Estudo Fenomenológico Social da Ação Estratégica em um Arranjo Produtivo Local Moveleiro

The research carried out on the following strategic phenomenon, for the most part, the guidelines of the functionalist paradigm. This production has its relevance in the scientific community, however, does not cover the strategy in all its complexity. In this scenario, it is intended to address the strategy from the assumptions of social phenomenology, an online research study focused on the action. Social action is the experience of the phenomenon. For this, research is carried out "for reasons" and "why reasons" present in strategic action. The relevance of this study is to address the strategy as a phenomenon that exists because of the social subject, which may show that its essence transcends the limits of individuality, because thinking is based on the phenomenological social awareness of the existence of the other. Held semi-structured interviews with fourteen strategists operating in cluster of furniture Bento Gonçalves, and the data analyzed according to the phenomenological approach of Sanders (1982). As a result, it follows that the "why reasons" are the 'becoming' and expertise, and the "for reasons": the search for freedom in corporate decision making and building a legacy. We conclude that the meaning of strategic action is not isolated, being linked to several factors related to the existential project of the strategist.A pesquisa elaborada acerca do fenômeno estratégico segue, em sua maior parte, as orientações do paradigma funcionalista. Tal produção possui sua relevância no meio científico, todavia, não abarca a estratégia em toda a sua complexidade. Neste cenário, pretende-se abordar a estratégia a partir dos pressupostos da fenomenologia social, uma linha de investigação focada no estudo da ação. A ação social é a vivência do fenômeno. Para isto, são investigados os motivos ‘para’ e motivos ‘porque’ presentes na ação estratégica. A relevância deste estudo consiste em abordar a estratégia como um fenômeno que existe em função do sujeito social, podendo evidenciar que a sua essência transcende os limites da individualidade, pois o pensamento fenomenológico social se fundamenta na consciência da existência do outro. Realiza-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze estrategistas atuantes no arranjo produtivo local moveleiro de Bento Gonçalves, sendo os dados analisados segundo a abordagem fenomenológica de Sanders (1982). Como resultado, tem-se que os motivos ‘porque’ são: o ‘devir’ e a expertise e, os motivos ‘para’: a busca por liberdade na tomada de decisão empresarial e construção de um legado. Conclui-se que o significado da ação estratégica não é algo isolado, estando vinculado a vários fatores relacionados ao projeto existencial do estrategista. DOI:10.5585/riae.v12i3.186

Efficacy of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy on isokinetic muscle performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes, also known non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is the most prevalent type of the disease and involves defects in the secretion and action of insulin. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy of pre-exercise low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on muscle performance of the quadriceps femoris in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial will be carried out in two treatment phases. In the first phase, quadriceps muscle performance will be evaluated using an isokinetic dynamometer and the levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (biochemical markers of muscle damage) will be determined. The participants will then be allocated to four LLLT groups through a randomization process using opaque envelopes: Group A (4 Joules), Group B (6 Joules), Group C (8 Joules) and Group D (0 Joules; placebo). Following the administration of LLLT, the participants will be submitted to an isokinetic eccentric muscle fatigue protocol involving the quadriceps muscle bilaterally. Muscle performance and biochemical markers of muscle damage will be evaluated again immediately after as well as 24 and 48 hours after the experimental protocol. One week after the last evaluation the second phase will begin, during which Groups A, B and C will receive the LLLT protocol that achieved the best muscle performance in phase 1 for a period of 4 weeks. At the end of this period, muscle performance will be evaluated again. The protocol for this study is registered with the World Health Organization under Universal Trial Number U1111-1146-7109. DISCUSSION: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to evaluate the efficacy of pre-exercise LLLT on the performance of the quadriceps muscle (peak torque, total muscle work, maximum power and fatigue index – normalized by body mass) in individuals with DM-2. The study will support the practice of evidence-based to the use of LLLT in improving muscle performance in Individuals with DM-2. Data will be published after the study is completed

Estudo 3D da anatomia interna de caninos inferiores permanentes - análise por microtomografia computadorizada

