LA HISTORIA LOCAL: LOS MAPAS Y EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA HISTORIA/LOCAL HISTORY: MAPS AND HISTORY LEARNING

El artículo tiene como objetivo socializar sistema de actividades sustentado en habilidades cartográficas para el aprendizaje de hechos y lugares históricos locales por los escolares de 5. Grado, desde la asignatura de Historia de Cuba, a partir de las necesidades objetivas descubiertas en los estudiantes. En su concepción se optó por una investigación de corte cualitativo, se combinaron diversos métodos; el enfoque dialéctico-materialista como método general, análisis documental, observación participante y matemáticos, los que permitieron constatar que no se aprovechan las potencialidades que ofrecen los alumnos de estas edades, en cuyo modelo actual se apoya la investigación. La bibliografía utilizada garantizó obtener los elementos necesarios para  elaborar las actividades que despertaran en los estudiantes habilidades cartográficas para el aprendizaje de hechos y lugares históricos locales

Análisis de los Premios Nacionales Vicente Ferrer como instrumento para alcanzar el objetivo nº4 del Desarrollo Sostenible

The research ‘Analysis of the Vicente Ferrer National Awards as an instrument to achieve the nº4 goal of Sustainable Development’ aims to study the current dimensions of the concept of Education for Sustainable Development, deepen its pedagogy and show the involvement of Spanish educational centres and their teachers in Education for Development through the Vicente Ferrer awards. After having surveyed 174 teachers and analysed the data obtained, it is inferred that the implementation of Education for Development in Spanish classrooms has been carried out effectively and efficiently so far. In addition, the data indicate that teachers are increasingly qualified in this area but few have seen their efforts rewarded. However, the text highlights that it is essential that, before joining teaching, future teachers and professors have a Higher Education that provides them with the necessary tools to incorporate skills related to Education for Sustainable Development in the classroom.La investigación ‘Análisis de los premios nacionales Vicente Ferrer como instrumento para alcanzar el objetivo nº4 del Desarrollo Sostenible’ pretende estudiar las dimensiones actuales del concepto de Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible, profundizar sobre su pedagogía y mostrar la implicación de los centros educativos españoles y sus docentes en la Educación para el Desarrollo a través de los galardones Vicente Ferrer. Tras haber encuestado a 174 docentes y analizado los datos obtenidos, se infiere que la implantación de la Educación para el Desarrollo en las aulas españolas se ha conseguido realizar de una forma eficaz y eficiente hasta el momento. Además, los datos indican que los docentes están cada vez más cualificados en esta materia pero pocos han visto premiado su esfuerzo. Sin embargo, el texto destaca que es imprescindible que, antes de incorporarse a la docencia, los futuros maestros y profesores cuenten con una Educación Superior que les aporte las herramientas necesarias para incorporar competencias vinculadas a la Educación para el Desarrollo Sostenible en las aulas

Clinical and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Patients With Relapsed and/or Refractory Multiple Myeloma and Their influence on Treatment in the Real-World Setting in Spain: The CharisMMa Study

Introduction: Treatment of relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) should be established based on multiple factors, including previous treatment and the sociodemographic/clinical characteristics of the patients. However, patients enrolled in randomized-controlled trials often do not mirror the scenario encountered in real-world practice, thus challenging therapeutic decisions in day-to-day practice. Patients and methods: This observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study aimed to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients with RRMM treated in routine practice in Spain and their influence on treatment regimens. Results: The study included 276 RRMM patients (median age 69 years; no gender predominance). Seventy-four percent of patients had CRAB features at the time of study inclusion, 65.9% bone lesions, 28.7% high-risk cytogenetics, and 27.0% were at ISS stage III; 65.1% were retired and lived in urban areas (75.7%) with their relatives (85.8%); 28.7% had some dependence degree. Patients had experienced their last relapse in a median of 1.61 months before enrollment and had received a median of 2 treatment lines (range 1-10). Second-and third-line therapies were mostly based on immunomodulatory drugs, followed by proteasome inhibitors (PIs), whereas monoclonal antibodies prevailed in later treatment lines. The presence of extramedullary plasmacytomas, the absence of osteopenia, and being in the second or third treatment line (vs. later lines) significantly increased the odds of receiving PIs. Conclusions: RRMM treatment in the real-world setting is highly heterogeneous and is primarily influenced by the number of previous lines. The consideration of patients' clinical and sociodemographic characteristics may support clinicians in making therapeutic decisions

Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of EORTC QLQ-MY20 and evaluation of health-related quality of Life outcomes in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma in the real-world setting in Spain: results from the CharisMMa study

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) specific quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire module (QLQ-MY20) in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients. This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study using EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-MY20 in RRMM patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03188536). We assessed the non-response rate, ceiling/floor effects, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity. The study included 276 patients (53.3% males, mean [SD] age of 67.4 [10.5] years). The EORTC QLQ-MY20 showed a low non-response rate, very low ceiling and floor effects, and good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability assessment revealed good temporary stability, the construct validity analysis stated four main factors similar to the ones of the original version, and the criterion validity assessment showed no differences between groups. In conclusion, the Spanish version of EORTC QLQ-MY20 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing QoL in RRMM patientsEl estudio fue patrocinado y financiado por Takeda Farmacéutica Españ

Assessment of the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of EORTC QLQ-MY20 and evaluation of health-related quality of Life outcomes in patients with relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma in the real-world setting in Spain: results from the CharisMMa study

We evaluated the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) specific quality-of-life (QoL) questionnaire module (QLQ-MY20) in relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) patients. This was an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study using EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-MY20 in RRMM patients (ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT03188536). We assessed the non-response rate, ceiling/floor effects, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity. The study included 276 patients (53.3% males, mean [SD] age of 67.4 [10.5] years). The EORTC QLQ-MY20 showed a low non-response rate, very low ceiling and floor effects, and good internal consistency. The test-retest reliability assessment revealed good temporary stability, the construct validity analysis stated four main factors similar to the ones of the original version, and the criterion validity assessment showed no differences between groups. In conclusion, the Spanish version of EORTC QLQ-MY20 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing QoL in RRMM patients.The study was sponsored and funded by Takeda Farmacéutica España.Peer reviewe

Efecto del bioestimulante Enerplant® en la aclimatización ex vitro de plantas propagadas in vitro de caña de azúcar cv. C97-445

Las plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) son susceptibles a los cambios ambientales en la fase de aclimatización lo cual afecta su crecimiento y desarrollo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del bioestimulante Enerplant® en el la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar cv. C97-445  en la aclimatización ex vitro. Se evaluaron tres disoluciones (0.6, 0.8 y 1.0 ml l-1) de Enerplant® y se comparó con el bioestimulante VIUSID Agro® 0.8 ml l-1. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones diarias, los primeros tres días y posteriormente una vez por semana. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en época de seca. Las variables evaluadas fueron la supervivencia a los 15 días y las morfo-fisiológicas a los 55 días después del trasplante. Se comprobó que la aplicación de Enerplant® incrementa la supervivencia de las plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar y mejora su crecimiento. El tratamiento con 0.8 ml l-1 de este bioestimulante tuvo el mayor efecto en el crecimiento de las plantas in vitro en condiciones de aclimatización ex vitro.Las plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.) son susceptibles a los cambios ambientales en la fase de aclimatización lo cual afecta su crecimiento y desarrollo. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del bioestimulante Enerplant® en la supervivencia y el crecimiento de plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar cv. C97-445 en la aclimatización ex vitro. Se evaluaron tres disoluciones (0.6, 0.8 y 1.0 ml l-1) de Enerplant® y se comparó con el bioestimulante VIUSID-Agro® 0.8 ml l-1. Se realizaron dos aplicaciones diarias, los primeros tres días y posteriormente una vez por semana. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en época de seca. Las variables evaluadas fueron la supervivencia a los 15 días y las morfofisiológicas a los 55 días después del trasplante. Se comprobó que la aplicación de Enerplant® incrementa la supervivencia de las plantas in vitro de caña de azúcar y mejora su crecimiento. El tratamiento con 0.8 ml l-1 de este bioestimulante tuvo el mayor efecto en el crecimiento de las plantas in vitro en condiciones de aclimatización ex vitro

Effect of Enerplant® biostimulant on ex vitro acclimatization of in vitro propagated sugarcane plants cv. C97-4450

