Du libre accès à l'accès restreint aux écoles anglaises du Québec

In this article, the author gives a historical account of the different laws enacted by the National Assembly in order to enhance the status of the French language at administrative levels as well as among the province's résidants themselves. The schools, being vehicles of social and cultural influence, were included. Laws 63 and 22 were little more than tentative, hesitant sallies into the linguistic battle confronting the province and its minority groups. Law 101 provided a more coherent line of reasoning in deciding Quebec's language policies. Nevertheless, it is contested by some groups on constitutional grounds

Pseudohipoaldosteronism Type 1: a case report supported by a literature review

In the neonatal period, hydro electrolytic disorders with dehydration and metabolic acidosis can cause admission to an intensive care unit and become a diagnostic challenge. Among such disorders, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia become diagnostic challenges with hormonal involvement, including aldosterone. Pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) resulting from the lack of response to aldosterone in target cells can be classified into three types and its suspected diagnosis in cases of hyponatremia, hyperkalemia with an elevation of serum aldosterone, can be confirmed by exome sequencing with identification of a potentially pathogenic. This study was based on the case report of a newborn of consanguineous parents who, after birth, evolved in the first week of life with shock, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis. An initial investigation ruled out congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The presence of hyperaldosteronism with increased plasma renin activity, associated with hyperkalemia and hyponatremia difficult to control with electrolyte replacement, led to a molecular investigation that confirmed PHA type 1 by a mutation in the SCCN1A gene. In neonates with severe hyponatremia that is difficult to resolve with conventional treatment and elevation of serum aldosterone, this pathology must be remembered and investigated, avoiding high morbidity and mortality

Exposure to trauma-relevant pictures is associated with tachycardia in victims who had experienced an intense peritraumatic defensive response : the tonic immobility.

Tonic immobility is an involuntary, last-ditch defensive reaction characterized by physical inactivity in a context of inescapable threat that has been described in many species, including humans. The occurrence of this defensive response is a predictor of the severity of psychiatric disorders and may be considered as an index of an intense reaction to a traumatic event. Here, we investigated whether the retrospective reports of peritraumatic tonic immobility reaction in participants exposed to a traumatic event would modify their cardiac responses to pictures related to their trauma. Using a questionnaire of life-threating events, we selected students who experienced violent crime as their most intense trauma and students who had never experienced a violent crime trauma, but experienced other traumatic events. All participants completed a questionnaire that estimated the intensity of tonic immobility during their most intense trauma. Electrocardiographic recordings were collected during exposure to pictures. Participants viewed emotional pictures (human attack with guns) and neutral pictures. These emotional stimuli were selected to be trauma-relevant to the violent crime group and non trauma-relevant to the no violent crime trauma group. Violent crime group showed a positive correlation between heart rate changes after viewing trauma-related pictures and tonic immobility scores. We observed that low tonic immobility scores were associated with bradycardia and high scores with tachycardia in response to trauma-relevant pictures. For the no violent crime group, no significant correlation was detected. These results suggest that the relevance of the stimuli and the magnitude of the defensive response during a previous trauma event were important factors triggering more intense defensive responses

Associação VACTERL: Relato De Caso

BACKGROUND: VACTERL association is established by the appearance of congenital malformations: vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia, limb dysplasia, renal dysplasia and heart diseases. CASE REPORT: pediatric patient, 4 years old, female, brown, natural and resident of country town of the state of Maranhão. Mother without prenatal achievement. Born vaginally. She presented anorectal malformation from birth, underwent a double mouth colostomy and, after an interval of time, reconstruction of intestinal transit and successive anal dilatations. In the investigation of other congenital anomalies, ultrasonography of the kidneys and urinary tracts, magnetic resonance imaging of the neuroaxis and radiography of the right upper limb and echocardiography were requested. Besides the anorectal anomaly, vestibular fistula, right unilateral renal agenesis, spina bífida L5, right radial agenesis and ventricular septal defect were also observed. With these data in hand, the VACTERL syndrome was characterized. CONCLUSIONS: The association of VACTERL highlights a set of malformations with diverse clinical presentation that brings great burden to the patients and shows the importance of early prenatal and neonatal diagnosis, since the conduct to be taken after birth will be defined based on severity of anomalies, showing to be always an important topic of discussion among clinicians, pediatricians and surgeons.INTRODUÇÃO: A associação VACTERL é estabelecida amiúde pelo aparecimeto de pelo menos três das seguintes malformações congênitas:  defeitos vertebrais, atresia anal, fístula traqueoesofágica com ou sem atresia de esôfago, displasia em membros, displasia renal e cardiopatias. RELATO DE CASO: paciente pediátrica, 4 anos, feminino, parda, natural e residente de uma cidade do interior do estado do Maranhão. Mãe não realizou pré-Natal. Nascida de parto vaginal. Apresentou malformação anorretal desde o nascimento, passou por realização de colostomia de dupla boca e, após um intervalo de tempo, reconstrução de trânsito intestinal e sucessivas dilatações anal. Na investigação de outras anomalias congênitas foi solicitado ultrassonografia de rins e vias urinárias, ressonância magnética de neuroeixo e radiografia de membro superior direito e ecocardiograma. Ao diagnóstico evidenciou-se, além da anomalia anorretal, fístula uretrovaginal e retovaginal, agenesia renal unilateral direita, espinha bífida em L5, deformidade em antebraço direito e comunicação interventricular. Com esses dados em mãos, foi caracterizado a síndrome VACTERL. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: a associação de VACTERL ressalta um conjunto de malformações com apresentação clínica diversa que traz grande ônus aos portadores e mostra a importância do diagnóstico pré-natal e neonatal precoce, visto que a conduta a ser tomada após o nascimento será definida com base na gravidade das anomalias, mostrando ser sempre um tópico importante de discussão entre clínicos, pediatras e cirurgiões

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio