A ingestão de bebidas energéticas antes do exercício afeta a dinâmica não linear da recuperação da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca? Um ensaio randomizado, crossover, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery.Introducción y Objetivo: Se sabe que las bebidas energéticas (DE) influyen en el comportamiento de los componentes simpático y parasimpático del sistema nervioso autónomo. Pretendemos estudiar la influencia de la DE en la variabilidad no lineal de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) después del ejercicio. Material y métodos: este ensayo clínico aleatorizado, cruzado, doble ciego, controlado con placebo (número de protocolo NCT02917889) se completó en una muestra de 28 hombres sanos de 24,11 ± 3,05 años (mín-máx 18-29). El primer paso involucró la evaluación del consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2 max). En el segundo protocolo, los sujetos recibieron placebo (250 ml de agua) o ED (250 ml de bebida energética) 15 minutos antes de los 30 minutos de ejercicio en cinta rodante. En el tercer protocolo, los participantes recibieron el protocolo alternativo al paso anterior. La HRV no lineal se calculó en diferentes momentos durante los protocolos. Resultados: El análisis fractal vía Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) reveló que en el protocolo placebo hubo un incremento en sus valores en relación a la recuperación (Rec1) vs. En reposo (d de Cohen= 1,42) y siguió aumentando en los últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) y vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). En el protocolo ED, el aumento de DFA solo se demostró al comparar Rec1 vs. Reposo (d de Cohen=1,78). Conclusión: la ingesta de DE antes del ejercicio aeróbico moderado desencadenó una ligera aceleración de la recuperación.Introduzione e obiettivo: è noto che le bevande energetiche (DE) influenzano il comportamento delle componenti simpatiche e parasimpatiche del sistema nervoso autonomo. Intendiamo studiare l'influenza dell'ED sulla variabilità non lineare della frequenza cardiaca (HRV) dopo l'esercizio. Materiale e metodi: questo studio clinico randomizzato, incrociato, in doppio cieco, controllato con placebo (numero di protocollo NCT02917889) è stato completato su un campione di 28 uomini sani di età compresa tra 24,11 ± 3,05 anni (min-max 18-29). Il primo passo ha comportato la valutazione del consumo massimo di ossigeno (VO2 max). Nel secondo protocollo, i soggetti hanno ricevuto placebo (250 ml di acqua) o ED (250 ml di bevanda energetica) 15 minuti prima dell'esercizio di 30 minuti sul tapis roulant. Nel terzo protocollo, i partecipanti hanno ricevuto il protocollo alternativo al passaggio precedente. L'HRV non lineare è stato calcolato in momenti diversi durante i protocolli. Risultati: L'analisi frattale tramite Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) ha rivelato che nel protocollo placebo c'era un aumento dei suoi valori in relazione al recupero (Rec1) vs. A riposo (d di Cohen= 1.42) e ha continuato ad aumentare negli ultimi intervalli di registrazione: vs. Rec6 (d di Cohen = 0.70) e vs. Rec7 (d di Cohen = 0,85). Nel protocollo ED, l'aumento di DFA è stato dimostrato solo confrontando Rec1 vs. Riposo (Cohen d=1.78). Conclusione: l'ingestione di DE prima di un moderato esercizio aerobico ha innescato una leggera accelerazione del recupero.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação.Introdução e Objetivo: As bebidas energéticas (DE) são reconhecidas por influenciar o comportamento dos componentes simpáticos e parassimpáticos do sistema nervoso autônomo. Pretendemos estudar a influência da DE na variabilidade não linear da frequência cardíaca (VFC) após o exercício. Material e Métodos: Este ensaio clínico randomizado, cruzado, duplo-cego, controlado por placebo (número do protocolo NCT02917889) foi concluído em uma amostra de 28 homens saudáveis com idade de 24,11 ± 3,05 anos (min-max 18-29). A primeira etapa envolveu a avaliação do consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2 máx). No segundo protocolo, os sujeitos receberam placebo (250ml de água) ou ED (250ml de energético) 15 minutos antes do exercício de 30 minutos em esteira. No terceiro protocolo, os participantes receberam o protocolo alternativo à etapa anterior. A VFC não linear foi calculada em momentos diferentes durante os protocolos. Resultados: A análise fractal via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revelou que no protocolo placebo houve um aumento em seus valores em relação à recuperação (Rec1) vs. Repouso (Cohen's d= 1,42) e continuou aumentando nos últimos intervalos de registro: vs. Rec6 (d de Cohen = 0,70) e vs. Rec7 (d de Cohen = 0,85). No protocolo ED, o aumento do DFA só foi demonstrado ao comparar Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1,78). Conclusão: A ingestão de DE antes do exercício aeróbico moderado desencadeou uma ligeira aceleração da recuperação

A simple RP-HPLC method for the determination of clotrimazole from acrylic nanocapsule suspensions

A simple and fast HPLC method has been validated for the determination of clotrimazole in nanocapsule suspensions prepared from an acrylic polymer, Eudragit RS100®. Chromatographic runs were performed on a RP C18 column with a mobile phase comprising methanol and water (90:10, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 229 nm. The method was shown to be specific, linear (r = 0.9987), precise and accurate in a concentration range of 2.0-10.0 μg/mL. The proposed method can be successfully used to quantify clotrimazole content in acrylic nanocapsule formulations, as well as to estimate drug encapsulation efficiency.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

HIV knowledge and its correlation with the Undetectable = Untransmittable slogan in Brazil

Knowledge about HIV transmission and prevention is a necessary step for adopting preventive behaviors. We assessed HIV knowledge and its correlation with the perceived accuracy of the “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (U=U) slogan in an online sample with 401 adult Brazilians. Overall, 28% of participants showed high HIV knowledge level. The perceived accuracy of the U=U slogan significantly correlated with HIV knowledge. Younger participants, those reporting lower income or lower education, or who had never tested for HIV showed poorer HIV knowledge. Filling gaps of knowledge among specific populations is urgent in order to increase preventive behaviors and decrease HIV stigma

Crotoxin from Crotalus durissus terrificus venom: In vitro cytotoxic activity of a heterodimeric phospholipase A2 on human cancer-derived cell lines

Accepted manuscriptCrotoxin (CTX), a heterodimeric phospholipase present in venom of snakes of the genus Crotalus, has demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, such as antimicrobial, hemostatic, and antitumoral. However, the precise mechanism of its cytotoxicity and antitumoral properties remains to be determined. Therefore, in the present study, we isolated crotoxin (F1 CTX) through two steps DEAE-Sepharose and Heparin-Sepharose FF chromatography. The C-terminal sequence of the A- and B-chain protein fragment was determined by LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry, which showed 100% identity to crotoxin structure. In order to investigate its cytotoxic effects, we demonstrated that the F1 CTX fraction at 0-30 μg/mL concentrations for 72 h presented a heterogeneous response profile on nine human cancer-derived cell lines from four tumor types (pancreatic, esophagus, cervical cancer, and glioma). The glioma (GAMG and HCB151) and pancreatic (PSN-1 and PANC-1) cancer cells showed a higher sensitivity with IC50 of <0.5, 4.1, 0.7 and < 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Conversely, F1 CTX does not reduce the viability of normal cells. On the other hand, cervical (SiHa) and esophagus (KYSE270) cancer cell lines presented higher resistance, with IC50 higher than 30.2 and 8.7 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, F1 CTX did not affect cell cycle distribution under the conditions evaluated and seems to be more cytotoxic than cytostatic. The pro-apoptotic effect of F1 CTX treatment was demonstrated in glioma (HCB151) cell line. In addition, crotoxin revealed a potential to initiate cell responses such as DNA damage in glioma (HCB151) and pancreatic cancer by H2AX activity induction. Conversely, F1 CTX does not reduce the viability of normal cells. Importantly, the comparison of F1 CTX effect with standard chemotherapeutic agents demonstrated a greater cytotoxic potential in the majority of tumor types (glioma, pancreatic, and cervical cancer). On the other hand, F1 CTX was less cytotoxic in esophageal cell lines compared to the gemcitabine agent used in clinical practice. Therefore, this work showed that F1 CTX has a cytotoxic activity and pro-apoptotic potential, contributing to the knowledge about the F1 crotoxin properties as well as its possible use in cancer research, particularly in glioma and pancreatic cancer cell lines.FAPESP, the Hermínio Ometto University Center, the Hospital de Cancer de Barretos and FINEP (MCTI/FINEP/MS/SCTIE/DECIT-01/2013 - FPXII-BIOPLAT). We acknowledge the Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of the Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, CNPEM, Campinas, Brazil, for providing support on mass spectrometry analysisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of sugarcane pre‐harvest fire on hantavirus prevalence in Neotropical small mammals

The use of pre-harvest fire in sugarcane fields surprisingly results in an increase in the abundance of Neotropical Sigmodontinae rodents, which might carry hantavirus. By contrast, fire suspension induces a decline in rodents in the first 5 years. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of sugarcane harvest regimes on hantavirus prevalence in wild rodents. Field collections were carried out on a sugarcane production area in Northeast S˜ao Paulo, which is responsible for 30% of the ethanol production in Brazil. A few years after pre-harvest fire suspension, a high prevalence of hantavirus was found in small rodents at lower population density, but apparently higher population growth rate. Differences in life cycle between the rodents and their predators may explain such density patterns, as small rodents can breed twice or even three times each year, whereas their predators usually breed only once a year. Similarly, the temporal dynamics of the predator–prey relationship suggests that hantavirus prevalence is related to small rodent’s population growth and not density. Only Akodon montensis, Calomys tener, and Necromys lasiurus contained immunoglobulin G antibodiesagainst the recombinant nucleoprotein of Araraquara orthohantavirus, a genotype of Andes orthohantavirus, with no interspecific variation in seroprevalence among these species. However, males presented higher prevalence rate than females, possibly due to a male-biased dispersal pattern and a higher frequency of antagonistic interactions. Governance measures to mitigate the role of small wild rodents on the emergence of hantavirus in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane plantations should include the use of wildlife-friendly management techniques (e.g., to mitigate the mortality of the predators of small rodents), human capacity building concerning wildlife-related conflicts, and multifunctionality of agricultural landscapes. Future studies should prioritize the possible relationship between microhabitat structure and hantavirus prevalence in small rodents in agricultural landscapes dominated by sugarcane fields.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Remoção cirúrgica de terceiro molar inferior e suas possíveis complicações: revisão de literatura / Surgical removal of lower third molar and its possible complications: literature review

A remoção do terceiro molar tem se tornado um procedimento recorrente nos consultórios odontológicos, devido a impactação e futuras patologias que podem ocorrer em razão a sua presença na cavidade bucal. A erupção normalmente acontece no início da fase adulta do indivíduo podendo ser sintomático ou assintomático. Os exames intra-orais e extra-orais, anamnese com histórico da doença atual e histórico médico, conhecimentos sobre as técnicas anestésicas, instrumentais e a classificações de Winter e de Pell &amp; Gregory de acordo com as imagens radiográficas são importante para obter um diagnostico favorável, normalmente a panorâmica tem sido o exame de imagem mais utilizada por apresentar com clareza a anatomia do terceiro molar em relação com as estruturas adjacentes, outro exame radiográfico satisfatório é afeiçoado a tomografia computadorizada usado em casos mais complexos, quando necessita de observações que apresenta mais atenção. Pois remoção cirúrgica do terceiro molar pode resultar em acidentes e complicações durante e após a cirurgia. Ocasionando assim, desconforto para o paciente e para o cirurgião-dentista. A idade do paciente e doença sistêmica podem se tornar um fator que ocorra acidentes e complicações, mesmo que seja mínima. pesquisa intitulada: Remoção de terceiro molar inferior e suas possíveis complicações, teve como objetivo geral realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a remoção do terceiro molar onde foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico de artigos nas bases de dados Google Acadêmico, Revistas odontológicas, Pubmed e Scielo. A pesquisa foi essencial para compreender que a remoção tem sido a melhor forma de tratamento para evitar acidentes e complicações indesejáveis.

A simplified curcumin targets the membrane of Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Curcumin is the main constituent of turmeric, a seasoning popularized around the world with Indian cuisine. Among the benefits attributed to curcumin are anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, antitumoral, and chemopreventive effects. Besides, curcumin inhibits the growth of the gram‐positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The anti‐B. subtilis action happens by interference with the division protein FtsZ, an ancestral tubulin widespread in Bacteria. FtsZ forms protofilaments in a GTP‐dependent manner, with the concomitant recruitment of essential factors to operate cell division. By stimulating the GTPase activity of FtsZ, curcumin destabilizes its function. Recently, curcumin was shown to promote membrane permeabilization in B. subtilis. Here, we used molecular simplification to dissect the functionalities of curcumin. A simplified form, in which a monocarbonyl group substituted the β‐diketone moiety, showed antibacterial action against gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria of clinical interest. The simplified curcumin also disrupted the divisional septum of B. subtilis; however, subsequent biochemical analysis did not support a direct action on FtsZ. Our results suggest that the simplified curcumin exerted its function mainly through membrane permeabilization, with disruption of the membrane potential necessary for FtsZ intra‐cellular localization. Finally, we show here experimental evidence for the requirement of the β‐diketone group of curcumin for its interaction with FtsZ

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? : a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery

Does energy drink intake before exercise affect nonlinear dynamics of heart rate variability recovery? a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial

Introduction and Objectives: Energy drinks (ED) are recognized to influence the behavior of the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of the autonomic nervous system. We intended to study the influence of ED on non-linear heart rate variability (HRV) following exercise. Material and Methods: This randomized, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Protocol number NCT02917889) was completed in a sample of 28 healthy males aged 24.11 ± 3.05 years (min-max 18-29). The first step involved the assessment of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). In the second protocol, the subjects received a placebo (250ml of water) or ED (250ml of energy drink) 15 minutes before the 30-minute exercise on a treadmill. In the third protocol, participants received the alternative protocol to the previous step. The nonlinear HRV were calculated at different times during the protocols. Results: Fractal analysis via Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA) revealed that in the placebo protocol there was an increase in its values compared to recovery (Rec1) vs. Rest (Cohen's d= 1.42) and continued increasing in the last recording intervals: vs. Rec6 (Cohen's d= 0.70) and vs. Rec7 (Cohen's d= 0.85). In the ED protocol, the increase in DFA was only demonstrated when comparing Rec1 vs. Rest (Cohen’s d=1.78). Conclusion: ED intake prior to modest aerobic exercise triggered a slight acceleration of recovery