Relato de experiência do projeto “ações extensionistas para mães de prematuros”

Premature babies are born before 37 weeks of gestation, so they need to be hospitalized. From admission to discharge, parents need to receive guidance to act in a qualified way in providing care to premature infants. The objective of this work is to describe the activities developed by the members of the extension project "Extension actions for mothers of premature babies: recreational and educational activities". This is an experience report of the members of the aforementioned project from May to September 2022. Three face-to-face interventions and five via social networks were carried out, weekly meetings to study scientific articles and organization of interventions for 21 participants. This experience brought the academic community closer to the mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal unit of a public hospital, socializing the scientific knowledge acquired at the university and seeking better care for premature infants at home.O prematuro nasce antes de 37 semanas de gestação, por isso precisa ficar hospitalizado. Da admissão até a alta os pais precisam receber orientações para atuar de forma qualificada na prestação de cuidados ao prematuro. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever as atividades desenvolvidas pelas integrantes do projeto de extensão "Ações extensionistas para mães de prematuros: atividades lúdicas e educativas". Trata-se de um relato de experiência dos integrantes do referido projeto no período de maio a setembro de 2022.  Foram realizadas três intervenções presenciais e cinco via redes sociais, reuniões semanais para estudo de artigos científicos e organização das intervenções para 21 participantes. Esta vivência proporcionou uma aproximação da comunidade acadêmica com as mães dos prematuros internados na unidade neonatal de um hospital público, socializando o conhecimento científico adquirido na universidade e buscando melhores cuidados ao prematuro no domicílio

Time trends and social inequalities in infant and young child feeding practices: national estimates from Brazil’s Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 2008–2019

Abstract Objective: To describe the time trends and socio-economic inequalities in infant and young child feeding practices in accordance with the Brazilian deprivation index (BDI). Design: This time-series study analysed the prevalence of multiple breast-feeding and complementary feeding indicators based on data from the Brazilian Food and Nutrition Surveillance System, 2008–2019. Prais–Winsten regression models were used to analyse time trends. Annual percent change (APC) and 95 % CI were calculated. Setting: Primary health care services, Brazil. Participants: Totally, 911 735 Brazilian children under 2 years old. Results: Breast-feeding and complementary feeding practices differed between the extreme BDI quintiles. Overall, the results were more favourable in the municipalities with less deprivation (Q1). Improvements in some complementary feeding indicators were observed over time and evidenced such disparities: minimum dietary diversity (Q1: Δ 47·8–52·2 %, APC + 1·44, P = 0·006), minimum acceptable diet (Q1: Δ 34·5–40·5 %, APC + 5·17, P = 0·004) and consumption of meat and/or eggs (Q1: Δ 59·7–80·3 %, APC + 6·26, P < 0·001; and Q5: Δ 65·7–70·7 %, APC + 2·20, P = 0·041). Stable trends in exclusive breast-feeding and decreasing trends in the consumption of sweetened drinks and ultra-processed foods were also observed regardless the level of the deprivation. Conclusions: Improvements in some complementary food indicators were observed over time. However, the improvements were not equally distributed among the BDI quintiles, with children from the municipalities with less deprivation benefiting the most

EFEITO DAS SOLUÇÕES IRRIGADORES USADAS EM ENDODONTIA REGENERATIVA SOBRE AS CÉLULAS-TRONCO DE ORIGEM DENTAL

The present study aims to investigate the effect of irrigating solutions used in regenerative endodontics on stem cells of dental origin. An extensive literature review was carried out to identify relevant studies regarding the proposal of the present study. Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar, were consulted to obtain published articles. Chlorhexidine and EDTA emerge as promising alternatives to sodium hypochlorite, presenting lower toxicity and better preserving the viability and function of stem cells. However, more research is needed to validate these findings and determine best clinical practices for using these irrigating solutions in regenerative endodontics. Ultimately, this study contributes to the advancement of scientific knowledge in the area of ​​regenerative endodontics, providing a solid foundation for the development of more effective and personalized clinical protocols. We hope that these findings will inspire future research and promote significant improvements in clinical practice, with the ultimate goal of providing patients with safer, more predictable and more effective treatments for dental tissue regeneration.O presente estudo possui como objetivo investigar o efeito das soluções irrigadoras utilizadas em endodontia regenerativa sobre as células-tronco de origem dental. Realizou-se uma extensa revisão da literatura para identificar estudos relevantes acerca da proposta do presente estudo. Bases de dados eletrônicas, como PubMed, Scielo e Google Acadêmico, foram consultadas para obter artigos publicados. A clorexidina e o EDTA emergem como alternativas promissoras ao hipoclorito de sódio, apresentando menor toxicidade e preservando melhor a viabilidade e função das células-tronco. No entanto, é necessário realizar mais pesquisas para validar esses achados e determinar as melhores práticas clínicas para a utilização dessas soluções irrigadoras em endodontia regenerativa. Em última análise, este estudo contribui para o avanço do conhecimento científico na área da endodontia regenerativa, fornecendo uma base sólida para o desenvolvimento de protocolos clínicos mais eficazes e personalizados. Esperamos que essas descobertas inspirem futuras pesquisas e promovam melhorias significativas na prática clínica, com o objetivo final de proporcionar aos pacientes tratamentos mais seguros, previsíveis e eficazes para a regeneração tecidual dentária

