A case-crossover study of sleep, fatigue, and other transient exposures at workplace and the risk of non-fatal occupational injuries among the employees of an Italian academic hospital

Objectives: Transient exposure with acute effect has been shown to affect the risk of occupational injuries in various industrial settings and at the healthcare workplace. The objective of this study has been to identify transient exposures related to occupational injury risk in an Italian teaching hospital. Material and Methods: A case-crossover study was conducted among the employees of the University Hospital of Udine who reported an occupational injury, commuting accident, or incident involving biological risk in a 15-month period in the years 2013 and 2014. The matched-pair interval approach was used to assess the role of acute sleep deprivation whereas the usual frequency approach was used for other 13 transient exposures. Results: Sleep hours were not associated with the risk of injuries whereas a significant risk increase was associated with fatigue, rush, distraction, emergency situations, teaching to or being taught by someone, non-compliant patients, bloody operative/work field, excess noise, complex procedures, and anger. Conclusions: We identified transient exposures that increased the risk of occupational injuries in an Italian teaching hospital, providing indications for interventions to increase workers' safety at the healthcare workplace. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):1001–100

SARS-CoV-2 transmission by asymptomatic healthcare workers positive to screening swab: an Italian study

Background SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily through respiratory droplets of symptomatic individuals. With respect to asymptomatic individuals, there are conflicting results in the literature and a lack of studies specifically examining transmission in healthcare settings. Methods The aim of this retrospective study, conducted in a northeastern Italian region, was to estimate the contagiousness of asymptomatic healthcare workers (HCWs) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic HCWs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) at a regular screening nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab between 1 February 2020 and 15 September 2020 were considered index cases. Contacts who were at high risk of infection and had follow-up swabs were included. Contacts were considered infected if they had a positive follow-up swab and/or symptoms associated with COVID-19 confirmed by a positive test within 14 days of exposure. Information was taken from records previously collected to identify contacts. Infectivity was estimated using the attack rate (AR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results Thirty-eight asymptomatic HCWs who were positive at the screening swab and 778 contacts were identified. Contacts included 63.8% of colleagues, 25.6% of patients, 7.7% of family members and 3.0% of other contacts. Seven contacts tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (AR: 0.91%, 95% CI: 0.89-0.93). Five of them were family members (AR: 8.3%), one was a colleague (0.2%) and one was a contact of other type (4.2%). Conclusions Viral spread by asymptomatic HCWs was less than in other settings. Identification of risk factors for transmission and reliable indicators of infectivity would be important to prioritize preventive measures

Data-driven clustering of combined Functional Motor Disorders based on the Italian registry

Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) represent nosological entities with no clear phenotypic characterization, especially in patients with multiple (combined FMDs) motor manifestations. A data-driven approach using cluster analysis of clinical data has been proposed as an analytic method to obtain non-hierarchical unbiased classifications. The study aimed to identify clinical subtypes of combined FMDs using a data-driven approach to overcome possible limits related to "a priori" classifications and clinical overlapping

Demographic and clinical determinants of neck pain in idiopathic cervical dystonia.

Cervical dystonia is associated with neck pain in a significant proportion of cases, but the mechanisms underlying pain are largely unknown. In this exploratory study, we compared demographic and clinical variables in cervical dystonia patients with and without neck pain from the Italian Dystonia Registry. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated a higher frequency of sensory trick and a lower educational level among patients with pain

Integrin-mediated adhesive properties of neutrophils are reduced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with chronic non-healing wound.

In recent years, several studies suggested that the ability of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) to promote healing in patients with diabetic ulcers and chronic wounds is due to the reduction of inflammatory cytokines and to a significant decrease in neutrophils recruitment to the damaged area. α4 and β2 integrins are receptors mediating the neutrophil adhesion to the endothelium and the comprehension of the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation on their expression and functions in neutrophils could be of great importance for the design of novel therapeutic protocols focused on anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, the α4 and β2 integrins' expression and functions have been evaluated in human primary neutrophils obtained from patients with chronic non-healing wounds and undergoing a prolonged HBOT (150 kPa per 90 minutes). The effect of a peptidomimetic α4β1 integrin antagonist has been also analyzed under these conditions. A statistically significant decrease (68%) in β2 integrin expression on neutrophils was observed during the treatment with HBO and maintained one month after the last treatment, while α4 integrin levels remained unchanged. However, cell adhesion function of both neutrophilic integrins α4β1 and β2 was significantly reduced 70 and 67%, respectively), but α4β1 integrin was still sensitive to antagonist inhibition in the presence of fibronectin, suggesting that a combined therapy between HBOT and integrin antagonists could have greater antinflammatory efficacy

Digital forensic evidence. Towards common european standards in antifraud administrative and criminal investigations

