Exploring the effect of time and sex in family and community violence from 2008 to 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the time and the sex of victims and perpetrators on the rates of family and community physical violence in a Brazilian municipality over seven years (2008–2014). METHODS: We made a census analysis from non-fatal victims attended in the Forensic Institute of the Scientific Civil Police. The monthly and annual violence rates were calculated based on the population size of the municipality. Time series was evaluated by negative binomial regression models, based on the number of cases with population offset and considering the effect of the sex of victims and perpetrators. RESULTS: A total of 3,324 cases of family and 4,634 cases of community violence were analyzed. There was a significant increase in family violence rates for female victims and male perpetrators. Family violence rates were always higher for female victims than for male and it was always lower for female perpetrators than for male (p < 0.001). There was a lower risk of community violence for male victims after 2013 and a decrease of aggression perpetrated by men over time. Men and women were similarly affected by community violence; however, the perpetrators were more frequently men. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate a trend of increasing female victims in the family violence, mainly perpetrated by men. The reduction in community violence rates could be the result of policies to reduce crime

Is reduced dentition with and without dental prosthesis associated with oral health-related quality of life? a cross-sectional study

Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) has important implications for the clinical practice of dentistry and dental research and should contribute to professional judgment about restorative treatments and prosthetic replacement in patients who had reduced dentitions. The aim was to compare the OHRQoL among adults (35–44 years) categorized according to different definitions of reduced dentition and considering the use (or non-use) of dental prosthesis. This study used data from a probabilistic sample of adults in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2015. OHRQoL was based on none items of Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index, as prevalence (at least one impact) and extent (the number of items with non-zero score). We used different criteria to assess dentition status: (1) Shortened Dental Arch (SDA): having 3–5 natural occlusal units (OUs) in posterior teeth and intact anterior region; (2) hierarchical functional classification system: a five-level stepwise classification of dentition; and (3) presence of ≥21 teeth. The use or nonuse of dental prosthesis was recorded. Negative binomial regression models involved the adjustment for social determinants of health. Nearly half (53.1%) of the 5753 participating adults had at least one oral health issue impacting OHRQoL. OIDP prevalence in adults with SDA did not differ from those with more OUs (PR = 1.02; 95%CI 0.91–1.13). Individuals with non-functional dentition had worse OHRQoL regardless of their use of a dental prosthesis. Adults with fewer than 21 remaining teeth, ranked significantly higher in OIDP extent, regardless of dental prosthesis use (PR = 1.38; 95%CI 1.16–1.63 with prosthesis; PR = 1.62; 95%CI 1.19–2.20 without dental prosthesis). Individuals with more missing teeth reported worse OHRQoL regardless of using a dental prosthesis. Preserving a functional dentition, even with missing teeth, is compatible with OHRQoL171COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS - FAPEMIG88881.172365/2018–01PPM 00686–16Coordination of Improvement of Higher Education Personnel – CAPES, Brazil (Participation of Raquel Conceicao Ferreira at Visiting Abroad Program – PVEX 88881.172365/2018–01); Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais – FAPEMIG, Brazil (Financial support received by Raquel Conceicao Ferreira in the Researcher Program, PPM 00686–16); National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil (Scholarship received by Fernanda Lamounier Campos) and Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa (Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais). These sponsors had no role in study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing of the report; the decision to submit the article for publicatio

A systematic review of measurement instruments for oral health assessment of older adults in long-term care facilities by nondental professionals

Author's accepted manuscriptBackground: Regular oral health assessment of older adults living in Long-term Care Facilities (LTCF) can improve their oral health. Aims: This study aimed to systematically review studies describing the development of instruments employed by nondental professionals to assess the oral health of older adults in LTCF and to evaluate their measurement properties. Material & Methods: Electronic searches were conducted in the MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and LILACS databases. Measurement properties of the identified instruments were evaluated using the Consensus-based Standards to select health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Studies assessing at least one measurement property (validity, reliability, or responsiveness) of instruments used to assess oral health of older adults living in LTCF by nondental professionals were considered. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of evidence. Results: Fifteen studies reporting measurement properties of seven instruments were selected. The ohr-interRAI and the OHAT were considered to have sufficient content validity, with high and moderate evidence quality, respectively. OHAT, BOHSE, and DHI showed acceptable results on reliability but with very low quality of evidence. DHI and OHSTNP also showed acceptable results for criterion validity, but, with low quality of evidence, insufficient or unclear results were observed for the remaining measurement properties. Studies evaluating the validity criteria of BOHSE and hypotheses testing of ohr-MDS were considered to have high evidence quality. Discussion and Conclusion: The ohr-interRAI can be provisionally recommended for use until further evidence is provided. Further methodologically rigorous studies are needed to assess the measurement properties of the existing instruments.acceptedVersio

Development and Validation of a Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students (SCQ-AS)