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

CARACTERIZAÇÃO E OCORRÊNCIA DE CANDIDA EM PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A TRATAMENTO ANTINEOPLÁSICO DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5892/ruvrd.v13i1.1847

Os indivíduos portadores de neoplasias geralmente são submetidos à quimioterapia antineoplásica durante o tratamento. Entretanto, a dosagem e a frequência de utilização desses agentes quimioterápicos podem acarretar em severas complicações bucais para os sujeitos envolvidos, incluindo infecções por Candida. A maioria dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico apresentam manifestações orais, sendo a xerostomia a mais prevalente. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se traçar o perfil e avaliar a carga fúngica da mucosa oral de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Coletou-se uma amostra do raspado superficial da mucosa jugal de cada paciente e plaqueamento em o meio cromogênico. Nesse estudo foi possível observar que a xerostomia foi a manifestação oral mais prevalente nessa população. Dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico amostrados houve crescimento do gênero Candida em 66,7%; e na amostra controle (indivíduos sem a patologia) houve crescimento em 33,3%. Verificou-se estatisticamente que não houve associação entre a presença de Candida e a patologia, sendo o valor calculado de 6,64&lt; x² tag= 10,83.  A espécie Candida albicans foi predominante em 80,0% dos indivíduos em tratamento e 45,0% sem tratamento. A espécie Candida tropicalis, foi observada em 10,0% dos pacientes com câncer, não sendo relatada nos indivíduos do grupo controle. É necessário que os pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico recebam atenção e orientação especial dos profissionais de saúde sobre os possíveis efeitos secundários da terapia oncológica, como as lesões bucais causadas por levedura e os cuidados necessários para sua mitigaçã

Caracterização e ocorrência de candida em pacientes submetidos a tratamento antineoplásico

Os indivíduos portadores de neoplasias geralmente são submetidos à quimioterapia antineoplásica durante o tratamento. Entretanto, a dosagem e a frequência de utilização desses agentes quimioterápicos podem acarretar em severas complicações bucais para os sujeitos envolvidos, incluindo infecções por Candida. A maioria dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico apresentam manifestações orais, sendo a xerostomia a mais prevalente. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se traçar o perfil e avaliar a carga fúngica da mucosa oral de pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico. Coletou-se uma amostra do raspado superficial da mucosa jugal de cada paciente e plaqueamento em o meio cromogênico. Nesse estudo foi possível observar que a xerostomia foi a manifestação oral mais prevalente nessa população. Dos pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico amostrados houve crescimento do gênero Candida em 66,7%; e na amostra controle (indivíduos sem a patologia) houve crescimento em 33,3%. Verificou-se estatisticamente que não houve associação entre a presença de Candida e a patologia, sendo o valor calculado de 6,64< x² tag= 10,83.  A espécie Candida albicans foi predominante em 80,0% dos indivíduos em tratamento e 45,0% sem tratamento. A espécie Candida tropicalis, foi observada em 10,0% dos pacientes com câncer, não sendo relatada nos indivíduos do grupo controle. É necessário que os pacientes em tratamento quimioterápico recebam atenção e orientação especial dos profissionais de saúde sobre os possíveis efeitos secundários da terapia oncológica, como as lesões bucais causadas por levedura e os cuidados necessários para sua mitigaçã

Dissemination and teaching of Astronomy and Physics through informal approaches

<p></p><p>Abstract Astronomy is one of the oldest natural sciences and have been developed by different civilizations and with different purposes in the last millennia. In Brazil, several astronomical topics are teached in basic education, both at the fundamental and medium levels. In addition, the number of researches and activities about scientific dissemination and teaching in non-formal places is increasing. Educational activities and scientific dissemination in this context, if well done, can contribute to the socialization and popularization of astronomy knowledge. Besides that, they can help to improve the knowledge of teachers and students. In this way, the debate on the subject is important and should be instigated both in the non-academic context and in the scope of teacher and student training. In this way, a practical project of the Physics Department (CODAFIS) of the Federal Institute of Minas Gerais - Campus Ouro Preto (IFMG-OP) was started in 2011, offering observations and activities on Astronomy for the local population and neighboring cities. Since then, more than 7,000 people have attended the actions, which shows the large potential of the theme. Astronomy discussions naturally lead to Physics, when concepts and many other subjects can be treated in an applied way. In general, people are more interested in activities in this context than in traditional teaching environments. However, poorly designed or poorly developed activities can generate adverse reactions in the public, leading to dislike on the subject. Thus, this article's main objective is to identify elements that can culminate with the non-effectiveness of the observation activities. In addition, it seeks to identify parameters that are determinant for the success of the actions, in addition to sharing empirical knowledge obtained with the development of the project and to encourage groups, academic or otherwise, to develop similar astronomical activities in formal and non-formal educational environments and also in different regions of the country.</p><p></p