Contribution of Piezo2 to endothelium-dependent pain.

BackgroundWe evaluated the role of a mechanically-gated ion channel, Piezo2, in mechanical stimulation-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia produced by the pronociceptive vasoactive mediator endothelin-1, an innocuous mechanical stimulus-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia that is vascular endothelial cell dependent. We also evaluated its role in a preclinical model of a vascular endothelial cell dependent painful peripheral neuropathy.ResultsThe local administration of oligodeoxynucleotides antisense to Piezo2 mRNA, at the site of nociceptive testing in the rat's hind paw, but not intrathecally at the central terminal of the nociceptor, prevented innocuous stimulus-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia produced by endothelin-1 (100 ng). The mechanical hyperalgesia induced by oxaliplatin (2 mg/kg. i.v.), which was inhibited by impairing endothelial cell function, was similarly attenuated by local injection of the Piezo2 antisense. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated for the first time the presence of Piezo2 mRNA in endothelial cells.ConclusionsThese results support the hypothesis that Piezo2 is a mechano-transducer in the endothelial cell where it contributes to stimulus-dependent hyperalgesia, and a model of chemotherapy-induced painful peripheral neuropathy

Calcretes pedogenéticos da Bacia de Itaboraí, Estado do Rio de Janeiro

The Itaboraí Basin, located in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, is considered the first segment from the Southeastern Brazil Continental Rift opened, during the Paleocene. The occurrence of calcretes was previously reported in the literature, although studies dealing specifically with such calcretes and their distribution were not performed. Furthermore, there is limited research involving the petrographic characterization of the sedimentary deposits of the basin. This study developed a characterization on both macro and micro scale of the vadose calcretes that occur along the northern and western margins of the basin and constitute its initial infilling. The compositional, textural and fabric features of 27 thin sections prepared from calcrete samples were described and interpreted. The pedogenetic calcretes were separated in different facies (chalky, nodular, massive, platy, incipient laminar and brecciated), and classified according to morphogenetic stages. The main microscopic features include nodules, contraction cracks, vadose pisoliths, rhizocretions, infiltrated clays, corroded grains, expanded micas and clay aggregates. The pedogenetic calcretes were developed on weathered alluvial deposits during tectonic stability periods. They are typically generated on continental environments under arid to semiarid climates and occur intercalated with travertines (carbonate crusts of hydrothermal origin), which deposition is favored by fault activity during humid climate periods. The results indicate both pedogenetic and hydrothermal processes have been extremely active and have played important role during the early evolution of Itaboraí Basin. Thus, the characterization of such processes is essential to the understanding of the initial evolution of Southeastern Brazil Continental Rift.A Bacia de Itaboraí é considerada o primeiro segmento do Rifte Continental do Sudeste do Brasil a se abrir, durante o Paleoceno. Há referências à existência de calcretes na bacia, entretanto, até o momento, não foram realizados estudos específicos sobre os calcretes e sobre sua ocorrência, e ainda há um número reduzido de trabalhos envolvendo a caracterização petrográfica dos depósitos sedimentares da bacia. Apresenta-se aqui uma caracterização, macromorfológica e micromorfológica dos calcretes vadosos que constituem o preenchimento inicial da bacia e que são encontrados nas suas bordas norte e oeste. Foram descritos e interpretados os aspectos composicionais, texturais e de fábrica de 27 seções delgadas preparadas de amostras de calcretes. Os calcretes pedogenéticos mostram diferentes fácies (pulverulento, nodular, maciço, placoso, laminar incipiente e brechado), que foram atribuídas a estágios morfogenéticos distintos. As principais fei- ções micromorfológicas incluem: nódulos, gretas de contração, rizólitos, argilas infiltradas, grãos corroídos e fraturados, micas expandidas, e agregados argilosos. Os calcretes pedogenéticos se desenvolveram em depósitos aluviais intemperizados, em períodos de estabilidade tectônica e são característicos de ambientes continentais áridos a semiáridos. Ocorrem intercalados a travertinos, crostas carbonáticas de origem hidrotermal, cuja deposição é condicionada pela movimentação de falhas ativas e favorecida em períodos de clima úmido. Os resultados indicam que processos pedogenéticos e hidrotermais foram extremamente atuantes durante o início do preenchimento da Bacia de Itaboraí, e sua caracterização é importante para a compreensão da evolução inicial do Rift Continental do Sudeste do Brasil

Comparisons of ball possession, match running performance, player prominence and team network properties according to match outcome and playing formation during the 2018 FIFA World Cup

The aims of this study conducted in national teams during the 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup were: i) to verify the possible variations of ball possession, match running performance, player prominence, team network properties according to match outcome and playing formation; and ii) to investigate the relationships between player prominence and total distance covered according to team ball possession. Sixty-one matches were analysed over the course of the competition (n=988 player observations). Running performance was examined using total distance covered in (TDIP) and out of possession, and that travelled in different speed-range categories. Player prominence (micro) and team network properties (macro) were obtained using social network analysis where completed passes between teammates were counted (n=28019 passes). Main findings were: i) with the exception of clustering coefficients which indicate the level of interconnectivity between close teammates (win = draw > loss), match outcome was unaffected by ball possession, running and network measures ; iii) teams employing a 1‒4‒2‒3‒1 formation reported greater values for ball possession, TDIP, and micro/macro network measures compared to those playing 1‒4‒4‒2 and 1‒4‒3‒3 formations; iv) TDIP tended to be related to most player prominence variables, even though the magnitude of coefficients varied considerably according to network measures and playing positions. This study has provided additional insights into elite soccer match-play performance

Guidelines for the management of neuroendocrine tumours by the Brazilian gastrointestinal tumour group

Neuroendocrine tumours are a heterogeneous group of diseases with a significant variety of diagnostic tests and treatment modalities. Guidelines were developed by North American and European groups to recommend their best management. However, local particularities and relativisms found worldwide led us to create Brazilian guidelines. Our consensus considered the best feasible strategies in an environment involving more limited resources. We believe that our recommendations may be extended to other countries with similar economic standards.Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Canc Estado Sao Paulo, BR-01246000 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Radiol & Oncol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sirio Libanes, BR-01308050 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Moinhos de Vento Porto Alegre, BR-90035000 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilOncoctr, BR-30360680 Belo Horizonte, MG, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Dept Cirurgia, BR-90040060 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, BR-90035903 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ceara, Fac Med, Dept Fisiol & Farmacol, BR-60020180 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilHosp Univ Walter Cantidio, BR-60430370 Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilInst Nacl Canc, BR-20230240 Rio De Janeiro, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Disciplina Endocrinol & Metabol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Dept Surg, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, BR-90050170 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Albert Einstein, BR-05652900 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Base, Fac Med Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15090000 Sao Paulo, BrazilSanta Casa Sao Jose do Rio Preto, BR-15025500 Sao Jose Do Rio Preto, BrazilPontificia Univ Catolica Parana, Hosp Erasto Gaertner, BR-81520060 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Norte, BR-59300000 Natal, RN, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Inst Coracao, BR-05403900 Sao Paulo, BrazilAC Camargo Canc Ctr, Med Oncol, BR-01509010 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Sao Rafael, BR-41253190 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Canc Barretos, Dept Cirurgia Aparelho Digest Alto & Hepatobiliop, BR-14784400 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Dept Patol, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, BrazilClin AMO, BR-1950640 Salvador, BA, BrazilHosp Sao Jose, BR-01323001 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Nove de Julho, BR-02111030 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Disciplina Gastroenterol, BR-04021001 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc