66 research outputs found

    Low-Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers: A Systematic Review

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    Recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAUs) are the most common lesion found in the oral cavity. There is no definitive cure for RAUs and current treatments are aimed at minimizing symptoms. Since low-level laser therapy (LLLT) modulates inflammatory responses, and promotes pain reduction and cellular biostimulation, LLLT can be suggested as an alternative treatment for RAUs. The literature concerning the potential of LLLT in the treatment of RAUs was evaluated. A systematic literature review identified 22 publications, of which only 2 studies were adopted. The eligibility criteria consisted of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Both RCTs achieved significant results concerning LLLT and pain-level reductions and reduced healing times. Despite the variance in irradiation conditions applied in both studies, very similar wavelengths were adopted. There is accordingly strong evidence that wavelength plays an important role in RAU treatment. Taking into account the different parameters applied by selected RCTs, it is not possible to suggest that a specific protocol should be used. However, in light of the significant results found in both studies, LLLT can be suggested as an alternative for RAU treatment. Additional RCTs should be performed in order to reach a clinical protocol and better understand the application of LLLT in RAU treatment

    Effects of Cnidoscolus Quercifolius Pohl leaves extracts on glucemia reduction in diabetic mice / Efeitos das folhas de Cnidoscolus Quercifolius Pohl sobre a redução da glucemia em ratos diabéticos

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    Obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes are epidemic chronic situations in industrialized countries that are associated with the reduction of life quality and increase of patients’ mortality. Before the serious epidemiological picture and the impact that the diabetes causes in the society, the use of different therapeutic interventions is priority in the scientific community. Thus, the goal of this work valued the hypoglycemic effect of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaves of Cnidoscolus quercifolius Pohl (faveleira). The phytochemical analysis demonstrated the carbolic acids presence, flavonols, xanthone, catechin, triterpenoids, tannin and coumarins in both extracts and the liquid chromatography of high efficiency revealed the presence of the gallic acid; a powerful metabolite antioxidant. The Diabetes was induced in mice Swiss with alloxan that they did not present mortality when treated with 100, 200 mg / kg of methanolic extract and 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg of aqueous extract for 30 days. Histopathological analysis of the animal’s organs (kidney, pancreas, liver) did not reveal architectural alteration. All the diabetic animals submmited to the extracts presented a higher reduction on the blood sugar level percentage than the ones which were undergone to the standard drug. It is important to highlight that the blood sugar level - of the diabetic animals undergone to 400 mg / kg of weight of the aqueous extract - presented glycemic reduction of 39,81 % after 30 days of treatment. These results are very promising because they show great potential for the use of this typical Brazilian Caatinga plant as an alternative therapeutic option to slow down or reduce the risk of hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetic patients

