Photoswitching Mechanism of Cyanine Dyes

Photoswitchable fluorescent probes have been used in recent years to enable super-resolution fluorescence microscopy by single-molecule imaging.1-6 Among these probes are red carbocyanine dyes, which can be reversibly photoconverted between a fluorescent state and a dark state for hundreds of cycles, yielding several thousand detected photons per switching cycle, before permanent photobleaching occurs.7,8 While these properties make them excel-lent probes for super-resolution imaging, the mechanism by which cyanine dyes are photoconverted has yet to be determined. Such an understanding could prove useful for creating new photoswit-chable probes with improved properties. The photoconversion of red cyanine dyes into their dark states occurs upon illumination by red light and is facilitated by a primary thiol in solution,7,9 whereas agents with a secondary thiol do not support photoswitching. These observations suggest that the reactiv

The 2015 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue and Molecular Biology Database Collection

The 2015 Nucleic Acids Research Database Issue contains 172 papers that include descriptions of 56 new molecular biology databases, and updates on 115 databases whose descriptions have been pre-viously published in NAR or other journals. Fol-lowing the classification that has been introduced last year in order to simplify navigation of the en-tire issue, these articles are divided into eight sub-ject categories. This year’s highlights include RNA-central, an international community portal to vari-ous databases on noncoding RNA; ValidatorDB, a validation database for protein structures and their ligands; SASBDB, a primary repository for small-angle scattering data of various macromolecular complexes; MoonProt, a database of ‘moonlighting’ proteins, and two new databases of protein–protein and other macromolecular complexes, ComPPI and the Complex Portal. This issue also includes an un-usually high number of cancer-related databases and other databases dedicated to genomic basics of dis-ease and potential drugs and drug targets. The size of NAR online Molecular Biology Database Collec-tion

Is a view of green spaces from home associated with a lower risk of anxiety and depression?

Although a large body of research supports the theory that exposure to nature results in mental health benefits, research evidence on the effects of having a view of green space from home is still scarce. The aim of the present study is to assess the impact that access to a green space view from home has on anxiety and depression. This is a cross-sectional study extracting data from the “2018 Green Spaces, Daily Habits and Urban Health Survey” conducted in Carmona (Spain). The study included variables on sociodemographic and lifestyle, view of green spaces from home, self-perceived health status, and risk of anxiety and depression measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Chi-square tests were used to assess variable’s associations and a multiple linear regression models used to identify the variables explaining the risk of anxiety and depression, taking into account sociodemographic characteristics, frequency of visits and view of green spaces from home. According to our results, adults who enjoy a view of green spaces from home have a lower risk of anxiety and depression

Ag₂S Quantum Dot-Sensitized Solar Cells by First Principles: The Effect of Capping Ligands and Linkers

Quantum dots solar cells, QDSCs, are one of the candidates for being a reliable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the well-studied CdSe and CdTe-based QDSCs present a variety of issues for their use in consumer-goods applications. Silver sulfide, Ag₂S, is a promising material, but poor efficiency has been reported for QDSCs based on this compound. The potential influence of each component of QDSCs is critical and key for the development of more efficient devices based on Ag₂S. In this work, density functional theory calculations were performed to study the nature of the optoelectronic properties for an anatase-TiO₂(101) surface sensitized with different silver sulfide nanoclusters. We demonstrated how it is possible to deeply tune of its electronic properties by modifying the capping ligands and linkers to the surface. Finally, an analysis of the electron injection mechanism for this system is presented

Di-d-fructose dianhydride-enriched caramels : effect on colon microbiota, inflammation, and tissue damage in trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitic rats

