History and prospects of pathology in medicine

Embora seja excessivamente pretensioso apresentar o histórico avanço da Patologia e prever todos os seus desdobramentos em um único artigo, tentaremos apresentar os pontos chave do desenvolvimento da área e, particularmente, seus efeitos no Departamento de Patologia da Faculdade de Medicina da USP. As aqui chamadas “eras” agrupam fases importantes do desenvolvimento da patologia, suas ferramentas e teorias de desenvolvimento das doenças, além de sua relação com a história da medicina como um todo. Concluímos com algumas perspectivas interessantes em termos de patologia digital e molecular, bem como de integração interdisciplinar.To address the historical advance of Pathology and predict all its future development in a single article would be very pretentious, if not impossible. In the present article, we will present the key development points in the field of Pathology through the centuries, and particularly the reflex of such development at the Department of Pathology of University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine. Each of the later cited “ages” include pivotal stages of development of Pathology, new tools and Disease Development Theories in each period of time, as well as its relationship to the general history of medicine. We conclude pointing some interesting perspectives on molecular and digital pathology as well as on interdisciplinary integration

Fatores que influenciam as atitudes dos indivíduos em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável: um estudo com discentes da área de negócios

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the attitudes of individuals towards sustainable development, in its different dimensions.Design/methodology/approach: For the scope of the study, were admitted students from presential courses in Administration and Accounting Sciences from two Higher Education Institutions (HEI) located in the State of Bahia. Questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument. For the test of hypothesis, a multiple linear regression analysis was made, with a data base of 254 questionnaires.Findings: There was evidence that the knowledge about sustainability influences, in a positive and significant way, the student attitude in Dimensions Environmental, Economic, Social and Education. Results indicate that students with left-wing political conceptions have a tendency of showing more positive attitudes regarding sustainable development in Social and Education Dimensions. Finally, evidence was obtained about negative and significant relation between family income with Environmental and Economic Dimensions.Research Implications: Conceptually, in this study a fourth dimension of attitudes regarding sustainability was incorporated to the traditional tripod of sustainability, thus transforming it in a tetrahedron.Practical Implications: The meaning and importance of those evidences are discussed and can contribute to generate policies on education for sustainability.Originality/value: The study contributes to enable a better understanding about the formative process, the conscience, the attitude and the behaviors around sustainability questions in the field of management, which are relevant for reaching one of the Sustainable Development Goals proposed by the United Nations.Objetivo: Este estudo teve o propósito de identificar fatores que influenciam as atitudes de indivíduos em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, em suas diferentes dimensões.Design/Metodologia/Abordagem: Para o escopo do estudo, admitiram-se discentes de cursos presenciais em Administração e Ciências Contábeis de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior localizadas no Estado da Bahia. Empregou-se o questionário como instrumento de coleta de dados. Para o teste de hipóteses, realizou-se análise de regressão linear múltipla com uma base de dados de 254 questionários.Resultados: Houve evidências de que o conhecimento sobre sustentabilidade influência de forma positiva e significante a atitude discente nas Dimensões Ambientais, Econômicas, Sociais e de Educação. Os resultados apontaram que discentes com concepções políticas de esquerda tendem a apresentar atitudes mais positivas em prol do desenvolvimento sustentável, nas Dimensões Ambientais e Sociais, e que o gênero feminino apresenta atitudes mais positivas nas Dimensões Sociais e de Educação. E, por fim, obtiveram-se indícios de relação negativa e significante da renda familiar com as Dimensões Ambientais e Econômicas.Implicações da Pesquisa: Conceitualmente, neste estudo, uma quarta dimensão de atitudes em relação à sustentabilidade foi incorporada ao tradicional tripé da sustentabilidade, transformando-o em um tetraedro.Implicações Práticas: O significado e a importância dessas evidências são discutidos e podem contribuir para a geração de políticas de educação para a sustentabilidade.Originalidade/valor: O estudo contribui para possibilitar uma melhor compreensão sobre o processo formativo, a consciência, a atitude e os comportamentos em torno das questões de sustentabilidade no campo da gestão, que são relevantes para alcançar um dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável propostos pelas Nações Unidas

Biobanco de acidente cerebrovascular de Joinville: protocolo de estudos e resultados dos primeiros anos

CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOAiming to contribute to studies that use detailed clinical and genomic information of biobanks, we present the initial results of the first Latin American Stroke Biobank. Blood samples were collected from patients included in the Joinville Stroke Registr7512881889CAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO183768402396-2013/0

Association between Metabolic Disorders and Cholangiocarcinoma: Impact of a Postulated Risk Factor with Rising Incidence

Introduction and objectives: The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has been increasing globally. Although a concomitant increase in the incidence of metabolic disorders might suggest a causal relationship, the data are scarce. We aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolic disorders in patients with CCA and report the clinical features and outcomes. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study including patients with CCA. Patients were divided into: (1) past history of diabetes or/and overweight/obesity (“metabolic disorder group”) and (2) without any of these features (“non-metabolic-disorder group”). A Cox regression model was used to determine the prognostic factors. Results: 122 patients were included. In total, 36 (29.5%) had overweight/obesity, 24 (19.7%) had diabetes, and 8 (6.6%) had both. A total of 29 (23.8%) patients had resectable disease and received upfront surgery. A total of 104 (85.2%) received chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent disease. The overall survival of the cohort was 14.3 months (95% CI: 10.1–17.3). ECOG-PS 0 (p < 0.0001), resectable disease (p = 0.018) and absence of vascular invasion (p = 0.048) were independently associated with better prognosis. The “metabolic disorder group” (n = 52) had a median survival of 15.5 months (95% CI 10.9–33.9) vs. 11.5 months (95% CI 8.4–16.5) in the “non-metabolic-disorder group” (n = 70) (HR: 1.10; 95% CI 0.62–1.94). Patients with resectable disease in the “metabolic group” had longer survival than patients in the “non-metabolic group” (43.4 months (95% CI 33.9-NR) vs. 21.8 months (95% CI 8.6–26.9); HR = 0.12, 95% CI 0.03–0.59). Conclusion: Metabolic disorders are frequent among CCA patients. Underlying metabolic comorbidities may be associated with prognosis in resectable CCA. There is a need to explore the mechanism that drives CCA carcinogenesis in a metabolic background

Marx e Engels: a trajetória do inconveniente pessoal à teorização das ciências sociais / Marx and Engels: the trajectory of personal incovenient to the theory of social sciences

Pretende-se com o presente artigo apresentar características da vida e obra de duas importantes figuras históricas: Marx e Engels. Logo depois destacar, de forma resumida, aspectos das perspectivas marxistas por meio de um olhar minucioso. Em seguida refletir sobre os pensamentos marxistas que buscam os princípios de uma prática política voltada para a revolução que assolaria a sociedade capitalista para estabelecer o socialismo e a sociedade sem classes. Por fim, esclarece o conceito de mais valia e a aplicabilidade dele em uma sociedade dividida em classes. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de base qualitativa, considerando as contribuições de teóricos cujas obras são pertinentes ao foco deste estudo. Sendo assim, ao longo do trabalho realizou-se análise das teorias políticas, sociais e econômicas dos dois sociólogos. Percebeu-se que os presentes escritores almejavam uma mudança do cenário social em que viviam, para isso esboçaram convicções em importantes obras, como o Manifesto do Partido Comunista (1848) e O Capital (1867) que se reproduzem como respeitáveis críticas ao sistema capitalista. Há ainda uma observação da relação existente entre Marx e Engels, os motivos que fizeram despertar o interesse pelas causas sociais e à idealização de um novo sistema político, o comunismo

Marx e Engels: a trajetória do inconveniente pessoal à teorização das ciências sociais / Marx and Engels: the trajectory of personal incovenient to the theory of social sciences

Pretende-se com o presente artigo apresentar características da vida e obra de duas importantes figuras históricas: Marx e Engels. Logo depois destacar, de forma resumida, aspectos das perspectivas marxistas por meio de um olhar minucioso. Em seguida refletir sobre os pensamentos marxistas que buscam os princípios de uma prática política voltada para a revolução que assolaria a sociedade capitalista para estabelecer o socialismo e a sociedade sem classes. Por fim, esclarece o conceito de mais valia e a aplicabilidade dele em uma sociedade dividida em classes. Para isso, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica de base qualitativa, considerando as contribuições de teóricos cujas obras são pertinentes ao foco deste estudo. Sendo assim, ao longo do trabalho realizou-se análise das teorias políticas, sociais e econômicas dos dois sociólogos. Percebeu-se que os presentes escritores almejavam uma mudança do cenário social em que viviam, para isso esboçaram convicções em importantes obras, como o Manifesto do Partido Comunista (1848) e O Capital (1867) que se reproduzem como respeitáveis críticas ao sistema capitalista. Há ainda uma observação da relação existente entre Marx e Engels, os motivos que fizeram despertar o interesse pelas causas sociais e à idealização de um novo sistema político, o comunismo

Copaifera langsdorffii Novel Putative Long Non-Coding RNAs: Interspecies Conservation Analysis in Adaptive Response to Different Biomes

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in multiple regulatory pathways and its versatile form of action has disclosed a new layer in gene regulation. LncRNAs have their expression levels modulated during plant development, and in response to stresses with tissue-specific functions. In this study, we analyzed lncRNA from leaf samples collected from the legume Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (copa&iacute;ba) present in two divergent ecosystems: Cerrado (CER; Ecological Station of Botanical Garden in Bras&iacute;lia, Brazil) and Atlantic Rain Forest (ARF; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). We identified 8020 novel lncRNAs, and they were compared to seven Fabaceae genomes and transcriptomes, to which 1747 and 2194 copa&iacute;ba lncRNAs were mapped, respectively, to at least one species. The secondary structures of the lncRNAs that were conserved and differentially expressed between the populations were predicted using in silico methods. A few selected lncRNA were confirmed by RT-qPCR in the samples from both biomes; Additionally, the analysis of the lncRNA sequences predicted that some might act as microRNA (miRNA) targets or decoys. The emerging studies involving lncRNAs function and conservation have shown their involvement in several types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the conservation of lncRNAs among Fabaceae species considering their rapid turnover, suggests they are likely to have been under functional conservation pressure. Our results indicate the potential involvement of lncRNAs in the adaptation of C. langsdorffii in two different biomes

Joinville stroke biobank: study protocol and first year’s results

ABSTRACT Aiming to contribute to studies that use detailed clinical and genomic information of biobanks, we present the initial results of the first Latin American Stroke Biobank. Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients included in the Joinville Stroke Registry and four Brazilian cities. Demographic socio-economic data, cardiovascular risk factors, Causative Classification System for Ischemic Stroke, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and National Institutes of Health scores, functional stroke status (modified Rankin) and brain images were recorded. Additionally, controls from both geographic regions were recruited. High-molecular-weight genomic DNA was obtained from all participants. Results: A total of 2,688 patients and 3,282 controls were included. Among the patients, 76% had ischemic stroke, 12% transient ischemic attacks, 9% hemorrhagic stroke and 3% subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with undetermined ischemic stroke were most common according the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (40%) and Causative Classification System for Ischemic Stroke (47%) criteria. A quarter of the patients were under 55 years of age at the first-ever episode. Conclusions: We established the Joinville Stroke Biobank and discuss its potential for contributing to the understanding of the risk factors leading to stroke

Joinville stroke biobank: study protocol and first year’s results

<div><p>ABSTRACT Aiming to contribute to studies that use detailed clinical and genomic information of biobanks, we present the initial results of the first Latin American Stroke Biobank. Methods: Blood samples were collected from patients included in the Joinville Stroke Registry and four Brazilian cities. Demographic socio-economic data, cardiovascular risk factors, Causative Classification System for Ischemic Stroke, Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment and National Institutes of Health scores, functional stroke status (modified Rankin) and brain images were recorded. Additionally, controls from both geographic regions were recruited. High-molecular-weight genomic DNA was obtained from all participants. Results: A total of 2,688 patients and 3,282 controls were included. Among the patients, 76% had ischemic stroke, 12% transient ischemic attacks, 9% hemorrhagic stroke and 3% subarachnoid hemorrhage. Patients with undetermined ischemic stroke were most common according the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (40%) and Causative Classification System for Ischemic Stroke (47%) criteria. A quarter of the patients were under 55 years of age at the first-ever episode. Conclusions: We established the Joinville Stroke Biobank and discuss its potential for contributing to the understanding of the risk factors leading to stroke.</p></div