    Turismo rural e patrimônio: perspectivas para o design sistêmico

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    [EN] Rural tourism appears, in Brazil, as an interest of the sector in the dynamics of rural spaces that represent new experiences for the traveler, being the main motivation the contact with rural communities. Its potential is focused on the historical and cultural character and in the ways of living and producing, evidencing the diversity of social groups and the immateriality of their tradition. The appreciation of the culture of a territory can contribute to the economic and social development and also favor the increase of the tourism industry. In this sense, tourism is understood as a "complex" activity that involves relations between the human social context, the influence of the sector of products and services of the economy and the sociocultural dynamics. To analyze the phenomenon of tourism is to consider the environment as integrated to other areas, in a systemic approach. Tourism supplements the needs of the market and formats the object of sale in a commercial product that is intangible and demands a more comprehensive look, beyond the logic of producer and consumer. In this sense, ii is important to reflect on the communities’ interrelationships, questioning how the connection between tourism with rural communities and local cultural heritage is established? Where does Design fit into this scenario? This qualitative theoretical article intends to contextualize rural tourism by relating it to cultural heritage as perspectives for Systemic Design actions aimed at the development of rural communities and socio-cultural specificities. The method included the literature review available in articles and printed books or in electronic databases to compose the theoretical reference. It is believed that this study brings contributions to point out gaps for Design actions, focused on the conceptions of rural spaces, without losing sight of the history that constituted them, exploring their non-agricultural activities, the form of participation of the local social actors, especially the farming family, and their association in the sale of products and services representative of the local cultural heritage.[PT] O turismo rural surge no Brasil na década de 1990 como interesse do setor nas dinâmicas dos espaços rurais que representam novas experiências a serem oferecidas ao viajante, sendo a principal motivação o contato com comunidades rurais. A potencialidade do turismo rural está no caráter histórico e cultural inerentes as formas de viver e produzir evidenciando a diversidade de grupos sociais e trazendo a tona a imaterialidade do patrimônio. A valorização do patrimônio cultural de um território pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento econômico e social e ainda favorecer o incremento da indústria do turismo. Nesse sentido, entende-se o turismo como uma atividade “complexa” que envolve relações entre o contexto social humano, a influência do setor de produtos e serviços da economia e as dinâmicas socioculturais. Diante do exposto, analisar o fenômeno do turismo é considerar o ambiente como parte integrada a outras áreas em uma abordagem sistêmica, pois o turismo cresce, acompanha as necessidades do mercado, formata o objeto de venda em produto turístico que é intangível e demanda um olhar mais abrangente transcendendo a lógica do produtor e consumidor. Nesse sentido importa reflexões sobre as inter-relações ocorridas em comunidades questionando como se estabelece a relação do turismo com comunidades rurais e o patrimônio cultural local? E onde o Design se insere tendo em vista esse cenário? Este artigo de abordagem teórica qualitativa pretende contextualizar o turismo rural relacionando-o ao patrimônio cultural como norte às perspectivas do Design sistêmico voltado ao desenvolvimento de comunidades rurais com respeito às especificidades socioculturais. Como procedimentos metodológicos foi feita revisão de literatura mediante levantamento bibliográfico e documental de artigos e livros impressos ou na forma de bases de dados eletrônicas com vistas a compor o referencial teórico. Acredita-se que este estudo traz contribuições ao apontar lacunas para ações do Design voltadas às concepções dos espaços rurais na atualidade, sem perder de vista a história que os constituiu, explorando suas atividades não-agrícolas, a forma de participação dos atores sociais desses espaços, em especial, a família agricultora e sua relação na venda de produtos e serviços representativos do território e patrimônio cultural local.Palavras-chave: turismo rural; patrimônio cultural; design sistêmico.Alves-Do-Vale-Cestari, G.; Souza-Ferreira, A.; Fontoura-Berlato, L.; Gonçalves-De Figueiredo, LF. (2017). Turismo rural e patrimônio: perspectivas para o design sistêmico. En Systems & Design: From Theory to Product. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 33-46. https://doi.org/10.4995/SD2017.2017.6644OCS334

    Laser Photobiomodulation and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Ovine Otitis

