el desarrollo de podredumbres. Pero hasta ahora se desconoce el efecto de la radiación UV-C, sola o combinada con AC, sobre atributos básicos de la maduración y calidad del tomate cosechado como el color y la firmeza. El presente trabajo analiza el efecto sobre dichos atributos de 4 kJ/m2 de UV-C tras 3 semanas de conservación a 12ºC bajo 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 y aire, más un periodo complementario de comercialización en aire para todos los casos de 7 días a 18ºC. Los testigos fueron frutos sin tratar con UV-C conservados a 12ºC en aire. En ningún tratamiento se registraron podredumbres durante el almacenamiento. Al finalizar la conservación, prácticamente no hubieron variaciones en el índice de color Croma, mientras que en el ºHue, la acción combinada de la radiación UV-C y la AC provocó un menor descenso del valor en la cosecha (59º), lo que indica un cierto retraso de la maduración. Igualmente se produjo un menor descenso en el ºHue para los frutos tratados con 4 kJ/m2 UV-C y conservados en aire. La firmeza inicial de los tomates fue 12,4 N y se preservó por la acción conjunta de la AC y UV-C, mientras que en el resto de tratamientos se registró un descenso de 1 a 1,5 N. Como principal conclusión, los tomates pretratados con 4 kJ/m2 UV-C y almacenados 21 días a 12ºC bajo 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 presentaron un menor desarrollo de la maduración, reteniendo bien la firmeza inicial, incluso tras la comercialización. [ENG] Tomato is an economically relevant vegetable as well as an important source of vitamins and several antioxidant compounds with health-promoting properties. Pre-treatments with UV-C radiation or controlled atmosphere storage (CA) have resulted in improved postharvest microbial inhibition for many horticultural products. However there is still a lack of information about the combined effect of UV-C radiation and CA on basic tomato ripening attributes during postharvest life. The objective of this work was to analyse the effect on color and firmness of tomatoes after irradiation or not with UV-C (4 kJ/m2) and stored up to 21 days at 12ºC under two atmospheres, air and CA (5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2), followed by a complementary shelf life of 7 days at 18ºC in air for all cases. Control fruit were not UV-C treated and stored in air. Decay was not detected for any treatment. Croma colour index showed slight not significant changes throughout storage. On the contrary, the combined effect of UV-C and CA resulted in a lower decrease of Hue angle when compared to value at harvest (59º) indicating a delay in ripening development. In the same way, a lower decrease in Hue angle occurred on fruit UV-C treated and stored in air when compared with control. Firmness at harvest was 12.4 N and it was only kept by the combined effect of CA and UV-C, while a decrease of 1-1.5 N was found for the remaining treatments. As main conclusion, tomatoes pre-treated with 4 kJ/m2 UV-C, stored during 21 days at 12ºC under 5 kPa O2 + 1 kPa CO2 showed a lower development of ripening with a good firmness retention. This effect on firmness was persistent after complementary shelf life.Los autores agradecen a la Fundación Séneca de la Región de Murcia la beca otorgada a P.A. Robles. Igualmente se agradece a S.A.T. 9895 Agrícola Perichan (Mazarrón, Murcia, España) el aporte de material vegetal y al Instituto de Biotecnología Vegetal el uso de algunos equipos