Revisão bibliográfica: o ruído urbano como um poluente ambiental

Purpose: Analyze studies on noise as environmental pollution in urban centers, focusing on their sources and sound levels in attempt at understand whether current urban model is suitable for individual and collective health. Material and Methods: The BVS, PubMed and Cochrane were used to search original research articles related to the environmental noise. Results: This review article analyses 19 studies related to noise as an environmental pollutant. Conclusion: many studies have been conducted to quantify the urban noise and potential disturbance caused in the population, using different methodologies. Our work demonstrates that the noise is present in the urban environment and commonly extrapolates current levels tolerated by the law, being a potential stressor. Therefore, their presence in various human activities, especially in traffic, reflects a model of the current city that needs to be rethought. The results of this study may be useful for the development of new research on the urban noise and public policy development.Objetivo: Analisar os estudos sobre o ruído como poluição ambiental nos centros urbanos, com foco em suas fontes e os níveis sonoros na tentativa de entender se modelo urbano atual é adequado para a saúde individual e coletiva. Material e Métodos: BVS, Pubmed e Cochrane foram usados para pesquisar artigos originais de pesquisa relacionados com o ruído ambiente. Resultados: Este artigo de revisão analisa 19 estudos relacionados ao ruído como um poluente ambiental. Conclusão: Muitos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para quantificar o ruído urbano e seu potencial de perturbação causada na população, utilizando-se diferentes metodologias. Nosso trabalho demonstra que o ruído está presente no ambiente urbano e geralmente extrapola os atuais níveis tolerados pela lei, sendo um estressor em potencial. Portanto, a sua presença em várias atividades humanas, especialmente no trânsito, reflete um modelo de cidade atual que precisa ser repensado.Os resultados deste estudo podem ser úteis para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas sobre o ruído urbano e desenvolvimento de políticas públicas

Borderline personality disorder and bias in the recognition of facial expressions of emotion: a pathway to understand the psychopathology

Background The identification of facial emotions is a key skill as it promotes rapid and accurate recognition of emotions and enables better communication and greater social adaptation. More recent studies have suggested that impaired social interactions may be related to deficits in social cognition and therefore in the recognition of facial expressions, contributing to social disturbance among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Objective To present the results of an empirical study assessing the recognition of facial emotion expressions in women with BPD, having as reference a group of healthy women from the general population. Methods The subjects (40 female with BPD and 40 controls) were assessed with a dynamic task on a computer screen for recognition of facial expressions of emotion. Results The BPD group had a lower accuracy in perceiving emotions of fear and surprise and slowness in recognising happiness. Logistic regression analyses also identified an association between BPD and higher sensitivity in the recognition of anger. Discussion Women with BPD made more mistakes in the recognition of negative emotions, which can bias the behaviour and regulation of affective states, favouring in turn the emergence of some typical symptoms associated with BPD

a mixed-method analysis

Background: Among the processes to be experienced by any organization during its establishment is the formation of an organizational identity. This process can be understood as the activity and event through which an organization becomes unique in the mind of its members. An organizational identity leads to an identification and both are directly associated with the success of an institution. This study is about a public higher education institution in health in its early years, with distinctive characteristics in the country where it is situated. In spite of having been successful in the graduation of its students it has fragile institutional bases, lack of autonomy and internal problems common to other institutions of this type. Thus, this study was conducted to understand how this institution defined itself among its own members, the elements of its identity and what justified its relative success despite its weaknesses. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used to evaluate how a representative portion of this organization identifies with it. For the qualitative study two focus groups were conducted with transcripts submitted to content analysis proposed by Bardin, culminating in results from which a Likert scale-based questionnaire was elaborated and applied to 297 subjects. Results: There were six central elements of the organizational identity made evident by the focus groups: political / ideological conflict; active teaching and learning methodologies; location / separation of campuses; time of existence; teaching career; political-administrative transformations. The quantitative analysis revealed in more detail the general impressions raised in the focus groups. Most results were able to demonstrate distinct identifications of the same identity with its exposed weaknesses. Conclusions: Lack of autonomy, administrative and structural shortcomings and ideological or political conflicts presented themselves as problems capable of destabilizing the identity of a public higher education institution. On the other hand, one way to combat such problems is through the development of the institution itself, particularly by becoming more active and useful to the community and seeking in a common interest to the higher administration agencies.publishersversionpublishe

RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN TO RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND SUPPLEMENTAL MINERAL NITROGEN IN TWO BRAZILIAN BIOMES

Fernandes de Brito L, Pacheco RS, de Souza Filho BF, de Brito Ferreira EP, Straliotto R, Araujo AP. RESPONSE OF COMMON BEAN TO RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION AND SUPPLEMENTAL MINERAL NITROGEN IN TWO BRAZILIAN BIOMES. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. 2015;39(4):981-992.Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) may benefit from biological N-2 fixation, but inconsistent responses of the crop to rhizobium inoculation indicate the need for supplemental mineral N fertilization. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the response of the common bean crop to rhizobium inoculation in association with supplemental mineral N in the Cerrado (Brazilian tropical savanna) and Atlantic Forest biomes. Four field experiments were carried out, two in Santo Antonio de Goias (State of Goias), one in Valenca (State of Rio de Janeiro), and another in Macae (State of Rio de Janeiro), all in Brazil. Inoculation with commercial rhizobium strains was compared to inoculation with strain BR 923 of Sinorhizobium sp., to mineral N fertilization, and to supplementation with N at sowing and in topdressing. Evaluation of the native rhizobium population indicated 105 cells g(-1) in the soil of the experimental area in Goias, previously cultivated with common bean, and 102 cells g(-1) in the soil in Valenca, previously kept in pasture. In both experiments in Goias, grain yields of around 2,100 kg ha(-1) did not differ among the control treatments, rhizobia inoculation, or the application of 120 kg ha(-1) of N. In Valenca, inoculation with commercial strains provided yields from the cultivar Ouro Negro higher than the absolute control, in the lack of topdressing N fertilization. With 40 kg ha(-1) of N in topdressing, rhizobium inoculation led to 3,420 kg ha(-1) of grain yield, higher than the other treatments. In the mean of different N sources at sowing, topdressing fertilization increased grain yield from 2,367 to 2,542 kg ha(-1). In Macae, in a soil with high organic matter content, the highest yields were obtained with inoculation of commercial strains associated with 40 kg ha(-1) of N in topdressing, and there were deleterious effects from application of 80 kg ha(-1) of N at sowing. We conclude that in areas without a previous common bean crop, inoculation with commercial rhizobium strains increases grain yield, particularly when associated with topdressing N fertilization

Phospholipase-D activity and inflammatory response induced by brown spider dermonecrotic toxin: Endothelial cell membrane phospholipids as targets for toxicity

Brown spider dermonecrotic toxins (phospholipases-D) are the most well-characterized biochemical constituents of Loxosceles spp. venom. Recombinant forms are capable of reproducing most cutaneous and systemic manifestations such as dermonecrotic lesions, hematological disorders, and renal failure. There is currently no direct confirmation for a relationship between dermonecrosis and inflammation induced by dermonecrotic toxins and their enzymatic activity. We modified a toxin isoform by site-directed mutagenesis to determine if phospholipase-D activity is directly related to these biological effects. the mutated toxin contains an alanine substitution for a histidine residue at position 12 (in the conserved catalytic domain of Loxosceles intermedia Recombinant Dermonecrotic Toxin - LiRecDT1). LiRecDT1H12A sphingomyelinase activity was drastically reduced, despite the fact that circular dichroism analysis demonstrated similar spectra for both toxin isoforms, confirming that the mutation did not change general secondary structures of the molecule or its stability. Antisera against whole venom and LiRecDT1 showed cross-reactivity to both recombinant toxins by ELISA and immunoblotting. Dermonecrosis was abolished by the mutation, and rabbit skin revealed a decreased inflammatory response to LiRecDT1H12A compared to LiRecDT1. Residual phospholipase activity was observed with increasing concentrations of LiRecDT1H12A by dermonecrosis and fluorometric measurement in vitro. Lipid arrays showed that the mutated toxin has an affinity for the same lipids LiRecDT1, and both toxins were detected on RAEC cell surfaces. Data from in vitro choline release and HPTLC analyses of LiRecDT1-treated purified phospholipids and RAEC membrane detergent-extracts corroborate with the morphological changes. These data suggest a phospholipase-D dependent mechanism of toxicity, which has no substrate specificity and thus utilizes a broad range of bioactive lipids. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Secretaria de Estado de CienciaTecnologia e Ensino Superior (SETI) do ParanaFundacao Araucaria-PRFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Univ Fed Parana, Dept Cell Biol, BR-81531990 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Ponta Grossa, Dept Struct Mol Biol & Genet, Ponta Grossa, BrazilCatholic Univ Parana, Hlth & Biol Sci Inst, Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Biochem, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Actinobacteria from termite mounds show antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate model for Hepatitis C virus