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    Background: Otitis is a severe inflammation of the skin of the auditory canal which can impact animals of all ages. In sheep, this disease can occur in isolated cases or in the entire flock. Laser photobiomodulation can be used in combination with medication or as single therapy and the effects are analgesia, modulation of the inflammatory process, edema reduction, tissue restoration and stimulation of local microcirculation. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy stands out as a promising alternative to antimicrobial drugs for the treatment of localized infections. This study aimed to report the use of laser phototherapies on a sheep with bacterial otitis.Case: A case of bacterial otitis in a 4-year-old sheep, Dorper, was treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the State University of Santa Cruz. In the anamnesis, the owner reported that the patient presented crusts in the auricular pavilions, and had been medicated with oxytetracycline 20%, administered intramuscularly, for two days and the crusts cleaned with iodine 10%, but the animal did not present clinical improvement. On physical examination, the animal presented constant head swaying, edema of the ears, otalgia, enlarged parotid lymph nodes and ear wounds. No ear discharge was observed, and the initial diagnosis was aural hematoma. The treatment prescribed was laser photobiomodulation for three consecutive days. The lesions were irradiated with a diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, irradiance of 3.5 W/cm2, continuous emission, spot area of 0.028 cm2, wavelength of 808 nm, energy of 4J/point, and fluency/point of 142.8J/cm2, with seven points on the external surface and four points on the internal surface of both ears. Two points were also targeted on the parotid lymph nodes with infrared laser (λ = 808 nm), with energy of 2J/point. On the fourth day of hospitalization, there was a reduction in lesions, decreased edema and absence of pain and on the sixth day of hospitalization, the patient presented mucopurulent otorrhea. The material from the auricular pavilions was collected for cytological examination, confirming the clinical diagnosis of bacterial otitis. Two sessions of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) were performed with an interval of 48 hours, with application of 0.01 % methylene blue, pre-irradiation time of five minutes and irradiation with diode laser with a power of 0.1 W, 660 nm wavelength and 9J/point energy. On the 10 th day after the start of the treatment, there was no pain, healing of ear wounds, and no otorrhea. An additional photobiomodulation session was performed on the unhealed wounds in the auditory canal with red laser (λ = 660nm), on 5 points with an energy of 1J/point. On the 15th day, the left ear was healed and the right ear presented otorrhea, and a further session of aPDT was performed. On the 17th day after starting treatment there was no secretion and all lesions were healed. The patient was subsequently monitored for one month, showing no change or relapse.Discussion: Laser photobiomodulation treatment and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy were efficient in treating bacterial otitis without the use of antibiotics, promoting clinical improvement and patient well-being, making it an alternative to conventional treatment. After searches on the Pubmed, Scielo and Escopus databases using photobiomodulation and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in sheep otitis as descriptors, this is believed to be the first report on the use of laser phototherapy in sheep otitis. Further studies are needed to establish the dosimetry and frequency of the sessions, as, besides considering animal well-being, this species is an excellent model for human experimentation

    Influenza virus type/subtype and different infection profiles by age group during 2017/2018 season

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    DDI-INSA em colaboração com a Rede Portuguesa de Laboratórios para o Diagnóstico da GripeBackground: Influenza has a major impact in hospitalization during each influenza season. We analysed the influenza type/subtype distribution by age group and medical care wards (ambulatory, hospital, intensive care unit). Material and Methods: During 2017/2018 season, 14 hospitals from Portugal mainland and Atlantic Island (Azores and Madeira) reported to the National Influenza Centre 13747 cases of respiratory infection, all tested for influenza type and/or subtype. Epidemiological data: age, sample collection, hospital dwelling service and patient outcome were reported. Results: From the 13747 reported cases, 3717(27%) were influenza positive of which 2033 (55%) were influenza B, 722 (19%) A unsubtyped, 505 (14%) AH3, 442 (12%) AH1pdm09 and 15(0,1%) mixed infections. Influenza A was detected in 71% (204/208) of toddlers(<5 years) although in the remaining age groups influenza B was detected in more than 50% of the confirmed flu cases. Influenza B was the predominant virus in hospitalized and ICU influenza cases between 5-14 years (69% and 75%, respectively) and played a major role in elderly (65+ years) hospitalized and ICU cases(57% and 67%, respectively). AH1pdm09 virus was detected in 30% of the influenza confirmed ICU patients, 2.1 times more than in hospitalized cases in other wards and 3.3 times more than influenza AH1pdm09 cases in ambulatory care. Influenza mixed infection were detected sporadically,mainly in hospitalized and ICU patients. From 2080 known outcomes, 40(1.9%) patients deceased, influenza was confirmed in 11(28%) of these cases. Conclusions: Cocirculation of different influenza virus type/subtype may indicate different infection profiles by age groups and should guide influenza preventive/treatment measures.N/

    Arritmias: Classificação e manejo em crianças / Arrhythmias: Classification and management in children

