Estágio curricular obrigatório: contribuições para a integralização dos cursos técnicos do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais

The mandatory internship is an opportunity to acquire skills for work and to contextualize learning within the curriculum. This text aims to analyze the regulations of <omitted for blind review> on the mandatory curricular internship and verify the mandatory supervised professional internship and its relation with the concepts of Professional and Technological Education (EPT) in the view of students of the technical courses of Buildings, Informatics and Mechatronics, enrolled in the Seminar for Completion of Technical Courses in Professional and Technological Education (SECLEPT), from 2017 to 2019. The research is characterized as quali-quantitative, descriptive and exploratory, using document analysis. The analyzes showed that the internship must have work as an educational principle and, for students, it is an important stage in their integral formation. However, the institution's rules need to be aligned in relation to the treatment given to the internship to adapt them to Law nº. 11,788/2008. In addition, we verified an increase in time for the conclusion of technical courses beyond what is foreseen in the institution's regulations.La pasantía obligatoria es una oportunidad para adquirir habilidades para el trabajo y para contextualizar el aprendizaje dentro del plan de estudios. Este texto tiene como objetivo analizar la normativa de <omitido para revisión ciega> sobre la práctica curricular obligatoria y verificar la práctica profesional supervisada obligatoria y su relación con los conceptos de Educación Profesional y Tecnológica (EPT) en la visión de los estudiantes de los cursos técnicos de Edificaciones, Informática y Mecatrónica, inscritos en el Seminario de Terminación de Cursos Técnicos en Educación Profesional y Tecnológica (SECLEPT), de 2017 a 2019. La investigación se caracteriza como cuali-cuantitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria, utilizando análisis de documentos. Los análisis mostraron que el internado debe tener como principio educativo el trabajo y, para los estudiantes, es una etapa importante en su formación integral. Sin embargo, es necesario alinear las normas de la institución en relación con el tratamiento dado a la pasantía para adaptarlas a la Ley nº. 11.788/2008. Además, verificamos un aumento en el tiempo para la conclusión de cursos técnicos más allá de lo previsto en la normativa de la institución.O estágio obrigatório é uma oportunidade de o estudante adquirir habilidades para o trabalho e de contextualizar o aprendizado no âmbito curricular. Este texto objetiva analisar as normativas do CEFET-MG sobre o estágio curricular obrigatório e verificar o estágio profissional supervisionado obrigatório e sua relação com os conceitos da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) na visão dos discentes dos cursos técnicos de Edificações, Informática e Mecatrônica, inscritos no Seminário de Conclusão dos Cursos Técnicos da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (SECLEPT), no período de 2017 a 2019. A pesquisa caracteriza-se como quali-quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, utilizando-se de análise documental. As análises mostraram que o estágio deve ter o trabalho como princípio educativo e, para os discentes, é uma importante etapa na sua formação integral. Entretanto, as normativas da instituição necessitam de um alinhamento em relação ao tratamento dado ao estágio para adequá-las à Lei nº. 11.788/2008. Outrossim verificamos um acréscimo de tempo para a conclusão dos cursos técnicos além do previsto nas normativas da instituição

IMPORTÂNCIA DO USO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE PROTEÇÃO INDIVIDUAL (EPI) POR PROFISSIONAIS DE SAÚDE: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

Atividade desenvolvida no setor da Emergência de um Hospital de Santa Catarina junto aos colaboradores que atuam na assistência de enfermagem, com o objetivo de verificar o uso do equipamento de proteção individual (EPI), bem como conscientizar quanto ao seu uso na realização de atividades. Dinâmica lúdica sendo utilizada uma caixa, a qual continha em seu interior areia, slime e porção de arroz; e também utilizado um borrifador com água. O profissional foi vendado e orientado a colocar a mão dentro da caixa  procurando e sentindo o seu conteúdo, enquanto era borrifado água em seu rosto. Percebeu-se que muitos profissionais pecam nos cuidados a si mesmos, e que medidas de conscientização devem ser realizadas mais vezes, a fim de evitar o esquecimento e como consequencia, acidentes