Sabe-se que a falta de conhecimento da morfologia interna é uma das maiores causas de insucesso na terapia endodôntica. Pouco se sabe sobre as variações morfológicas radiculares que devem ser consideradas de interesse na Endodontia. Objetivo: avaliar a anatomia interna das raízes dos caninos inferiores permanentes por meio da análise de microtomografia computadorizada. Materiais e métodos: 30 dentes caninos inferiores permanentes foram incluídos na amostra e escaneados em um microtomógrafo SkyScan 1174 (SkyScan, Leuven, Bélgica) com pico de voltagem de 50 kV, amperagem de 800 mA. Após o escaneamento, estas imagens foram exportadas para o software NRecon Reconstruction (SkyScan, Leuven, Bélgica), no qual foram reconstruídas tridimensionalmente. As imagens foram transferidas ao software Mimics v. 18 (Materialise, Bélgica) para análise da anatomia interna das raízes dos caninos inferiores. Neste estudo, a anatomia interna e externa das raízes dos caninos inferiores foi avaliada de acordo com os canais radiculares e a forma do canal radicular. Foi utilizado o software R CRAN (open source) para a análise estatística. Foi realizada a análise descritiva por porcentagem para verificar o tipo de canal radicular mais frequente nos caninos inferiores. O nível de significância utilizado foi no valor de <0.05. Resultados e Conclusão: A anatomia interna dos caninos inferiores de maior frequência foi a de um único canal (canal tipo I). Em relação à configuração anatômica transversal, a forma circular prevaleceu nos terços cervical e apical. O sulco longitudinal radicular (fenda mesial radicular incompleta) esteve presente na maioria dos dentes avaliadosIt is known that the lack of knowledge of internal morphology is one of the major causes of failure in endodontic therapy. Little is known about the root morphological variations that should be considered of interest in Endodontics. Aim: to evaluate the internal anatomy of the roots of the permanent lower canines by means of the computerized microtomography analysis. Materials and methods: 30 permanent lower canine teeth were included in the sample and scanned in a SkyScan 1174 microtome (SkyScan, Leuven, Belgium) with a peak voltage of 50 kV, amperage of 800 mA. The images were exported to NRecon Reconstruction software (SkyScan, Leuven, Belgium), and reconstructed three-dimensionally. The images were transferred to Mimics v. 18 (Materialise, Belgium) software for analysis of the internal anatomy of the roots of the lower canines. In this study, the internal and external anatomy of the roots of the lower canines was evaluated according to the root canal system and the root canal shape. The R CRAN (open source) software was used for statistical analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed by percentage to verify the most frequent root canal type in the lower canines. The level of significance was <0.05. Results and Conclusions: The internal anatomy of lower canines of higher frequency was a single canal (type I canal). Regarding the anatomical configuration, the circular shape prevailed in the cervical third and apical third. The root longitudinal groove (incomplete root mesial cleft) was present in most of the evaluated teet

Estudo Fenomenológico Social da Ação Estratégica em um Arranjo Produtivo Local Moveleiro

The research carried out on the following strategic phenomenon, for the most part, the guidelines of the functionalist paradigm. This production has its relevance in the scientific community, however, does not cover the strategy in all its complexity. In this scenario, it is intended to address the strategy from the assumptions of social phenomenology, an online research study focused on the action. Social action is the experience of the phenomenon. For this, research is carried out "for reasons" and "why reasons" present in strategic action. The relevance of this study is to address the strategy as a phenomenon that exists because of the social subject, which may show that its essence transcends the limits of individuality, because thinking is based on the phenomenological social awareness of the existence of the other. Held semi-structured interviews with fourteen strategists operating in cluster of furniture Bento Gonçalves, and the data analyzed according to the phenomenological approach of Sanders (1982). As a result, it follows that the "why reasons" are the 'becoming' and expertise, and the "for reasons": the search for freedom in corporate decision making and building a legacy. We conclude that the meaning of strategic action is not isolated, being linked to several factors related to the existential project of the strategist.A pesquisa elaborada acerca do fenômeno estratégico segue, em sua maior parte, as orientações do paradigma funcionalista. Tal produção possui sua relevância no meio científico, todavia, não abarca a estratégia em toda a sua complexidade. Neste cenário, pretende-se abordar a estratégia a partir dos pressupostos da fenomenologia social, uma linha de investigação focada no estudo da ação. A ação social é a vivência do fenômeno. Para isto, são investigados os motivos ‘para’ e motivos ‘porque’ presentes na ação estratégica. A relevância deste estudo consiste em abordar a estratégia como um fenômeno que existe em função do sujeito social, podendo evidenciar que a sua essência transcende os limites da individualidade, pois o pensamento fenomenológico social se fundamenta na consciência da existência do outro. Realiza-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze estrategistas atuantes no arranjo produtivo local moveleiro de Bento Gonçalves, sendo os dados analisados segundo a abordagem fenomenológica de Sanders (1982). Como resultado, tem-se que os motivos ‘porque’ são: o ‘devir’ e a expertise e, os motivos ‘para’: a busca por liberdade na tomada de decisão empresarial e construção de um legado. Conclui-se que o significado da ação estratégica não é algo isolado, estando vinculado a vários fatores relacionados ao projeto existencial do estrategista. DOI:10.5585/riae.v12i3.186

