El discurso del profesorado del área de Lengua y Literatura ante la transmisión de géneros en la Educación Secundaria

En este artículo analizamos el discurso sexista/ideológico del profesorado de Educación Secundaria de la Región de Murcia en el área de Lengua y Literatura Castellanas. Para ello, presentamos un marco teórico donde se analizan las relaciones entre lenguaje, sexismo e ideología en la educación: el lenguaje como instrumento que configura categorías de pensamiento sociales y personales contingentes ("sólo existe aquello que se nombra") y contribuye a su difusión y perpetuación social. El carácter inconsciente (y por ello más efectivo) que ofrece el sexismo en el lenguaje y cómo el profesorado mantiene posturas sexistas, aunque piense lo contrario (...); y todo ello, desde un modelo cultural androcéntrico que jerarquiza las diferencias de género. Desde el análisis de las respuestas emitidas, por esta población de estudio al cuestionario, se observa que todavía sigue siendo necesaria una formación inicial y permanente del mismo sobre "Educación para la igualdad de oportunidades entre ambos sexos".In this article we analize the teachers of Secundary Education (Murcia) sexlinked/ideologic speech in Literature and Language area. To do it, we present a theoretical framework where relations between language, sexism and ideology are analized: language as a tool that configures contingents categories (social and personal) of thinking (only exists the thing that can be mention) and contributes to spread and perpetuate them. The unconscious character (and for that, more effective) that offers sexism in language, and how teachers keep sexism positions, although is thinked the opposite; and all it, from a cultural model pointed in the man that hierarchizes gender differences. From the analysis of the emited answers, by this studied population, is noticed that is necessary a initial formation about “Education for Equality of opportunities between both sexes”

The psychometric properties of the Parenting Scale for Spanish mothers with children aged between 2 and 7 years

Purpose:This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Parenting Scale in a large sample of Spanish mothers. Design and methods: A two-stage cross-sectional study of the adaptation and cultural validation of the Parenting Scale in a Spanish-speaking environment. In Stage I, the Parenting Scale was translated and back-translated and its semantic, linguistic, and contextual equivalence was assessed. In Stage II, the Spanish-language version was validated after its application to 662 Spanish mothers with healthy children aged between 2 and 7 years. Several factor structure models of the Parenting Scale were compared by confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also examined. Results: The model of Irvine et al. (1999) presented the best fit to our data. This model demonstrated adequate reliability (internal consistency and stability). The total score and each factor of the Parenting Scale correlated positively with perceived stress in mothers, difficulties in mother-child bonding and child hyperactivity, and negatively with child prosocial behavior. Conclusions: The Spanish version of the Parenting Scale is a valid and reliable measure that can be used by healthcare professionals and scientists to assess dysfunctional parenting in Spanish mothers of children aged 2 to 7 years. Practice implications: This study will allow the use of the Parenting Scale in epidemiological and cross-cultural studies in a variety of applied contexts. Additionally, health professionals who work with families in Spain will have access to a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of mothers' parenting styles

A New Methodology for Building-Up a Robust Model for Heliostat Field Flux Characterization

The heliostat field of solar central receiver systems (SCRS) is formed by hundreds, even thousands, of working heliostats. Their adequate configuration and control define a currently active research line. For instance, automatic aiming methodologies of existing heliostat fields are being widely studied. In general, control techniques require a model of the system to be controlled in order to obtain an estimation of its states. However, this kind of information may not be available or may be hard to obtain for every plant to be studied. In this work, an innovative methodology for data-based analytical heliostat field characterization is proposed and described. It formalizes the way in which the behavior of a whole field can be derived from the study of its more descriptive parts. By successfully applying this procedure, the instantaneous behavior of a field could be expressed by a reduced set of expressions that can be seen as a field descriptor. It is not intended to replace real experimentation but to enhance researchers’ autonomy to build their own reliable and portable synthetic datasets at preliminary stages of their work. The methodology proposed in this paper is successfully applied to a virtual field. Only 30 heliostats out of 541 were studied to characterize the whole field. For the validation set, the average difference in power between the flux maps directly fitted from the measured information and the estimated ones is only of 0.67% (just 0.10946 kW/m2 of root-mean-square error, on average, between them). According to these results, a consistent field descriptor can be built by applying the proposed methodology, which is hence ready for use

Simulation of a biorefinery process as learning tool in chemical engineering degree

Currently, the search for alternative biomass to be used as renewable sources for energy production is one of the most important challenges to achieve a sustainable growth based on a bioeconomy strategy (Mendes et al., 2009). In this context, lignocellulosic waste are a renewable, clean, inexpensive and with high availability for the manufacture of biofuels. In this sense, the main objective of this study was the simulation and design of engineering processes that allows the valorization of lignocellulosic waste and the obtaining of biofuels as alternative to fossil fuels. This goal implies the practical application of the theoretical knowledge acquired by the student during the chemical engineering degree. Specifically, the students designed and simulated a biorefinery process that consisted of a Kraft pulping process as starting point of two main lines of production: (1) Process I: production of bioethanol and (2) Process II: direct and indirect production of dimethylether (DME), both from lignocellulosic biomass (Fig.1). Two commercial simulation packages, ASPEN HYSYS® and UNISIM were used to simulate the production of dimethylether and bioethanol, respectively. The first step was determining a strategic situation for the installation of the biorefinery. The central area of Andalusia (between the municipalities of Lucena and Antequera) was considered the most adequate area to develop the installation of the biorefinery plant after evaluating the biomass available inside of 100 kms of distance around this place. Specifically, different biomass mixtures were considered in order to ensure the viability of a constant inlet flow of biomass in the biorefinery. In function of this inlet flow of biomass, the installations were designed and dimensioned in each stage of the process. The student carried out a wide revision of state of the art to decide the most adequate processes among different alternatives to obtain dimethylether and bioethanol. The different stages selected as the most adequate in each line of the process can be observed in Fig.1. Moreover, the students evaluated the different alternatives for the valorisation and optimization of the by-products generated in each stage of the process in order to minimize the consuming of chemical compounds and energy requirements. Therefore, the students learnt to develop a real engineering process more sustainable and friendly with the environment. To sum up, the used of programs to simulate the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass in biofuels, such as, bioethanol or dimethylether, which is a process with several social, environmental and economic advantages, was an interesting learning tool for students of chemical engineering degree. Keywords Bioethanol, design, dimethylether, Kraft pulping process, simulations. References Mendes, C.V.T., Carvalho, M.G.V.S., Baptista, C.M.S.G., Rocha, J.M.S., Soares, B.I.G., Sousa, G.D.A., 2009. Valorisation of hardwood hemicelluloses in the kraft pulping process by using an integrated biorefinery concept. Food Bioproduct Process 87:197–207.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech MINECO: Proyecto CTQ2015-68654-

Effect of Myrtle (Myrtus communis) Extracts on Storage Stability of Chicken Frankfurters

The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of water myrtle extracts (0.25 and 0.50%) were investigated against lipid oxidation (tiobarbituric acid reactive substances – TBARS) and microbial growth in vacuum-packed chicken frankfurters stored at 4±1ºC for 35 days. The effects of this extract on compositional, physicho-chemical and sensory characteristics of chicken frankfurters were also determined. Results showed that water myrtle extracts possess antioxidant (lower TBARS values that remained stable during the 35 days of storage) and antimicrobial properties (lower aerobic plate count) that may make them useful in the food industry. The addition of water myrtle extracts to frankfurters increased red/green and yellow/blue coordinates and decreased lightness values, which could indicate that Myrtus comunnis extract can also acts as a colorant in this type of meat products. Frankfurters with water myrtle extracts were scored similar to controls for overall appearance

In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum) flour obtained from co-products: changes in the antioxidant potential and bioactive compounds stability

The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) on the recovery, bioaccessibility and stability of polyphenolic compounds, the changes in antioxidant activity and the short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production of pomegranate peel flour (PPF) were evaluated. The extracts obtained in each step of GID were used to determine the stability of polyphenolic profile using HPLC whilst the antioxidant properties were determined using five methodologies. The SCFAs production from PPF fermentation was also determined. At the end of GID process, the bioaccessibility of phenolic and flavonoid compounds was 35.90 and 64.02%, respectively. The polyphenolic compounds decreased after GID except that for ellagic acid which increased. GID increased the chelating activity and reducing power. However, the scavenging properties were reduced. Fermentation of PPF by colonic bacteria generated acetic, propionic and butyric acids. PPF could be used in the food industry as a potential ingredient to develop functional foods that promote health benefits.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioactive compounds and techno-functional properties of high-fiber co-products of the cacao agro-industrial chain

The cacao shell (CS) and cacao pod husk (CPH), two of the most promising high-fiber co-products of the cacao agro-industrial chain, were evaluated to determine their potential incorporation into food products. This research determined bioactive compounds and techno-functional properties of CS and CPH, and was evaluated the enzymatic inactivation by thermal treatments in CPH. We found that CS is rich in protein, lipids, dietary fiber (48.1 ± 0.3 g 100 gdw−1), and antioxidant molecules such as epicatechin (1.10 ± 0.02 mg g−1) and isoquercetin (1.04 ± 0.09 mg g−1). Moreover, in CS a positive effect of hydration mechanism occur; in fact, it was observed a reduction of Lightness (L∗) value and a remarkable color difference (ΔE∗,18.8 ± 0.7) (CIEL∗a∗b∗ color space), between hydrated and dry CS samples; so, it could be used as a potential natural colorant in foods. CPH resulted equally rich in dietary fiber (35.3–37.4%) and flavonoids (2.9 ± 0.1 mg RE g−1); in this co-product, the rapid enzymatic inactivation by thermal treatments was essential to obtain the highest antioxidant activity and polyphenols content; regarding the techno-functional properties, it was found that CPH flour had high hydration capacity, so CPH can use it as a replacement for emulsifiers or water holding additives while incorporating the fiber and abundantly found antioxidants