A utilização de ferramentas de ensino à distância para motivar alunos nativos digitais, no ensino presencial: The use of distance learning tools to motivate digital native students in face-to-face teaching

Esse estudo propõe uma mudança de paradigmas na metodologia de ensino e nas práticas docentes da educação presencial, através da utilização de ferramentas de ensino à distância, considerando as características do público que hoje se apresenta ao ensino superior, pois as formas como as chamadas Gerações digitais interagem com as tecnologias, cada uma a seu tempo, não podem mais ser desprezadas. Com a utilização da tecnologia que pode ser executada tanto nos computadores como em dispositivos de uso diário dos alunos, eles podem ser incentivados a dedicar mais horas ao estudo resultando em melhor rendimento

Contribution to the study of Chagas disease epidemiology in three southern Peru localities

Objetivos: Investigar en humanos la presencia de anticuerpos IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi y los hábitos alimenticios de triatominos de las viviendas de 3 localidades de la provincia de Nasca, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio de anticuerpos IgG anti-T. cruzi por medio de los métodos RIFI y ELISA en muestras de sangre de 867 habitantes (excluidos los menores de un año), en las localidades de Tulín, Vista Alegre y Changuillo, para evaluar el problema de la enfermedad de Chagas. Además se investigó las condiciones de 494 casas, se capturó 581 ejemplares de Triatoma infestans (411 ninfas y 170 adultos) y se examinó su contenido intestinal, para la identificación de sus hábitos alimenticios y búsqueda de T. cruzi. Resultados: Se identificó anticuerpos IgG anti-T. cruzi en muestras de 128 personas (14,8%), 89 (15,9%) de sexo femenino y 39 (12,6%) de sexo masculino. La reacción de precipitina en tubo capilar (8 antígenos) identificó en 401 insectos (69,0%) sus fuentes de alimento, siendo las principales: aves 252 ( 43,4%), roedores 36 (6,2%), humano 23 (3,9%) y perro (1,6%). Una hembra de T. infestans se encontró infectada por T. cruzi. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia en humanos fue de 14,8%. En relación a los hábitos alimenticios, la ingesta de sangre humana se encontró en3,9% de los triatominos, lo cual indica factor de riesgo para contraer la enfermedad de Chagas.Objectives: To determine the presence of IgG anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in humans and the triatomines feeding habits in 3 Nasca, Peru provinces housings. Material and methods: IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies were studied by RIFI and ELISA methods in 867 inhabitants blood samples (excluding less than one year-old children) in Tulin, Vista Alegre and Changuillo localities in order to determine Chagas disease. We also investigated 494 houses conditions, captured 581 samples of Triatoma infestans (411 nymphs and 170 adults) and intestinal contents were studied for feeding habits and search for T. cruzi. Results:We identified IgG anti-T. cruzi antibodies in 128 inhabitants samples (14,8%), 89 (15,9%) females and 39 (12,6%) males. Precipitine reaction in capillary tube (8 antigens) identified feeding origin in 401 insects (69,0%), mainly birds 252 (43,4%), rodents 36 (6,2%), humans 23 (3,9%) and dogs (1,6%). One T. infestans female was found infected with T. cruzi. Conclusions: Human positivity of Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies was 14,8% and human blood ingestion was found in 3,9% of triatomines, representing a risk factor for Chagas disease

Prevalence of major apical foramen mismatching the root apex in root canals of human permanent teeth