Social Phenomenological Study of Strategic Action in the Cluster of Furniture

A pesquisa elaborada acerca do fenômeno estratégico segue, em sua maior parte, as orientações do paradigma funcionalista. Tal produção possui sua relevância no meio científico, todavia, não abarca a estratégia em toda a sua complexidade. Neste cenário, pretende-se abordar a estratégia a partir dos pressupostos da fenomenologia social, uma linha de investigação focada no estudo da ação. A ação social é a vivência do fenômeno. Para isto, são investigados os motivos ‘para’ e motivos ‘porque’ presentes na ação estratégica. A relevância deste estudo consiste em abordar a estratégia como um fenômeno que existe em função do sujeito social, podendo evidenciar que a sua essência transcende os limites da individualidade, pois o pensamento fenomenológico social se fundamenta na consciência da existência do outro. Realiza-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze estrategistas atuantes no arranjo produtivo local moveleiro de Bento Gonçalves, sendo os dados analisados segundo a abordagem fenomenológica de Sanders (1982). Como resultado, tem-se que os motivos ‘porque’ são: o ‘devir’ e a expertise e, os motivos ‘para’: a busca por liberdade na tomada de decisão empresarial e construção de um legado. Conclui-se que o significado da ação estratégica não é algo isolado, estando vinculado a vários fatores relacionados ao projeto existencial do estrategista. DOI:10.5585/riae.v12i3.1862The research carried out on the following strategic phenomenon, for the most part, the guidelines of the functionalist paradigm. This production has its relevance in the scientific community, however, does not cover the strategy in all its complexity. In this scenario, it is intended to address the strategy from the assumptions of social phenomenology, an online research study focused on the action. Social action is the experience of the phenomenon. For this, research is carried out "for reasons" and "why reasons" present in strategic action. The relevance of this study is to address the strategy as a phenomenon that exists because of the social subject, which may show that its essence transcends the limits of individuality, because thinking is based on the phenomenological social awareness of the existence of the other. Held semi-structured interviews with fourteen strategists operating in cluster of furniture Bento Gonçalves, and the data analyzed according to the phenomenological approach of Sanders (1982). As a result, it follows that the "why reasons" are the 'becoming' and expertise, and the "for reasons": the search for freedom in corporate decision making and building a legacy. We conclude that the meaning of strategic action is not isolated, being linked to several factors related to the existential project of the strategist

Social phenomenological study of strategic action in the cluster of furniture.