Extracts from termite-associated bacteria were evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Two bacterial strains were identified as active, with percentages of inhibition (IP) equal to 98%. Both strains were subjected to functional analysis via the addition of virus and extract at different time points in cell culture; the results showed that they were effective as posttreatments. Moreover, we performed MTT colorimetric assays to identify the CC50, IC50, and SI values of these strains, and strain CDPA27 was considered the most promising. In parallel, the isolates were identified as Streptomyces through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Specifically, CDPA27 was identified as S. chartreusis. The CDPA27 extract was fractionated on a C18-E SPE cartridge, and the fractions were reevaluated. A 100% methanol fraction was identified to contain the compound(s) responsible for antiviral activity, which had an SI of 262.41. GC-MS analysis showed that this activity was likely associated with the compound(s) that had a peak retention time of 5 min. Taken together, the results of the present study provide new information for antiviral research using natural sources, demonstrate the antiviral potential of Streptomyces chartreusis compounds isolated from termite mounds against BVDV, and lay the foundation for further studies on the treatment of HCV infection2015CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP311779/2014-02011/50919-

Hipotireoidismo: coma mixedematoso e suas repercussões: Hypothyroidism: myxedematosus coma and its repercussions

O coma mixedematoso (CM) é uma condição clínica rara resultante do hipotireoidismo descompensado com fator precipitante subjacente. Ele ocorre principalmente no inverno e atinge principalmente mulheres e idosos, apresentando altas taxas de mortalidade, podendo chegar a aproximadamente 25%. Por isso, visando reduzir esses valores e aumentar a sobrevida do paciente, o diagnóstico precoce é imprescindível, juntamente com o controle dos fatores precipitantes, manejo terapêutico e suporte adequado. Diante desse quadro, o profissional de saúde deve atentar-se para as alterações sistêmicas que essa doença pode causar, como insuficiência respiratória, hipernatremia, hipoglicemia, hipotermia e hipertensão diastólica. Ademais, visto que essa enfermidade apresenta dificuldades de manejo, por resultar em uma série de alterações orgânicas expressivas, o tratamento deve ser iniciado mesmo que empiricamente: estabilizar o paciente com medidas de suporte, reconhecer a sintomatologia, iniciar o tratamento com Levotiroxina e, por fim, identificar o fator causal da descompensação metabólica. De fato, a taxa de mortalidade pela crise mixedematosa é alta, perante tal situação, é fundamental o estabelecimento de um gama de múltiplas perspectivas e cuidados multidisciplinares com a finalidade de aumentar a sobrevida daqueles afetados pela enfermidade

Encefalopatia traumática crônica - esporte não é somente saúde: Chronic traumatic encephalopathy - sport is not only health

Encefalopatia traumática crônica (ETC) é uma neuropatia expressada como um quadro demencial cuja clínica envolve declínio cognitivo e mudanças graves comportamentais. A ETC pode se estabelecer após concussões repetitivas que costumeiramente ocorrem em esportes com alto índice de contato; dentre esses os de maiores riscos se enquadram o boxe e o futebol americano. A ETC, assim como sua gravidade, são proporcionais à idade e quantidade de impactos. Portanto, sugere-se que essa moléstia e seus déficits sejam causados pelo efeito acumulativo de traumatismos cranioencefálicos (TCEs) leves que causam up-regulation da proteína precursora do peptídeo beta amilóide e da proteína TAU, que consequentemente forma emaranhados neurofibrilares. O acúmulo de ambas substâncias geram modificações anatômicas estruturais (macro e microscópicas) e desencadeiam os sinais e sintomas neuropsiquiátricos. Dessa forma, a ETC pode ser confundida com outros tipos de demências, entre elas a Doença de Alzheimer. Visto que se trata de uma condição clínica complexa, é importante estabelecer um diagnóstico precoce e promover uma conduta clínica de maneira precisa, com o intuito de amenizar os danos e os prejuízos cognitivos gerados. A gravidade e a irreversibilidade da ETC deveriam nortear a prática esportiva com cuidados de múltiplas perspectivas, prevenindo, assim, as consequências geradas por essa condição.&nbsp