The periapical radiograph is used to determine the working length in endodontic treatment. However, this radiograph does not define the position of the major apical foramen. Objective: This ex vivo laboratorial study aims to determine the prevalence of the major apical foramen mismatching the root apex in human permanent teeth, because when present, this mismatch makes the radiographic method inaccurate for determining the working length. Material and methods: This study used 400 human permanent teeth: 100 incisors, 100 canines, 100 premolars, and 100 molars, totalizing 634 canals (Ethics Committee, Federal University of Ceará #263/10). The access and negotiation of the root canals were performed with K-type files #10 and #15 until the tip of the instrument were visible at the root foramen through 5-fold magnifying glass. Periapical radiographs were performed on bucco-lingual incidence for single-rooted teeth; the incidence angle was changed for multi-rooted teeth. The films were processed and then analyzed by three calibrated examiners (Kappa 80%). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for analyzing of the results. Results: The prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex was 19.72% of the canals studied. The incisors showed the lowest prevalence (9%, p<0.05) while the highest prevalence was seen in canine teeth (28%). Conclusion: According to the methodology applied, the prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex foramens make necessary an adjunct method for determining the working length, because it alone was not capable of determining the foramen position.The periapical radiograph is used to determine the working length in endodontic treatment. However, this radiograph does not define the position of the major apical foramen. Objective: This ex vivo laboratorial study aims to determine the prevalence of the major apical foramen mismatching the root apex in human permanent teeth, because when present, this mismatch makes the radiographic method inaccurate for determining the working length. Material and methods: This study used 400 human permanent teeth: 100 incisors, 100 canines, 100 premolars, and 100 molars, totalizing 634 canals (Ethics Committee, Federal University of Ceará #263/10). The access and negotiation of the root canals were performed with K-type files #10 and #15 until the tip of the instrument were visible at the root foramen through 5-fold magnifying glass. Periapical radiographs were performed on bucco-lingual incidence for single-rooted teeth; the incidence angle was changed for multi-rooted teeth. The films were processed and then analyzed by three calibrated examiners (Kappa 80%). Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for analyzing of the results. Results: The prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex was 19.72% of the canals studied. The incisors showed the lowest prevalence (9%, p<0.05) while the highest prevalence was seen in canine teeth (28%). Conclusion: According to the methodology applied, the prevalence of major apical foramens mismatching the root apex foramens make necessary an adjunct method for determining the working length, because it alone was not capable of determining the foramen position

Management of Six Root Canals in Mandibular First Molar

Success in root canal treatment is achieved after thorough cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system. This clinical case describes conventional root canal treatment of an unusual mandibular first molar with six root canals. The prognosis for endodontic treatment in teeth with abnormal morphology is unfavorable if the clinician fails to recognize extra root canals

Reflexões para um direito emancipatório

O presente artigo, apoiado na teoria crítica, sugere uma mudança de paradigma do Direito, pois este se apresenta como produto sociocultural de cada momento histórico. Com efeito, o que se verifica, com o surgimento do Estado Moderno, é que sua compreensão é reduzida à mera manifestação do Estado. Utiliza-se, então, da produção científica como forma de gerar dominação e/ou de legitimá-la. Nessa lógica, a interpretação e aplicação do Direito caminham em direção à uniformização dos sentidos, impondo determinadas significações como legítimas. A proposta é a superação desses paradigmas, levando em consideração que o Direito pode ser instrumento de emancipação. Para isso, é preciso entendê-lo na qualidade de instrumento ideológico e técnico do controle social, percebendo que a norma é jurídica, mas também política

Cleaning ability of chlorhexidine gel and sodium hypochlorite associated or not with EDTA as root canal irrigants: a scanning electron microscopy study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cleaning efficacy of 2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel (CHX) compared to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) associated or not with 17% EDTA used as irrigants during the biomechanical preparation. Fifty freshly extracted single-rooted human teeth with complete apex formation were randomly divided into five groups: G1 - sterile saline, G2 - 2.5% NaOCl, G3 - 2% CHX, G4 - 2.5% NaOCl + EDTA and G5 - 2% CHX + EDTA. The specimens of G1 were subdivided into two control groups. The teeth were decoronated and the coronal and middle root thirds were prepared with Gates-Glidden burs, and the apical third was reserved to manual instrumentation. All procedures were performed by a single operator. In all groups, 2 mL of irrigant was delivered between each file change. The teeth were sectioned and prepared for analyses under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM micrographs were graded according to a score scale by two examiners. Data were analyzed statistically by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests at 1% significance level. The best results were obtained in the groups in which the irrigant was used followed by the chelating agent. No statistically significant difference was observed among G4, G5 and the positive control group (

Avaliação das construções danificadas por corridas de detritos e inundações bruscas no Vale do Ribeira (SP) em 2014