A pesquisa elaborada acerca do fen?meno estrat?gico segue, em sua maior parte, as orienta??es do paradigma funcionalista. Tal produ??o possui sua relev?ncia no meio cient?fico, todavia, n?o abarca a estrat?gia em toda a sua complexidade. Neste cen?rio, pretende-se abordar a estrat?gia a partir dos pressupostos da fenomenologia social, uma linha de investiga??o focada no estudo da a??o. A a??o social ? a viv?ncia do fen?meno. Para isto, s?o investigados os motivos ?para? e motivos ?porque? presentes na a??o estrat?gica. A relev?ncia deste estudo consiste em abordar a estrat?gia como um fen?meno que existe em fun??o do sujeito social, podendo evidenciar que a sua ess?ncia transcende os limites da individualidade, pois o pensamento fenomenol?gico social se fundamenta na consci?ncia da exist?ncia do outro. Realiza-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze estrategistas atuantes no arranjo produtivo local moveleiro de Bento Gon?alves - RS, sendo os dados analisados segundo a abordagem fenomenol?gica de Sanders (1982). Como resultado, tem-se que os motivos ?porque? s?o: o ?devir? e a expertise e, os motivos ?para?: a busca por liberdade na tomada de decis?o empresarial e constru??o de um legado. Conclui-se que o significado da a??o estrat?gica n?o ? algo isolado, estando vinculado a v?rios fatores relacionados ao projeto existencial do estrategista.The research carried out on the following strategic phenomenon, for the most part, the guidelines of the functionalist paradigm. This production has its relevance in the scientific community, however, does not cover the strategy in all its complexity. In this scenario, it is intended to address the strategy from the assumptions of social phenomenology, an online research study focused on the action. Social action is the experience of the phenomenon. For this, research is carried out "for reasons" and "why reasons" present in strategic action. The relevance of this study is to address the strategy as a phenomenon that exists because of the social subject, which may show that its essence transcends the limits of individuality, because thinking is based on the phenomenological social awareness of the existence of the other. Held semi-structured interviews with fourteen strategists operating in cluster of furniture Bento Gon?alves, and the data analyzed according to the phenomenological approach of Sanders (1982). As a result, it follows that the "why reasons" are the 'becoming' and expertise, and the "for reasons": the search for freedom in corporate decision making and building a legacy. We conclude that the meaning of strategic action is not isolated, being linked to several factors related to the existential project of the strategist

A fenomenologia social na pesquisa em estratégia.

A investigação científica em estratégia vem passando, no decorrer do tempo, por transformações que podem ser analisadas como uma evolução da produção do conhecimento nesse campo. Tal evolução processa-se via tentativa de formulação de um saber estratégico voltado para organizações e ambientes dinâmicos. Dessa forma, o conhecimento estratégico elaborado até o momento relaciona-se com várias ferramentas para auxiliar o gestor no processo de tomada de decisão. Todavia, observam-se outras dimensões na estratégia, as quais existem por si e em si mesmas, mas que, por variados motivos, são exploradas de maneira pouco aprofundada, como o estrategista. Isso se dá não por desinteresse dos pesquisadores, mas por necessidades de natureza prática, que são orientadas pelo modo de produção capitalista – ideologia. Isso ocorre quando a ciência estuda a realidade posta e não a origem ou os primeiros princípios. Dessa forma, investiga-se, neste trabalho, como se processa a pesquisa em estratégia, com a constatação do predomínio de uma visão funcionalista na pesquisa sobre esse fenômeno. Diante desse contexto, emerge a necessidade de abordar o tema a partir de outras perspectivas, como a interpretativa. Pretende-se propor outro modo de acesso ao fenômeno estratégico a partir do emprego da fenomenologia social. Tal vertente, que pertence à orientação paradigmática interpretativa, trata de questões como intersubjetividade, alter ego, mundo da vida, processo de significação, tipificação, conduta e ação social, teoria da motivação e construção de esquemas típicos – ideias que apresentam grande potencial de contribuição para o avanço da compreensão holística da estratégia. O paradigma interpretativo oferece algo a mais à estratégia, buscando conhecer o fenômeno estratégico à luz da subjetividade do estrategista, considerando tanto sua racionalidade substantiva quanto sua experiência de vida. Destaca-se que esse olhar é uma proposta de aprofundamento dos estudos a partir de outra linha paradigmática de pesquisa, não apresentando tal orientação maior ou menor relevância que a linha vigente funcionalista. Portanto, neste trabalho, pretende-se contribuir para o avanço das pesquisas em estratégia, ainda que seu escopo seja propedêutico, elaborando uma proposta de abordagem inovadora do fenômeno estratégico.Scientific research in strategy, over time, has undergone transformations that can be analyzed as a trend in the production of knowledge in this field. This evolution takes place via the attempt to formulate a strategic knowledge toward for dynamics organizations and environments. Thus, the strategic knowledge developed so far is related to several tools to assist managers in decision-making process. However, there is strategy in other dimensions that exist per se and in themselves, but for various reasons are explored so little depth, as the strategist. This happens not for lack of interest among researchers, but by the needs of a practical nature, which are driven by the capitalist mode of production - ideology. This occurs when science studies the reality brought, not the origin or first principles. Thus, this paper investigates how the process strategy research, with the finding of the predominance of a functionalist view of research on this phenomenon. Given this context, emerged the need to to approach the topic from other perspectives, such as interpretation, for example. Thus, we intend to propose a other way to access the phenomenon from the strategic use of social phenomenology. This aspect, which belongs to the interpretative guidance paradigm, addressing issues such as intersubjectivity, alter ego, the world of life, the process of signification, typification, behavior and social action, motivation theory, construction of schemes typical ideas that have great potential to contribute to advance the understanding of the holistic strategy. The interpretive paradigm offers something extra to the strategy seeking to understand the phenomenon in light of the strategic strategist of subjectivity, considering his substantive rationality and life experience. It is noteworthy that this look is a proposal for further studies from other line of research paradigm. This approach did not show greater or lesser relevance to the current functionalist line. Therefore, this study intends to contribute to the advancement of research in strategy, although its scope is introductory, developing an innovative approach to the proposed strategic phenomenon