Objectives: Social capital has been studied due to its contextual influence on health. However, no specific assessment tool has been developed and validated for the measurement of social capital among 12-year-old adolescent students. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a quick, simple assessment tool to measure social capital among adolescent students. Methods: A questionnaire was developed based on a review of relevant literature. For such, searches were made of the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences, The Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Knowledge, International Database for Medical Literature and PubMed Central bibliographical databases from September 2011 to January 2014 for papers addressing assessment tools for the evaluation of social capital. Focus groups were also formed by adolescent students as well as health, educational and social professionals. The final assessment tool was administered to a convenience sample from two public schools (79 students) and one private school (22 students), comprising a final sample of 101 students. Reliability and internal consistency were evaluated using the Kappa coefficient and Cronbach's alpha coefficient, respectively. Content validity was determined by expert consensus as well as exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The final version of the questionnaire was made up of 12 items. The total scale demonstrated very good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.71). Reproducibility was also very good, as the Kappa coefficient was higher than 0.72 for the majority of items (range: 0.63 to 0.97). Factor analysis grouped the 12 items into four subscales: School Social Cohesion, School Friendships, Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Trust (school and neighborhood). Conclusions: The present findings indicate the validity and reliability of the Social Capital Questionnaire for Adolescent Students

Brazilian Adults Believe that Complete Dentures would be the Solution to the Oral Impacts Caused by Reduced Dentition

Objective: To evaluate the direct and oral impact-mediated association between reduced dentitions and the self-perceived need for complete dentures (CD) in dentate adults. Material and Methods: Data from the Brazilian Oral Health Survey (2010) were analyzed. The outcome was self-perceived need for CD. Functional dentition (FDClassV) was defined by the presence of the following criteria: level I - ≥1 tooth in each arch, level II - 10 teeth in each arch, level III - 12 anterior teeth, level IV - ≥ 3 posterior occluding pairs (POPs) of premolars and level V - ≥1 bilateral POPs of molars. Oral impacts were assessed with Oral Impacts on Daily Performances scale. Results: FDClassV was associated with a less self-perceived need for CD both directly and mediated by oral impacts. Dentitions without level V were associated with the outcome mediated by oral impacts. Between individuals with 10 teeth in each arch, self-perceived need for CD was similar for those who had or not anterior teeth and POPs. Individuals with <10 teeth in each arch and level III did not have a higher frequency of self-perceived need for CD compared to those with level II. Conclusion: Oral impacts mediated the association between reduced dentitions and self-perceived need for CD. Individuals with tooth loss may report need for CD, even when they have dental configurations compatible with functionality

Adesão a protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional de acidentes entre cirurgiões dentistas

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the compliance with occupational post-exposure protocol for accidents and factors associated with compliance among dental surgeons. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in the municipality of Montes Claros, Southeastern Brazil, from 2007 to 2008, with accident reports from needles and sharp instruments among practicing dental surgeons. Variables describing the dentists' characteristics, work conditions, clients, injuries from needles and sharp instruments and post-accident actions were evaluated by means of a previously tested, structured questionnaire. The data underwent descriptive analysis and chi-square testing (pOBJETIVO: Analizar la adhesión a protocolo post exposición ocupacional a accidentes y los factores relacionados a la adhesión entre cirujanos dentistas. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en Montes Claros, Sureste de Brasil, de 2007 a 2008, con cirujanos dentistas en actividad clínica con relato de ocurrencia de accidentes con instrumentos perfurocortantes en el ejercicio profesional. Las variables relacionadas con la caracterización del dentista, condiciones de trabajo de los dentistas, caracterización de la clientela atendida, características de los accidentes con instrumentos perfurocortantes sufridos por los dentistas y conductas post accidentes fueron evaluadas por medio de un cuestionario estructurado, previamente testado. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis descriptivo y a la prueba de chi-cuadrado (pOBJETIVO: Analisar a adesão a protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional a acidentes e os fatores relacionados à adesão entre cirurgiões-dentistas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado em Montes Claros, MG, de 2007 a 2008, com cirurgiões-dentistas em atividade clínica com relato de ocorrência de acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes no seu exercício profissional. As variáveis referentes à caracterização do dentista, condições de trabalho dos dentistas, caracterização da clientela atendida, características dos acidentes com instrumentos perfurocortantes sofridos pelos dentistas e condutas pós-acidentes foram avaliadas por meio de um questionário estruturado, previamente testado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Um total de 241 dentistas (89,2%) respondeu ao questionário. A adesão ao protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional foi relatada por 51,5%. A maioria dos profissionais relatou a detecção de sangue no momento do acidente. As brocas foram os instrumentos mais envolvidos nos acidentes e o dedo a parte do corpo mais acometida. Verificou-se maior prevalência de adesão ao protocolo pós-exposição entre aqueles com maior renda mensal (OR = 2,42, IC 95%: 1,03;5,71), atualização nos últimos dois anos (OR = 2,16, IC 95%: 1,09;4,27) e que realizavam pausa por jornada de quatro horas (OR = 1,23, IC 95%: 1,23;4,92). Os cirurgiões-dentistas que atendiam crianças (OR = 0,50, IC 95%: 0,27;0,93) e indivíduos de classe socioeconômica média, média alta e alta (OR = 0,54, IC 95%: 0,31;0,95) apresentaram menor prevalência de adesão ao protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional. A freqüência de adesão a um protocolo pós-exposição foi significativamente maior entre os indivíduos que seguiam as condutas descritas em protocolos pós-exposição. CONCLUSÕES: Há baixa adesão ao protocolo pós-exposição ocupacional entre os dentistas, influenciada pelo conhecimento e renda mensal dos profissionais, pela realização de pausas, grupo etário e classe socioeconômica da clientela atendida