Il volume presenta i risultati di DEVICES, un progetto di ricerca europeo finanziato da Olaf nell'ambito del programma Hercule III. La ricerca ha analizzato le regole secondo le quali in Germania, Italia, Lussemburgo,Spagna e Olanda si raccolgono le prove digitali, ed ha avanzato proposte per implementare soluzioni condivis

Sustainability in peptide chemistry: current synthesis and purification technologies and future challenges

Developing greener synthesis processes is an inescapable necessity to transform the industrial landscape, mainly in the pharmaceutical sector, into a long-term, sustainable reality. In this context, the renaissance of peptides as medical treatments, and the enforcement of more stringent sustainability requirements by regulatory agencies, pushed chemists toward the introduction of sustainable processes to prepare highly pure, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Innovative upstream (synthesis) and downstream (purification) methodologies have been developed during the last 5 years with the introduction and optimization of several technologies in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), liquid-phase peptide synthesis (LPPS), chemo-enzymatic peptide synthesis (CEPS), and chromatographic procedures. These innovations are also moving toward the introduction of continuous processes that represent one of the most important targets for iterative processes. This overview discusses the most recent efforts in making peptide chemistry greener. The extensive studies that were carried out on green solvents, reaction conditions, auxiliary reagents and purification technologies in the peptide segment can be useful to other fields of organic synthesis

Benefits of a Mixed-Mode Stationary Phase to Address the Challenging Purification of an Industrially Relevant Peptide: A Proof-of-Concept Study

Peptides are a class of biomolecules with a great potential from the therapeutic point of view, because of their unique biological properties. Industrially, the production stategies adopted produce both the target peptide and a series of impurities that must be removed. Preparative chromatography is the technique of choice for the large-scale purification of biomolecules, generally performed in reversed-phase mode, using hydrophobic adsorbents (e.g., C8 stationary phases). A promising and innovative alternative is represented by mixed-mode columns, which bear two different ligands on the particle surface, exploiting two different retention mechanisms to improve the separation. This work represents a proof-of-concept study focused on the comparison of a hydrophobic adsorbent and a mixed-mode one (bearing both hydrophobic groups and charged ones) for the purification of a crude peptide mixture. Thanks to more-favourable thermodynamics, it was found that, when collecting the whole peak excluding fractions of the peak tail, the mixed-mode column led to an increase in the recovery of roughly +15%, together with a slight improvement in purity at the same time, with respect to the traditional hydrophobic column. In addition, if the whole peak, including the tail, is collected, the performance of the two columns are similar in terms of purity and recovery, but the pepetide elutes as a narrower peak with the mixed mode. This leads to a collection pool showing a much-higher peptide concentration and to lower solvent volumes needed, which is a beneficial achievement when targeting more sustainable processes. These results are very advantageous from the industrial viewpoint, because they also involve a decrease in the peptide amount contained in the peak tail, which must be reprocessed again to satisfy purity requirements

La Medusa en el espejo. Ensayos sobre la violencia contemporánea

Medusa representa la experiencia del sujeto con la muerte, que no es otra cosa que la experiencia de la alteridad extrema. A través de su mirada, Medusa destierra a los hombres del mundo de los vivos y los precipita al Hades. Pero Medusa no representa la muerte misma, entendida como un estado diferente a la vida, sino el poder de destrucción que conduce a la muerte, o sea, la violencia. Este libro compila los trabajos de nueve autores que reflexionan sobre éste último tópico. Como los reflejos en el espejo de Perseo, estos textos dan pistas de los movimientos de Medusa, pero no pretenden ser una descripción exhaustiva de toda su trayectoria. Son miradas de la violencia desde la perspectiva en que cada uno pudo observarla, desde su disciplina, pero también desde su geografía. Esta multiperspectiva es también una polifonía, un canon donde convergen distintas voces de la academia, la política y el mundo de la cultura. Se trata de trabajos doblemente especulares: como reflejos en el espejo de cada cual, y como pensamientos en voz alta que no aspiran a marcar verdades definitivas, pero que constituyen un avance fundamental en momentos en los que la mayoría prefiere rehuir la mirada, hacer como si la violencia no existiera o fuera un problema de otros.Fil: Caviglia, Franco Agustín. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; ArgentinaFil: Ferrazzano, Alberto. No especifíca;Fil: González Calleja, Eduardo. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; España. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas; EspañaFil: Rodríguez Montenegro, Gina Paola. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Instituto de Investigaciones "Gino Germani"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo; ArgentinaFil: del Percio, Enrique Miguel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Derecho; Argentina. Universidad del Salvador; ArgentinaFil: Calderón, Percy. Universidad de Granada; EspañaFil: Najmanovich, Denise. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos; ArgentinaFil: Santagada, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Rodríguez Mansilla, Darío. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Busco, Carolina. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; ChileFil: Boitano, Ángela. Universidad Diego Portales; Chil