Effect of splinting in accuracy of two implants impression techniques

Because there is no consensus in the literature about the need for a splint between copings, the aim of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the accuracy of 2 impression techniques for implant-supported prostheses. A master cast was fabricated with four parallel implant abutment analogs and a passive framework. Two groups with 5 casts each were formed: Group 1 (squared impression copings with no splint: S) and Group 2 (splinted squared impression copings, using metal drill burs and Pattern resin: SS). The impression material used was polyvinyl siloxane with open trays for standard preparation of the casts. For each cast, the framework was positioned, and a titanium screw was tightened with 10 N·cm torque in analog A, after which measurements of the abutment-framework interface gaps were performed at analogs C and D. This process was repeated for analog D. These measurements were analyzed using software. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a confidence interval of 95% was used to analyze the data. Significant differences were detected between S and SS in relation to the master cast (P ≤ 0.05). The median values of the abutment-framework interface gaps were as follows: master cast: 39.64 μm; squared impression copings with no splint: 205.86 μm; splinted squared impression copings: 99.19 μm. Under the limitations of this study, the technique presented for Group 2 produces better results compared with the technique used for Group 1.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

What is the ideal dose and power output of low-level laser therapy (810 nm) on muscle performance and post-exercise recovery? Study protocol for a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Recent studies involving phototherapy applied prior to exercise have demonstrated positive results regarding the attenuation of muscle fatigue and the expression of biochemical markers associated with recovery. However, a number of factors remain unknown, such as the ideal dose and application parameters, mechanisms of action and long-term effects on muscle recovery. The aims of the proposed project are to evaluate the long-term effects of low-level laser therapy on post-exercise musculoskeletal recovery and identify the best dose and application power/irradiation time. Design and methods: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial with be conducted. After fulfilling the eligibility criteria, 28 high-performance athletes will be allocated to four groups of seven volunteers each. In phase 1, the laser power will be 200 mW and different doses will be tested: Group A (2 J), Group B (6 J), Group C (10 J) and Group D (0 J). In phase 2, the best dose obtained in phase 1 will be used with the same distribution of the volunteers, but with different powers: Group A (100 mW), Group B (200 mW), Group C (400 mW) and Group D (0 mW). The isokinetic test will be performed based on maximum voluntary contraction prior to the application of the laser and after the eccentric contraction protocol, which will also be performed using the isokinetic dynamometer. The following variables related to physical performance will be analyzed: peak torque/maximum voluntary contraction, delayed onset muscle soreness (algometer), biochemical markers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress. Discussion: Our intention, is to determine optimal laser therapy application parameters capable of slowing down the physiological muscle fatigue process, reducing injuries or micro-injuries in skeletal muscle stemming from physical exertion and accelerating post-exercise muscle recovery. We believe that, unlike drug therapy, LLLT has a biphasic dose–response pattern