MOBILIZAÇÃO POPULAR, EDUCAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE A REABERTURA DO OBSERVATÓRIO MUNICIPAL ASTRONÔMICO DE DIADEMA A PARTIR DA EDUCOMUNICAÇÃO

A ciência está onipresente no cotidiano contribuindo para a manutenção e desenvolvimento da sociedade, atuando em diversos setores que vão desde o econômico, passam pela saúde, até ao social. Mais do que chamar a atenção para esse papel central da ciência na história da humanidade, é necessário que a sociedade seja capaz de pensar, atuar e questionar sobre os aspectos científicos presentes em seu cotidiano. A Educação Científica e a Divulgação Científica tem um papel central nessa proposta. Para a construção e manutenção do processo de criação de uma cultura científica, ambientes em que estejam presentes uma comunicação em que a dialogicidade é favorecida ou seja, em que o ato de comunicar não seja unidirecional, mas construído em conjunto com a população são capazes de proporcionar espaços para a promoção dessa cultura. Neste trabalho, nós analisamos como a Educomunicação está presente na construção de uma comunicação para a ciência feita pela população no entorno do Observatório Municipal Astronômico de Diadema.

Impact of calcium aluminate cement with additives on dental pulp-derived cells

Calcium aluminate cement (CAC) has been highlighted as a promising alternative for endodontic use aiming at periapical tissue repair. However, its effects on dental pulp cells have been poorly explored. Objective: This study assessed the impact of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) or zinc oxide (ZnO) additives on odontoblast cell response to CAC. Methodology: MDPC-23 cells were exposed for up to 14 d: 1) CAC with 2.8% CaCl2 and 25% ZnO (CACz); 2) CAC with 2.8% CaCl2 and 25% Bi2O3 (CACb); 3) CAC with 10% CaCl2 and 25% Bi2O3 (CACb+); or 4) mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), placed on inserts. Non-exposed cultures served as control. Cell morphology, cell viability, gene expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP-1), ALP activity, and extracellular matrix mineralization were evaluated. Data were compared using ANOVA (α=5%). Results: Lower cell density was detected only for MTA and CACb+ compared with Control, with areas showing reduced cell spreading. Cell viability was similar among groups at days one and three (p>0.05). CACb+ and MTA showed the lowest cell viability values at day seven (p>0.05). CACb and CACb+ promoted higher ALP and BSP expression compared with CACz (p<0.05); despite that, all cements supported ALP activity. Matrix mineralization were enhanced in CACb+ and MTA. Conclusion: In conclusion, CAC with Bi2O3, but not with ZnO, supported the expression of odontoblastic phenotype, but only the composition with 10% CaCl2 promoted mineralized matrix formation, rendering it suitable for dentin-pulp complex repair

In vitro evaluation of the odontogenic potential of mouse undifferentiated pulp cells

The aim of this study was to evaluate the odontogenic potential of undifferentiated pulp cells (OD-21 cell line) through chemical stimuli in vitro. Cells were divided into uninduced cells (OD-21), induced cells (OD-21 cultured in supplemented medium/OD-21+OM) and odontoblast-like cells (MDPC-23 cell line). After 3, 7, 10 and 14 days of culture, it was evaluated: proliferation and cell viability, alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein content, mineralization, immunolocalization of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1 (DMP1), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteopontin (OPN) and quantification of genes ALP, OSTERIX (Osx), DMP1 and runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.05). There was a decrease in cell proliferation in OD-21 + OM, whereas cell viability was similar in all groups, except at 7 days. The amount of total protein was higher in group OD-21 + OM in all periods; the same occurred with ALP activity after 10 days when compared with OD-21, with no significant differences from the MDPC-23 group. Mineralization was higher in OD-21+OM when compared with the negative control. Immunolocalization demonstrated that DMP1 and ALP were highly expressed in MDPC-23 cells and OD-21 + OM cells, whereas OPN was high in all groups. Real-time PCR revealed that DMP1 and ALP expression was higher in MDPC-23 cell cultures, whereas RUNX2 was lower for these cells and higher for OD-21 negative control. Osx expression was lower for OD-21 + OM. These results suggest that OD-21 undifferentiated pulp cells have odontogenic potential and could be used in dental tissue engineering