Association between Dentin Hypersensitivity and Health/Oral Health-related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective:&nbsp;To&nbsp;investigate the association between DH and Health (HRQoL) or Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL).&nbsp;Material and Methods:&nbsp;PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS/BBO, Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), Open Grey, and Google Scholar databases were screened in September 2019 (updated in October 2022). Observational studies were selected to compare HRQoL/OHRQoL(outcome) according to DH(exposure) or evaluate the association among these variables. Standardized Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool for analytical cross-sectional studies was used to analyze the risk of bias. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize evidence for the association between DH and OHRQoL.&nbsp;Results:&nbsp;10 papers met inclusion criteria and were evaluated. In most studies, presenting or having a greater intensity of DH was associated with a negative impact on one\u27s quality of life. However, most of these studies showed a moderate to high risk of methodological bias. The consistent finding from studies with a low risk of bias suggests a significant association between DH and OHRQoL. Meta-analysis was feasible for three studies with substantial heterogeneity. The pooled Odds Ratio was 2.14 (95%CI 1.15-3.99; I2=57,44%).Conclusion: Many studies presented a high risk of bias; therefore, the actual effect of DH on one\u27s quality of life remains uncertain

Epidemiological and Spatial Characteristics of Interpersonal Physical Violence in a Brazilian City: A Comparative Study of Violent Injury Hotspots in Familial Versus Non-Familial Settings, 2012-2014

This study explores both epidemiological and spatial characteristics of domestic and communityinterpersonal violence. We evaluated three years of violent trauma data in themedium-sized city of Campina Grande in North-Eastern Brazil. 3559 medical and police recordswere analysed and 2563 cases were included to identify socioeconomic and geographicpatterns. The associations between sociodemographic, temporal, and incidentcharacteristics and domestic violence were evaluated using logistic regression. Using GeographicalInformation Systems (GIS), we mapped victims’ household addresses to identifyspatial patterns. We observed a higher incidence of domestic violence among female,divorced, or co-habitant persons when the violent event was perpetrated by males. Therewas only a minor chance of occurrence of domestic violence involving firearms. 8 out of 10victims of domestic violence were women and the female/male ratio was 3.3 times greaterthan that of community violence (violence not occurring in the home). Unmarried coupleswere twice as likely to have a victim in the family unit (OR = 2.03), compared to married couples.Seven geographical hotspots were identified. The greatest density of hotspots wasfound in the East side of the study area and was spatially coincident with the lowest averagefamily income. Aggressor sex, marital status, and mechanism of injury were most associatedwith domestic violence, and low-income neighbourhoods were coincident with bothdomestic and non-domestic violence hotspots. These results provide further evidence thateconomic poverty may play a significant role in interpersonal, and particularly domesticviolence

Inorganic Hg toxicity in plants: a comparison of different genotoxic parameters

Inorganic Mercury (Hg) contamination persists an environmental problem, but its cyto- and genotoxicity in plants remains yet unquantified. To determine the extent of Hg-induced cyto- and genotoxicity, and assess most sensitive endpoints in plants, Pisum sativum L. seedlings were exposed for 14 days to different HgCl2 concentrations up to 100 μM. Shoots and roots from hydroponic exposure presented growth impairment and/or morphological disorders for doses >1 μM, being the roots more sensitive. Plant growth, ploidy changes, clastogenicity (HPCV), cell cycle dynamics (G1-S-G2), Comet-tail moment (TM), Comet-TD, Mitotic-index (MI) and cell proliferation index (CPI) were used to evaluate Hg-induced cyto/genotoxicity. Both leaf and root DNA-ploidy levels, assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), remained unaltered after exposure. Root cell cycle impairment occurred at lower doses (≥1 μM) than structural DNA damages (≥10 μM). Cytostatic effects depended on the Hg concentration, with delays during S-phase at lower doses, and arrests at G1 at higher ones. This arrest was paralleled with decreases of both mitotic index (MI) and cell proliferation index (CPI). DNA fragmentation, assessed by the Comet assay parameters of TD and TM, could be visualized for conditions ≥10 μM, while FCM-clastogenic parameter (FPCV) and micronuclei (MNC) were only altered in roots exposed to 100 μM. We demonstrate that inorganic-Hg induced cytostaticity is detectable even at 1 μM (a value found in contaminated sites), while structural DNA breaks/damage are only visualized in plants at concentrations ≥10 μM. We also demonstrate that among the different techniques tested for cyto- and genotoxicity, TD and TM Comet endpoints were more sensitive than FPCV or MNC. Regarding cytostatic effects, cell cycle analysis by FCM, including the difference in % cell cycle phases and CPI were more sensitive than MI or MNC frequency. Our data contribute to better understand Hg cyto- and genotoxicity in plants and to understand the information and sensitivity provided by each of the genotoxic techniques used.publishe