9 páginas, 8 figuras, 3 tablas.In the present study we describe the preparation and chemical characterization of a caramel with a high (70%) content of difructose dianhydrides (DFAs) and glycosylated derivatives (DFAs). This product was obtained by thermal activation (90 °C) of highly concentrated (90% w/v) aqueous d-fructose solutions using the sulfonic acid ion-exchange resin Lewatit S2328 as caramelization catalyst. DFAs represent a unique family of cyclic fructans with prebiotic properties already present in low proportions (<15%) in commercial caramel. We report the antiinflammatory activity of the new DFA-enriched caramel in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) model of rat colitis, an experimental model that resembles human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and compare its effects with those obtained with a commercial sucrose caramel and with linear fructooligosaccharides (FOS). For this purpose, the effects on colon tissue damage, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production, and different inflammatory markers were evaluated. The administration of DFA-enriched caramel to colitic rats showed intestinal antiinflammatory effect, as evidenced macroscopically by a significant reduction in the extent of the colonic damage induced by TNBS. This effect was similar to that obtained with FOS in the same experimental settings, whereas commercial caramel was devoid of any significant antiinflammatory effect. The beneficial effect was associated with the inhibition of the colonic levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and the reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. The DFA-enriched caramel also promoted a more favorable intestinal microbiota, increasing lactobacilli and bifidobacteria counts as well as inducing higher concentrations of SCFAs in the luminal colonic contents. These results reinforce the concept of DFAs and glycosyl-DFAs as dietary beneficial compounds with prebiotic properties and suggest that the novel DFA-enriched caramel here reported may be an interesting candidate to be explored for the dietary treatment of human IBD.We thank the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (contract numbers CTQ2007-61180/PPQ, CTQ2006-15515-C02-01/BQU, and SAF2008-02616) and the Junta de Andalucía for financial support (CTS 164). E.S.-P. is a “Project of Excellence” Fellow (Junta de Andalucía; contract number P06-AGR-02150). CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III.Peer reviewe

La Cueva del Sidrón (Piloña). Campañas de excavación e investigación 2007-2012

Se presentan las intervenciones arqueo- lógicas en la Cueva del Sidrón y las investigaciones derivadas, durante las campañas de 2007 a 2012 las actuaciones se han organizado en los ámbitos de la Arqueología, Geología, Antropología, Paleogenética y Paleobiología.The archaeological interventions in Sidron Cave are presented and derivative research, bells during 2007-2012 performances are organized in the fields of Archaeology, Geology, Anthropology, Palaeogenetics and Paleobiology

info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Highly substituted benzene derivatives have been easily prepared in a regioselective way from readily available 1,3-hexadien-5-ynes through a gold(I)-catalyzed tandem reaction. The process involves an initial cyclization followed by a selective Wagner-Meerwein shift in which the migration preference seems to be determined by the ability to stabilize a positive chargeMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) and FEDER (CTQ2010-15358 and CTQ2009-09949/BQU) and Junta de Castilla y Leon (BU021A09 and GR-172) for financial suport. A.M. S. thanks Junta de Castilla y Leon for a predoctoral fellowship. P.G.-G. and M.A.F.-R. thank MICINN for "Juan de la Cierva" and "Ramon y Cajal" contractsMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovacion (MICINN) and FEDER (CTQ2010-15358 and CTQ2009-09949/BQU) and Junta de Castilla y Leon (BU021A09 and GR-172) for financial suport. A.M. S. thanks Junta de Castilla y Leon for a predoctoral fellowship. P.G.-G. and M.A.F.-R. thank MICINN for "Juan de la Cierva" and "Ramon y Cajal" contractsThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Organic letters, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher

Measurement of charged pion, kaon, and proton production in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Transverse momentum spectra of charged pions, kaons, and protons are measured in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC. The particles, identified via their energy loss in the silicon tracker, are measured in the transverse momentum range of pT ∼ 0.1-1.7 GeV/c and rapidities /y/ &lt; 1. The pT spectra and integrated yields are compared to previous results at smaller √s and to predictions of Monte Carlo event generators. The average pT increases with particle mass and charged particle multiplicity of the event. Comparisons with previous CMS results at √s = 0.9, 2.76, and 7 TeV show that the average pT and the ratios of hadron yields feature very similar dependences on the particle multiplicity in the event, independently of the center-of-mass energy of the pp collision