Different methods of cell quantification can lead to different results : a comparison of digital methods using a pilot study of dendritic cells in HIV-positive patients

Although new digital pathology tools have improved the positive cell quantification, there is a heterogeneity of the quantification methods in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate and propose a novel dendritic cells quantification method in squamous cell carcinoma comparing it with a conventional quantification method. Twenty-six squamous cell carcinomas HIV-positive cases affecting the oropharynx, lips and oral cavity were selected. Immunohistochemistry for CD1a, CD83, and CD207 was performed. The immunohistochemical stains were evaluated by automated examination using a positive pixel count algorithm. A conventional quantification method (unspecific area method; UA) and a novel method (specific area method; SA) were performed obtaining the corresponding density of positive dendritic cells for the intratumoral and peritumoral regions. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to verify the influence of the quantification methods on the positive cell counting according to the evaluated regions. Data were subjected to the ANOVA and Student?s t-test to verify the influence of the tumour location, stage, histological grade, and amount of inflammation on the dendritic cells density counting. The cell quantification method affected the dendritic cells counting independently of the evaluated region (P-value <0.05). Significant differences between methods were also observed according to the tumour features evaluations. The positive cell quantification method influences the dendritic cells density results. Unlike the conventional method (UA method), the novel SA method avoids non-target areas included in the hotspots improving the reliability and reproducibility of the density cell quantification

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R)-dependent pathways control tumour growth and tumour response to chemotherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages induces a suppressor phenotype. Previous data from our group suggested that this occurs via Platelet-activating factor receptor (PAF-R)-mediated pathways. In the present study, we investigated the impact of apoptotic cell inoculation or induction by a chemotherapeutic agent (dacarbazine, DTIC) on tumour growth, microenvironmental parameters and survival, and the effect of treatment with a PAF-R antagonist (WEB2170). These studies were performed in murine tumours: Ehrlich Ascitis Tumour (EAT) and B16F10 melanoma.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Tumour growth was assessed by direct counting of EAT cells in the ascitis or by measuring the volume of the solid tumour. Parameters of the tumour microenvironment, such as the frequency of cells expressing cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2), caspase-3 and galectin-3, and microvascular density, were determined by immunohistochemistry. Levels of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were determined by ELISA, and levels of nitric oxide (NO) by Griess reaction. PAF-R expression was analysed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Inoculation of apoptotic cells before EAT implantation stimulated tumour growth. This effect was reversed by <it>in vivo </it>pre-treatment with WEB2170. This treatment also reduced tumour growth and modified the microenvironment by reducing PGE2, VEGF and NO production. In B16F10 melanoma, WEB2170 alone or in association with DTIC significantly reduced tumour volume. Survival of the tumour-bearing mice was not affected by WEB2170 treatment but was significantly improved by the combination of DTIC with WEB2170. Tumour microenvironment elements were among the targets of the combination therapy since the relative frequency of COX-2 and galectin-3 positive cells and the microvascular density within the tumour mass were significantly reduced by treatment with WEB2170 or DTIC alone or in combination. Antibodies to PAF-R stained the cells from inside the tumour, but not the tumour cells grown <it>in vitro</it>. At the tissue level, a few cells (probably macrophages) stained positively with antibodies to PAF-R.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We suggest that PAF-R-dependent pathways are activated during experimental tumour growth, modifying the microenvironment and the phenotype of the tumour macrophages in such a way as to favour tumour growth. Combination therapy with a PAF-R antagonist and a chemotherapeutic drug may represent a new and promising strategy for the treatment of some tumours.</p