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    INTRODUÇÃO: Os distúrbios do ritmo cardíaco geralmente ocorrem por alterações no sistema de condução elétrico cardíaco, acometimento por cardiopatias congênitas ou lesões cirúrgicas do sistema condutor. Tais eventos variam de bradiarritmias a taquiarritmias e podem gerar comprometimentos importantes ao paciente pediátrico. METODOLOGIA: O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão narrativa sobre a classificação e o manejo de arritmias nas crianças. Em janeiro de 2021, foram selecionados 13 artigos dos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. Os descritores utilizados foram: arritmia cardíaca, crianças, tratamento e diagnóstico. RESULTADO: Os artigos selecionados foram listados de acordo com ano de publicação e metodologia. DISCUSSÃO: O primeiro passo para o controle da arritmia é fazer o diagnóstico. Uma vez este obtido, a abordagem dependerá de muitos fatores, incluindo a probabilidade de recorrência, o efeito hemodinâmico e o impacto da arritmia na criança. A avaliação e estratificação não invasiva deve ser dividida entre aqueles pacientes sem cardiopatia e com cardiopatia congênita e as condutas precisam estar pautadas nessas condições. CONCLUSÃO: Medicamentos como amiodarona, digoxina, bloqueadores de canais de cálcio bem como manobras vagais e cardioversão elétrica devem ser utilizados depois do reconhecimento do tipo de arritmia para a diminuição da morbimortalidade infantil por esse distúrbio

    Cirurgia bariátrica - aspectos epidemiológicos, fisiopatológicos e principais técnicas cirúrgicas empregadas

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    Nas últimas décadas, houve uma mudança no estilo de vida que contribuiu para um aumento alarmante da obesidade. Padrões alimentares ricos em calorias e comportamento sedentário têm levado a uma epidemia global, com números preocupantes tanto entre adultos quanto entre crianças e adolescentes. A cirurgia bariátrica é reconhecida como o tratamento mais eficaz para combater a obesidade e suas complicações. Esses procedimentos cirúrgicos, como o bypass gástrico, a banda gástrica ajustável, a gastrectomia vertical e a derivação biliopancreática, demonstraram ser altamente eficientes na redução de peso a longo prazo e no tratamento de problemas metabólicos associados. Embora ainda haja incertezas sobre os mecanismos exatos envolvidos na perda de peso resultante da cirurgia bariátrica, acredita-se que eles envolvam o controle do apetite, a influência de peptídeos intestinais, modificações na microbiota e alterações nos ácidos biliares. No geral, a cirurgia bariátrica é considerada a terapia mais eficaz disponível atualmente para alcançar e manter a perda de peso a longo prazo. Outrossim, intervenções endoscópicas minimamente invasivas têm ganhado espaço no manejo do paciente obeso; atualmente, existem três estratégias bariátricas endoscópicas comumente utilizadas: balões intragástricos (BIGs), gastroplastia endoscópica (GE) e bypass duodeno-jejunal endoscópico (BDJE). Esses procedimentos visam reduzir a capacidade do estômago e a absorção de nutrientes, resultando em perda de peso. Além disso, os procedimentos bariátricos endoscópicos têm mostrado resultados promissores devido às suas características, como baixo impacto traumático, possibilidade de reversão, recuperação rápida, custo-efetividade e eficácia na redução de peso

    Viabilidade da substituição parcial do resíduo de construção civil pelo agregado miúdo nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas do concreto / Feasibility of partial replacement of construction waste by the small aggregate in the physical and mechanical properties of concrete

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    O crescimento das construções está cada vez mais frequente e, em função disto, há um aumento na geração dos resíduos decorrentes da falta de gestão para devido destino e, também, a reutilização desses dejetos. Para garantir os efeitos de reutilização, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor a substituição dos agregados naturais pelos resíduos da construção civil gerado em demolições e/ou construções, com a finalidade de analisar métodos sustentáveis, a fim de avaliar sua resistência a compressão axial em laboratório. Foram moldados 10 CP’s de referência, 10 CP’s com 50% de substituição e 10 CP’s com 100% de substituição do agregado miúdo pelo RCC com dimensões de (10 cm x 20 cm). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, foi constatado um aumento na resistência média dos corpos de provas de concreto com 50% de substituição com 32,48 MPa, sendo 20,86% e 4,38% maior do que a resistência a compressão de 100% e 0% (referência) respectivamente. Em suma, observa-se que os resultados foram satisfatórios, mas é necessárias realizações de outros ensaios para que possa garantir a utilização técnica do RCC nas obras, minimizando os impactos ambientais e desenvolvendo métodos que direcione o uso correto desses materiais.  
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