In vitro sugarcane plants (Saccharum spp.) are susceptible to environmental changes in theacclimatization phase, which affects their growth and development. The objective of thiswork was to evaluate the effect of the biostimulant Enerplant® on the survival and growth ofin vitro plants of sugarcane cv. C97-445 inex vitro acclimatization. Three solutions (0.6, 0.8and 1.0 ml l-1) of Enerplant® were evaluated and compared with the biostimulant VIUSID Agro®0.8 ml l-1. Two daily applications were made, the first three days after transplant and thenonce a week. The experiments were carried out in the dry season. The variables evaluatedwere survival at 15 days and morphophysiological at 55 days after transplantation. It wasverified that the application of Enerplant® increases the survival of sugarcanein vitroplantsand improves their growth. Treatment with 0.8 ml l-1 of this biostimulant had the greatest effect onin vitroplant growth underex vitro acclimatization conditions

Real-World Health Care Services Utilization Associated With the Management of Patients With Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma in Spain: The CharisMMa Study

[Background]: Most patients with multiple myeloma (MM) relapse or become refractory, resulting in high health care costs. However, real-world data regarding the utilization of health care services among the relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM) population are scarce.[Methods]: Observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study of the utilization of health care services by RRMM patients who had relapsed within the previous 6 months in Spain in a real-world setting. Data were collected from the clinical records and during a single structured interview and included sociodemographic and clinical characteristics at last relapse, the treatment and health care services nature, and were presented using descriptive statistics.[Results]: The 276 patients enrolled (53.3% males), with a mean [SD] age of 67.4 [10.5] years, had experienced their most recent relapse a median (IQR) of 1.61 (0.74, 3.14) months before entering the study. Patients lived a median (IQR) of 9.0 (3.0, 30.0) km away from the hospital and visited the hospital a median (IQR) of 3.0 (2.0, 5.0) times/month to receive treatment for their most recent relapse. They spent a median (IQR) of 15.84 (5.0, 42.0) euros/month on transportation. Since their most recent relapse, most patients had been admitted to a hospital unit (n = 155, 56.2%), had required ≥1 diagnostic tests (n = 227, 82.2%), and had consulted the hematologist (n = 270, 97.8%) a mean (SD) of 5.5 (5.4) times. In half of the visits, patients were accompanied by an actively working caregiver (n = 112, 54.4%).[Conclusions]: RRMM treatments are associated with a high utilization of health care services and pose a significant burden for patients and caregivers.The study was sponsored and funded by Takeda Farmacéutica España.Peer reviewe

Risk factors and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies

Background: Prognostic factors of poor outcome in patients with hematological malignancies and COVID-19 are poorly defned. Patients and methods: This was a Spanish transplant group and cell therapy (GETH) multicenter retrospective observational study, which included a large cohort of blood cancer patients with laboratory-confrmed SARS-CoV-2 infection through PCR assays from March 1st 2020 to May 15th 2020. Results: We included 367 pediatric and adult patients with hematological malignancies, including recipients of autologous (ASCT) (n=58) or allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) (n=65) from 41 hospitals in Spain. Median age of patients was 64 years (range 1-93.8). Recipients of ASCT and allo-SCT showed lower mortality rates (17% and 18%, respectively) compared to non-SCT patients (31%) (p=0.02). Prognostic factors identifed for day 45 overall mortality (OM) by logistic regression multivariate analysis included age>70 years [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% con‑ fdence interval (CI) 1.2-3.8, p=0.011]; uncontrolled hematological malignancy (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.6-5.2, p20 mg/dL (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4, p<0.0001). In multivariate analysis of 216 patients with very severe COVID-19, treatment with azithromycin or low dose corticosteroids was associated with lower OM (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.2-0.89 and OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.11-0.87, respectively, p=0.02) whereas the use of hidroxycloroquine did not show signifcant improvement in OM (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.37-1.1, P=0.1). Conclusions: In most patients with hematological malignancies COVID-19 mortality was directly driven by older age, disease status, performance status, as well as by immune (neutropenia) parameters and level of infammation (high CRP). Use of azithromycin and low dose corticosteroids may be of value in very severe COVID-19