O presente estudo quantifica o número deconstruções atingidas por eventos de escoamentos como ascorridas de detritos (debris flow), de lama (mud flow) e asconsequentes inundações rápidas (flash flood) ocorridas nosmunicípios de Itaoca e Apiaí, Vale do Ribeira, em janeiro de2014. O percurso dos eventos de 2014 foi cartografado pormeio da distribuição dos depósitos inconsolidados sobre asáreas construídas. Ferramentas como as imagens históricas doGoogle Earth (agosto de 2014), ortofotos, fotografias domesmo ano e trabalhos de campo possibilitaram a visualizaçãodos eventos e das construções conforme as seguintes etapasmetodológicas: 1) Mapeamento das construções em anosanteriores aos eventos; 2) Mapeamento das corridas einundações rápidas deflagradas em 2014; 3) Sistematização dedados e quantificação das construções atingidas. Ao todo,foram mapeadas 1.221 construções das quais 565 foramdiretamente atingidas pelas corridas ou inundações rápidas.Resultados preliminares destacam que a densidade deconstruções na área de deflagração dos eventos aumenta aquantidade dos elementos atingidos; os impactos, entretanto,são condicionados pela variação dos tipos dos processosperigosos.The present study quantify the number of buildingsaffected by natural flow events such as debris flows, mud flowsand the consequent flash floods which took place at themunicipalities of Itaoca and Apiaí, Vale do Ribeira, in January2014. The pathway of the natural flow and flash flood eventsof 2014 was mapped through the distribution ofunconsolidated deposits over the built areas. Tools such as thehistorical images of Google Earth (from August 2014),orthophotos, photographs of the same year and fieldworkenabled the visualization of events and buildings according tothe following methodological steps: 1) Mapping of buildingsprior of the events; 2) Mapping of flows and flash flood eventsin 2014; 3) Systematization of data and quantification of thehit builds. In all, 1,221 buildings were mapped out of which565 were directly hit by the flows or flash floods. Preliminaryresults show the density of buildings in triggering events areaincrease the quantity of hit risk elements; the impacts over theconstructions are conditioned by the variability of thehazardous processes

Evaluation of Damaged Buildings due to Debris Flow and Flash Floods Processes in the Ribeira Valley (SP) in 2014

The present study quantify the number of buildings affected by natural flow events such as debris flows, mud flows and the consequent flash floods which took place at the municipalities of Itaoca and Apiaí, Vale do Ribeira, in January 2014.&nbsp; The pathway of the natural flow and flash flood events of 2014 was mapped through the distribution of unconsolidated deposits over the built areas. Tools such as the historical images of Google Earth (from August 2014), orthophotos, photographs of the same year and fieldwork enabled the visualization of events and buildings according to the following methodological steps: 1) Mapping of buildings prior of the events; 2) Mapping of flows and flash flood events in 2014; 3) Systematization of data and quantification of the hit builds. In all, 1,221 buildings were mapped out of which 565 were directly hit by the flows or flash floods. Preliminary results show the density of buildings in triggering events area increase the quantity of hit risk elements; the impacts over the constructions are conditioned by the variability of the hazardous processes.O presente estudo quantifica o número de construções atingidas por eventos de escoamentos como as corridas de detritos (debris flow), de lama (mud flow) e as consequentes inundações rápidas (flash flood) ocorridas nos municípios de Itaoca e Apiaí, Vale do Ribeira, em janeiro de 2014. O percurso dos eventos de 2014 foi cartografado por meio da distribuição dos depósitos inconsolidados sobre as áreas construídas. Ferramentas como as imagens históricas do Google Earth (agosto de 2014), ortofotos, fotografias do mesmo ano e trabalhos de campo possibilitaram a visualização dos eventos e das construções conforme as seguintes etapas metodológicas: 1) Mapeamento das construções em anos anteriores aos eventos; 2) Mapeamento das corridas e inundações rápidas deflagradas em 2014; 3) Sistematização de dados e quantificação das construções atingidas. Ao todo, foram mapeadas 1.221 construções das quais 565 foram diretamente atingidas pelas corridas ou inundações rápidas. Resultados preliminares destacam que a densidade de construções na área de deflagração dos eventos aumenta a quantidade dos elementos atingidos; os impactos, entretanto, são condicionados pela variação dos tipos dos processos perigoso